The 5G Technology Ecosystem
Dr. Taro EichlerDr. Corbett Rowell
Application scenarios that shall be supported by 5G technology
Source: IMT Vision – “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” (June 19, 2015)
High spectral efficiency Low latency
Low packet error rateLow packet loss rate Low latency
High density device deploymentImproved link budgetLow device complexityLong battery life
3
5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution
2009/10+ 2013+ Commercial operation2016+
Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel14
20 MHz
MIMO
OFDM
MBMS
Voice
Service: Data +Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) eMBB / mMTC / URLLC
8x8 MIMO
CA
eICIC
CoMP
WLAN offload
MTC
D2D
DC
256 QAM
NB-IoT
Cat0
LAALWA
LWIP
PSM
CA FDD + TDD
CATM1
SC-PTM
D2D enh. V2X
CA enh.
Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)
Ener
gy E
fficien
cy (b
its/J)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Current GSM Point
GSM Curve
LTE Macro-Cell Curve
LTE Pico-Cell CurveCurrent LTE Pico-Cell Point
Current LTE Macro-Cell Point
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
eMBB: How to Improve System Capacity?
C W log2 1 SNR (S/N)Signal BW (Hz)
Capacity (bits/second)Problem: Shannon Channel CapacityProblem: Shannon Channel Capacity
• Use additional frequency bands in mmWavespectrum (30-110 GHz, > 6GHz) for increased signal bandwidth up to 2 GHz
• Increase spectral and energy efficiency of 5G waveforms and multiple access
• Implement Massive MIMO with multiple channels and beamforming to improve SNR
Solution: Signal Bandwidth & SNRSolution: Signal Bandwidth & SNR
2G vs. 4G Capacity Comparison2G vs. 4G Capacity Comparison
Easiest ways to improve capacity: MIMO and Signal BW
5G: Required Radio Technologies
Waveforms
Multiple Access Massive MIMO
mmWave Radio
fP
t Fiber Interconnect
IoT
Release 16Release 15Release 14
3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateTimeline after RAN #73 (Sept 2016)
6
2015
3GPP 5G Workshop
Channel modeling > 6 GHz
5G NR Scope and Requirements
5G NR Phase 2
2016 2017 2018 2019
5G NR Phase 1
TR 38.900finalized
TSG #80, June 2018:Release 15 stage 3 freeze for NR and NexGen, including Standalone.
TSG-RAN #78, December 2017: • Stage 3 freeze of L1/L2 for
common aspects of NSA (focused on licensed bands) and SA NR;
• Principles agreed for SA-specific L1/L2 components.
TR 38.913 NR: New RadioSA: StandaloneNSA: Non Standalone
Release 13LTE Advanced Pro
5G NR Work Items Phase 25G NR Work Items Phase 1
Today
3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateRAN Specifications
7
3GPP RAN naming convention: 3.xG = UTRAN, 4.xG = E-UTRAN, 5G = NR (New Radio)New 3GPP RAN specification series TR 38.xxx:
Spec Number Title 3GPP WG
TR 38.801 Study on New Radio Access Technology: RAN Architecture and Interfaces RAN3
TR 38.802 Study on New Radio Access Technology: Physical Layer Aspects RAN1
TR 38.803 TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: RF and co-existence aspects RAN4
TR 38.804 TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: Radio Interface Protocol Aspects RAN2
TR 38.900 Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz
TR 38.912 Study on New Radio Access Technology
TR 38.913 Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technology
Source: www.3gpp.org
Technical report for 3GPP for channel modelling available
ı SI proposed by Samsung, Nokia 03/2015. Was finished in June 2016. To be used for RAN1
system simulations. Eventually adopted in RAN4 for performance tests, not decided yet.
Different scenarios defined for >6 GHz: Urban Micro (UMi): street canyon, open square. Urban Macro (UMa) with outdoor/indoor UE. Indoor: Office (Open, Mixed), Shopping Mall.
Source: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp//Specs/archive/38_series/38.900/38900-e00.zip
8
3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateUse Cases and Applications
14 Oct 2016 5G Congress Tokyo / Japan 9
enhancedMobile Broadband
Massive IoT Ultra reliable &low latency
communication
eMBB – the known playgroundı Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers,
certification of devices)ı Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, 802.11 ad)
and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave)ı It’s all about data (speed and capacity)
Massive IoTı A diverse ecosystem
(operators, manufacturers, local authorities, certification only for some technologies)
ı Mix of technologies(GSM, Lora, Zigbee, WLAN, Bluetooth, Cat M, NB-IoT,…)
ı It’s all about cost efficiency and massive connectivity
URLLCı A significantly enhanced and
diverse ecosystem (operators (?), manufacturers, verticals, certification not existing (yet))
ı Existing technologies do not provide sufficient performance
ı It’s all about reliability and security (data and capacity)
Global 5G Trial Activities
Oct 2016 5G Forum
Network OperatorsNetwork Operators OEMsOEMsı Verizonı SK Telecomı Korea Telecomı NTT DoCoMoı AT&Tı TeliaSoneraı Optus ı China Mobileı Vodafoneı Dt. Telekomı TIMı Orangeı Telefonicaı …
2017, US (Verizon): commercial operationfor fixed wireless access
2018, South Korea (SKT/KT): commercial operationfor Winter Olympics ı Ericsson
ı Intelı Nokiaı Samsungı Cicsoı Qualcommı Huaweiı Samsungı ZTEı NECı Fujitsuı …
Harmonization of 5G specification is driven by the four operators Verizon, SKT, KT and NTT DoCoMo
2020, Japan (NTT DoCoMo): commercial operationfor Summer Olympics
5G Open Trial Specification Alliance
5G Trials and Network DeploymentsUse Cases
11
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Mobile Networks
pre-5G NR / SA 5G NR NSA
pre-5G NR SA
eMBBFocus of 5G trials and early network deployments is on
enhanced Mobile Broadband
5G Trials and Network DeploymentsTimeline
12
5G NR Phase 2
2016 2017 2018 2019
5G NR Phase 1LTE Advanced Pro
Today 2020
5G NR Evolution
Release 17Release 16Release 15Release 13 … 14
5G Network (pre-3GPP, FWA)
Specpublished
FieldTrials
TechnologyTrials
NetworkLaunch
5G Network (pre-3GPP, SA)
FieldTrials
TechnologyTrials
NetworkLaunch
SamsungKT, SKT
3GPP compliant 5G NR Network (NSA, LTE interworking)JapaneseOperators
TechnologyTrials
Field Trials(pre-3GPP)
Field Trials(3GPP 5G NR)
NetworkLaunch
5G NR Phase 1Specification approved
5G Spectrum AvailabilityWRC-15
13
Sub-6GHz mm Wave: 30-90 GHzcave: 10-20 GHz
CoverageMobilityReliability
High CapacityMassive Throughput
Ultra-Dense Networks
n x 20 MHz n x 100 MHz 1-2 GHzCarrier BW
Macro Small Ultra-smallCell Size
Recommended Bands < 6GHz (Europe)
Sub 700MHz470-694 MHz
L-Band1350-1400 MHz1427-1517 MHz
TD-LTE2.7-2.9 GHz
C-Band3.4-3.8 GHz3.8-4.2 GHz
Total available bandwidth: 1.3 GHz
ı Considered frequency ranges andbands to be studied for 5G: 24.25 to 27.5 GHz 31.8 to 33.4 GHz 37.0 to 43.5 GHz 45.4 to 50.2 GHz 50.4 to 52.6 GHz 66 to 76 GHz 81 to 86 GHz
ı Total available bandwidth: ~ 30 GHzı 28 GHz band is not fully covered, however of
high interest for deployment in US and Korea
5G Trials and Network Deployments28 GHz Spectrum in US
14
ı FCC adds additional spectrum for 5G wireless by an anonymously vote on July 14, 2016
ı Total of 10.85 GHz will be made available: 28 GHz: 27.5 to 28.35 GHz 37 GHz: 37.0 to 38.6 GHz 39 GHz: 38.6 to 40 GHz 64 to 71 GHz. Unlicensed
Licensed
37.0 38.6 f in GHz200 MHz
Dedicated to Shared Spectrum Use
Source: http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2016/db0714/DOC-340310A1.pdf
2x 425 MHz blocks for the 28 GHz band, country-wide available. Remaining licensed bands are organized as 200 MHz blocks.
5G Trials and Network DeploymentsVerizon 5G Specificationsı Verizon has published their 5G specifications in July 2016ı Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Rel-12 specifications with several changes
and adaptations:
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OFDM(A) also used in UL Beamforming, e.g. BRS =
Beam Reference Signals PHY, MAC, RLC
adaptations supporting new capabilities
Higher layer protocol extensions, e.g. beam measurements
Source: www.5gtf.org
5G Trials and Network DeploymentsVerizon 5G Specifications
16
Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Specifications Physical Layer and Spectrum Usage
5G – A(nother) new air interfaceLTE air interface will not support all use casesı In particular low latency requirements require redesignı Many different use cases suggest more than a single air interfaceı Discussed candidates comprise: UFMC: Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier FBMC: Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing f-OFDM: Filtered-OFDM SCMA: Sparse Code Multiple Access NOMA: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
ı Common advantages at the cost of higher complexity: Better robustness against imperfect synchronism Reduced out-of-band emission
ı Common key parameters: FFT size, number of active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing Number of symbols per subcarrier, symbol source
17
reduced out of band emissions
Ideal: waveform is fully orthogonal in time & frequency. No inter carrier interference ICI & well known localization in time & frequencyBut: reality is different (real world channel conditions)!
no need to be synchronized + better spectral efficiencyfreq
5G waveform candidates – some design aspectsOverhead Resistance to Interference Out of Band Emissions
Time FrequencyR
x Po
wer
(dB
)
Spectral Efficiency Flexibility Receiver/MIMO Complexity
18
f-OFDMFiltered OFDM
CP 1e.g. 1/10
CP 2e.g. 1/16
CP Ne.g. 1/32
Σ
iFFT 1e.g. 256
iFFT 2e.g. 256
iFFT Ne.g. 1024
Filter 1
Filter 2
Filter N
Sub-band 1
Sub-band 2
Sub-band N
ı f-OFDM applies subband specific filtering, various characteristics possible
ı Based on OFDM numerology
ı Completely different parameter set for each sub-band Sub-carrier
spacing, FFT-size, filter, cyclic prefix length
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Basic principles: Downlink and Uplink
PSS, SSS,Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS)
xPBCH, ePBCH
xPDCCHxPDSCH
xPUCCH
xPUSCH
Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (DL PNCRS)
Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (PNCRS)
xPRACH
ı Dynamic switch on a subframe basis from downlink to uplink transmission. 4 possibilities:
Comparison LTE and Verizon Wireless 5G PHY parameterization (2/2)ı Aggregation of up to 8 carriers 100 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.10-12: only 5 carriers 20 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.13: 32 carriers up to 20 MHz each.
ı New PHY signals and new or modified PHY channels, supporting additional capabilities.
21
… …Subcarrier #568
Subcarrier #564 …
…… …
Subcarrier #641
Subcarrier #636 …
…… …
Subcarrier #495
Subcarrier #492 …
…
Old and new synchronization signalsPSS/SSS, Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS)
Subframe#0
Subframe#1
Subframe#2
Subframe#25…………………………. Subframe
#26 …………….………………………….
time
Subframe#0
OFDMSymbol #0
… …
PSSPSS PSS
PSS
…PSS PSS
…
Subcarrier #634
Subcarrier #632
Subcarrier #631
PSSPSS PSS
PSSSubcarrier #569
PRB
#47
…
…
………
……
PSSPSSPSS
PSSPSS
OFDMSymbol #13...OFDM
Symbol #0
… …
SSSSSS SSS
SSS
…SSS SSS
…
Subcarrier #708
Subcarrier #704
Subcarrier #703
SSSSSS SSS
SSSSubcarrier #642
PRB
#53
…
…
………
……
SSSSSSSSS
SSSSSS
OFDMSymbol #13... OFDM
Symbol #0
… …
ESSESS ESS
ESS
…ESS ESS
…
Subcarrier #563
Subcarrier #559
Subcarrier #558
ESSESS ESS
ESSSubcarrier #496
PRB
#41
…
…
………
……
ESSESSESS
ESSESS
...
1 Subframe = 0.2 ms (TTI)
Subframe#49
Radio Frame (10 ms)
Subframe#24
OFDMSymbol #13
PRB
#58
22
xPBCH, ePBCH – Where are the broadcast channels transmitted?
ı xPBCH transmitted on 4 consecutive radio frames. Occupies subframe #0, #25 with PSS/SSS/ESS and
BRS; BRS are used to demod xPBCH. Transmitted info (MIB): SFN (8 bits), BRS period,
ePBCH transmission periodicity. ı ePBCH carries System Information Block (xSIB)
and is transmitted on pre-defined or configured subframe. Subframe depends on BRS transmission period. Periodicity is (none, 4, 8, 16) radio frames (xPBCH).
SSS
PSS
ESS18 P
RB
(PR
B41
to P
RB5
8)
xPBC
H, B
RS
xPBC
H, B
RS
41 P
RB
41 P
RB
Subframe #0 and #250.2 ms
• SFN [8 bit]• BRS transmission period• ePBCH periodicity
…even numbered subblockswith complex-valued symbols
…odd numbered subblocks with complex-valued symbols
Bit ePBCHperiodicity TePBCH
00 OFF N/A
01 40 ms 4
10 80 ms 8
11 160 ms 16
BRS transmission period
# ofsubframes
Subframes within radio frame
1 slot < 5 ms 1 49th
1 subframe = 5 ms 2 48th, 49th
2 subframes = 10 ms 4 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th
4 subframes = 20 ms 8 42nd, 43th ,... ,48th ,49th
xPBCH, Beamforming Reference Signal (BRS)xP
BCH
, BR
S
41 P
RB
Subframe #0 and #250.2 ms
1 PR
B
l = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
xPBCH
BRS
k = 709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
0.2 ms
Scrambling (OCC) depends on antenna port:
Used as Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)
+1
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+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
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-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
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+1
-1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
-1
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-1
+1
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-1
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-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
p = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
24
Verizon 5G specificationSome Details on the Air Interface - Testplanı “The present document establishes a test plan for
the air interface of the 5G trial systems. In this specification, a single 5G NB shall operate with a single 5G UE in a lab environment.”
ı “Beamforming is an essential part of any commercial radio access networks that are deployed on a higher frequency in order to provide a sufficient coverage.” “Members of Verizon 5G TF have agreed on
adopting hybrid beamforming …for its advantage in relatively flexible beamforming at a reasonable implementation cost, as well as ability to support both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO.”
25
Rohde&Schwarz R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator with Software Option SMW-K114 provides the required 5G capabilities ı f-OFDM: with Filter Length = 1 and Subband = 1 generic OFDM signals can be generated.
Set FFTsize
Set subcarrierspacing
CP Y/N?
Occupied Bandwidth
# of Symbols
26
Demodulating Verizon Wireless 5G signal (Example: Downlink)
27
Rohde & Schwarz supports V5G signal generation/analysis based on Verizon 5G open trial specifications
100 MHz
800 MHz
single carrier
or
multi-carrier signals
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/press/5G
Current RAN1#85 (May 2016) Discussion on NR Numerology
ı Scaling for subcarrier spacing: fSC = f0*2m with m = 1, 2, …, z or fSC = f0*M with M = 1, 2, …, z. Current working assumption (WA) based on RAN1#85 is that f0 = 15 kHz and scaling factor is 2m. Additional proposals: (1) f0 = N/D*15 kHz for small values of N, D, (2) Non-power-of-2 FFT size or
(3) allow a subcarrier spacing of 75 kHz. Agreement for WA to be achieved until RAN1#86 (08/2016). Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Set 6 Set 7 Set z
Subcarrier Spacing [kHz] 15 30 60 120 240 480 960 …
Component Carrier BW [MHz] X 2X 4X 8X 16X 32X 64X …
Symbol Length [μs] 66.67 33.33 16.67 8.333 4.17 2.08 1.04 …
Cyclic Prefix Length [μs] 4.69 2.34 1.17 0.59 0.29 0.15 0.07 …
Subframe Length [ms] TBD after identifying detailed scheduling operations in NR.
Radio Frame Length [ms] To be defined
Note At least it is necessary to cover X=20, and it is beneficial to cover X=40,wider bandwidths for FFS
Source: R1-165439 Views on numerology for NR, NTT DoCoMo [May 2016]
R&S 5G Test Solution Overview
30
Wideband Signal Testing
New 5G PHY Candidates E2e Application TestingComponent Characterization
Direct measurements up to 110 GHz
I 40 GHz signal generation I 85 GHz signal analysis I 2 GHz bandwidth support
Massive MIMO - Beamforming
R&S®ZNBT
R&S®SMW200+6x R&S®SGT100
R&S®SMW200
R&S®FSW85
DUT
UP< 40 GHz > 40 GHz
R&S®ZVA
I Phase-coherent RF generationI Multi-port VNA
R&S®NGMO R&S®CMW500
DUT
Analyze application behavior like signaling load, delay, power etc.
CONTESTCMWrun
Signal generator
SpectrumAnalyzer
NetworkAnalyzer
R&S®FS-K196
Channel Sounding Solution
R&S®SMW200 R&S®FSW85
I fast measurement in time domainI support for in- and outdoor sounding I very high dynamic range
Signal generator
Data AnalysisSoftware
Spectrum Analyzer
R&S®TS-5GCS
R&S®SMW200–K114
31
“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together!”
African proverb