The 5G Technology Ecosystem

Dr. Taro EichlerDr. Corbett Rowell

Application scenarios that shall be supported by 5G technology

Source: IMT Vision – “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” (June 19, 2015)

High spectral efficiency Low latency

Low packet error rateLow packet loss rate Low latency

High density device deploymentImproved link budgetLow device complexityLong battery life

3

5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution

2009/10+ 2013+ Commercial operation2016+

Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel14

20 MHz

MIMO

OFDM

MBMS

Voice

Service: Data +Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) eMBB / mMTC / URLLC

8x8 MIMO

CA

eICIC

CoMP

WLAN offload

MTC

D2D

DC

256 QAM

NB-IoT

Cat0

LAALWA

LWIP

PSM

CA FDD + TDD

CATM1

SC-PTM

D2D enh. V2X

CA enh.

Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Ener

gy E

fficien

cy (b

its/J)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Current GSM Point

GSM Curve

LTE Macro-Cell Curve

LTE Pico-Cell CurveCurrent LTE Pico-Cell Point

Current LTE Macro-Cell Point

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

eMBB: How to Improve System Capacity?

C W log2 1 SNR (S/N)Signal BW (Hz)

Capacity (bits/second)Problem: Shannon Channel CapacityProblem: Shannon Channel Capacity

• Use additional frequency bands in mmWavespectrum (30-110 GHz, > 6GHz) for increased signal bandwidth up to 2 GHz

• Increase spectral and energy efficiency of 5G waveforms and multiple access

• Implement Massive MIMO with multiple channels and beamforming to improve SNR

Solution: Signal Bandwidth & SNRSolution: Signal Bandwidth & SNR

2G vs. 4G Capacity Comparison2G vs. 4G Capacity Comparison

Easiest ways to improve capacity: MIMO and Signal BW

5G: Required Radio Technologies

Waveforms

Multiple Access Massive MIMO

mmWave Radio

fP

t Fiber Interconnect

IoT

Release 16Release 15Release 14

3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateTimeline after RAN #73 (Sept 2016)

6

2015

3GPP 5G Workshop

Channel modeling > 6 GHz

5G NR Scope and Requirements

5G NR Phase 2

2016 2017 2018 2019

5G NR Phase 1

TR 38.900finalized

TSG #80, June 2018:Release 15 stage 3 freeze for NR and NexGen, including Standalone.

TSG-RAN #78, December 2017: • Stage 3 freeze of L1/L2 for

common aspects of NSA (focused on licensed bands) and SA NR;

• Principles agreed for SA-specific L1/L2 components.

TR 38.913 NR: New RadioSA: StandaloneNSA: Non Standalone

Release 13LTE Advanced Pro

5G NR Work Items Phase 25G NR Work Items Phase 1

Today

3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateRAN Specifications

7

3GPP RAN naming convention: 3.xG = UTRAN, 4.xG = E-UTRAN, 5G = NR (New Radio)New 3GPP RAN specification series TR 38.xxx:

Spec Number Title 3GPP WG

TR 38.801 Study on New Radio Access Technology: RAN Architecture and Interfaces RAN3

TR 38.802 Study on New Radio Access Technology: Physical Layer Aspects RAN1

TR 38.803 TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: RF and co-existence aspects RAN4

TR 38.804 TR for Study on New Radio Access Technology: Radio Interface Protocol Aspects RAN2

TR 38.900 Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz

TR 38.912 Study on New Radio Access Technology

TR 38.913 Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technology

Source: www.3gpp.org

Technical report for 3GPP for channel modelling available

ı SI proposed by Samsung, Nokia 03/2015. Was finished in June 2016. To be used for RAN1

system simulations. Eventually adopted in RAN4 for performance tests, not decided yet.

Different scenarios defined for >6 GHz: Urban Micro (UMi): street canyon, open square. Urban Macro (UMa) with outdoor/indoor UE. Indoor: Office (Open, Mixed), Shopping Mall.

Source: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp//Specs/archive/38_series/38.900/38900-e00.zip

8

3GPP 5G Standardization UpdateUse Cases and Applications

14 Oct 2016 5G Congress Tokyo / Japan 9

enhancedMobile Broadband

Massive IoT Ultra reliable &low latency

communication

eMBB – the known playgroundı Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers,

certification of devices)ı Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, 802.11 ad)

and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave)ı It’s all about data (speed and capacity)

Massive IoTı A diverse ecosystem

(operators, manufacturers, local authorities, certification only for some technologies)

ı Mix of technologies(GSM, Lora, Zigbee, WLAN, Bluetooth, Cat M, NB-IoT,…)

ı It’s all about cost efficiency and massive connectivity

URLLCı A significantly enhanced and

diverse ecosystem (operators (?), manufacturers, verticals, certification not existing (yet))

ı Existing technologies do not provide sufficient performance

ı It’s all about reliability and security (data and capacity)

Global 5G Trial Activities

Oct 2016 5G Forum

Network OperatorsNetwork Operators OEMsOEMsı Verizonı SK Telecomı Korea Telecomı NTT DoCoMoı AT&Tı TeliaSoneraı Optus ı China Mobileı Vodafoneı Dt. Telekomı TIMı Orangeı Telefonicaı …

2017, US (Verizon): commercial operationfor fixed wireless access

2018, South Korea (SKT/KT): commercial operationfor Winter Olympics ı Ericsson

ı Intelı Nokiaı Samsungı Cicsoı Qualcommı Huaweiı Samsungı ZTEı NECı Fujitsuı …

Harmonization of 5G specification is driven by the four operators Verizon, SKT, KT and NTT DoCoMo

2020, Japan (NTT DoCoMo): commercial operationfor Summer Olympics

5G Open Trial Specification Alliance

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsUse Cases

11

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Mobile Networks

pre-5G NR / SA 5G NR NSA

pre-5G NR SA

eMBBFocus of 5G trials and early network deployments is on

enhanced Mobile Broadband

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsTimeline

12

5G NR Phase 2

2016 2017 2018 2019

5G NR Phase 1LTE Advanced Pro

Today 2020

5G NR Evolution

Release 17Release 16Release 15Release 13 … 14

5G Network (pre-3GPP, FWA)

Specpublished

FieldTrials

TechnologyTrials

NetworkLaunch

5G Network (pre-3GPP, SA)

FieldTrials

TechnologyTrials

NetworkLaunch

SamsungKT, SKT

3GPP compliant 5G NR Network (NSA, LTE interworking)JapaneseOperators

TechnologyTrials

Field Trials(pre-3GPP)

Field Trials(3GPP 5G NR)

NetworkLaunch

5G NR Phase 1Specification approved

5G Spectrum AvailabilityWRC-15

13

Sub-6GHz mm Wave: 30-90 GHzcave: 10-20 GHz

CoverageMobilityReliability

High CapacityMassive Throughput

Ultra-Dense Networks

n x 20 MHz n x 100 MHz 1-2 GHzCarrier BW

Macro Small Ultra-smallCell Size

Recommended Bands < 6GHz (Europe)

Sub 700MHz470-694 MHz

L-Band1350-1400 MHz1427-1517 MHz

TD-LTE2.7-2.9 GHz

C-Band3.4-3.8 GHz3.8-4.2 GHz

Total available bandwidth: 1.3 GHz

ı Considered frequency ranges andbands to be studied for 5G: 24.25 to 27.5 GHz 31.8 to 33.4 GHz 37.0 to 43.5 GHz 45.4 to 50.2 GHz 50.4 to 52.6 GHz 66 to 76 GHz 81 to 86 GHz

ı Total available bandwidth: ~ 30 GHzı 28 GHz band is not fully covered, however of

high interest for deployment in US and Korea

5G Trials and Network Deployments28 GHz Spectrum in US

14

ı FCC adds additional spectrum for 5G wireless by an anonymously vote on July 14, 2016

ı Total of 10.85 GHz will be made available: 28 GHz: 27.5 to 28.35 GHz 37 GHz: 37.0 to 38.6 GHz 39 GHz: 38.6 to 40 GHz 64 to 71 GHz. Unlicensed

Licensed

37.0 38.6 f in GHz200 MHz

Dedicated to Shared Spectrum Use

Source: http://transition.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2016/db0714/DOC-340310A1.pdf

2x 425 MHz blocks for the 28 GHz band, country-wide available. Remaining licensed bands are organized as 200 MHz blocks.

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsVerizon 5G Specificationsı Verizon has published their 5G specifications in July 2016ı Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Rel-12 specifications with several changes

and adaptations:

15

OFDM(A) also used in UL Beamforming, e.g. BRS =

Beam Reference Signals PHY, MAC, RLC

adaptations supporting new capabilities

Higher layer protocol extensions, e.g. beam measurements

Source: www.5gtf.org

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsVerizon 5G Specifications

16

Based on 3GPP LTE Advanced Specifications Physical Layer and Spectrum Usage

5G – A(nother) new air interfaceLTE air interface will not support all use casesı In particular low latency requirements require redesignı Many different use cases suggest more than a single air interfaceı Discussed candidates comprise: UFMC: Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier FBMC: Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing f-OFDM: Filtered-OFDM SCMA: Sparse Code Multiple Access NOMA: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

ı Common advantages at the cost of higher complexity: Better robustness against imperfect synchronism Reduced out-of-band emission

ı Common key parameters: FFT size, number of active subcarriers, subcarrier spacing Number of symbols per subcarrier, symbol source

17

reduced out of band emissions

Ideal: waveform is fully orthogonal in time & frequency. No inter carrier interference ICI & well known localization in time & frequencyBut: reality is different (real world channel conditions)!

no need to be synchronized + better spectral efficiencyfreq

5G waveform candidates – some design aspectsOverhead Resistance to Interference Out of Band Emissions

Time FrequencyR

x Po

wer

(dB

)

Spectral Efficiency Flexibility Receiver/MIMO Complexity

18

f-OFDMFiltered OFDM

CP 1e.g. 1/10

CP 2e.g. 1/16

CP Ne.g. 1/32

Σ

iFFT 1e.g. 256

iFFT 2e.g. 256

iFFT Ne.g. 1024

Filter 1

Filter 2

Filter N

Sub-band 1

Sub-band 2

Sub-band N

ı f-OFDM applies subband specific filtering, various characteristics possible

ı Based on OFDM numerology

ı Completely different parameter set for each sub-band Sub-carrier

spacing, FFT-size, filter, cyclic prefix length

19

Basic principles: Downlink and Uplink

PSS, SSS,Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS)

xPBCH, ePBCH

xPDCCHxPDSCH

xPUCCH

xPUSCH

Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (DL PNCRS)

Phase Noise Compensation Reference Signal (PNCRS)

xPRACH

ı Dynamic switch on a subframe basis from downlink to uplink transmission. 4 possibilities:

Comparison LTE and Verizon Wireless 5G PHY parameterization (2/2)ı Aggregation of up to 8 carriers 100 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.10-12: only 5 carriers 20 MHz each. LTE: 3GPP Rel.13: 32 carriers up to 20 MHz each.

ı New PHY signals and new or modified PHY channels, supporting additional capabilities.

21

… …Subcarrier #568

Subcarrier #564 …

…… …

Subcarrier #641

Subcarrier #636 …

…… …

Subcarrier #495

Subcarrier #492 …

…

Old and new synchronization signalsPSS/SSS, Extended Synchronization Signal (ESS)

Subframe#0

Subframe#1

Subframe#2

Subframe#25…………………………. Subframe

#26 …………….………………………….

time

Subframe#0

OFDMSymbol #0

… …

PSSPSS PSS

PSS

…PSS PSS

…

Subcarrier #634

Subcarrier #632

Subcarrier #631

PSSPSS PSS

PSSSubcarrier #569

PRB

#47

…

…

………

……

PSSPSSPSS

PSSPSS

OFDMSymbol #13...OFDM

Symbol #0

… …

SSSSSS SSS

SSS

…SSS SSS

…

Subcarrier #708

Subcarrier #704

Subcarrier #703

SSSSSS SSS

SSSSubcarrier #642

PRB

#53

…

…

………

……

SSSSSSSSS

SSSSSS

OFDMSymbol #13... OFDM

Symbol #0

… …

ESSESS ESS

ESS

…ESS ESS

…

Subcarrier #563

Subcarrier #559

Subcarrier #558

ESSESS ESS

ESSSubcarrier #496

PRB

#41

…

…

………

……

ESSESSESS

ESSESS

...

1 Subframe = 0.2 ms (TTI)

Subframe#49

Radio Frame (10 ms)

Subframe#24

OFDMSymbol #13

PRB

#58

22

xPBCH, ePBCH – Where are the broadcast channels transmitted?

ı xPBCH transmitted on 4 consecutive radio frames. Occupies subframe #0, #25 with PSS/SSS/ESS and

BRS; BRS are used to demod xPBCH. Transmitted info (MIB): SFN (8 bits), BRS period,

ePBCH transmission periodicity. ı ePBCH carries System Information Block (xSIB)

and is transmitted on pre-defined or configured subframe. Subframe depends on BRS transmission period. Periodicity is (none, 4, 8, 16) radio frames (xPBCH).

SSS

PSS

ESS18 P

RB

(PR

B41

to P

RB5

8)

xPBC

H, B

RS

xPBC

H, B

RS

41 P

RB

41 P

RB

Subframe #0 and #250.2 ms

• SFN [8 bit]• BRS transmission period• ePBCH periodicity

…even numbered subblockswith complex-valued symbols

…odd numbered subblocks with complex-valued symbols

Bit ePBCHperiodicity TePBCH

00 OFF N/A

01 40 ms 4

10 80 ms 8

11 160 ms 16

BRS transmission period

# ofsubframes

Subframes within radio frame

1 slot < 5 ms 1 49th

1 subframe = 5 ms 2 48th, 49th

2 subframes = 10 ms 4 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th

4 subframes = 20 ms 8 42nd, 43th ,... ,48th ,49th

xPBCH, Beamforming Reference Signal (BRS)xP

BCH

, BR

S

41 P

RB

Subframe #0 and #250.2 ms

1 PR

B

l = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

xPBCH

BRS

k = 709

710

711

712

713

714

715

716

717

718

719

720

0.2 ms

Scrambling (OCC) depends on antenna port:

Used as Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

p = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

24

Verizon 5G specificationSome Details on the Air Interface - Testplanı “The present document establishes a test plan for

the air interface of the 5G trial systems. In this specification, a single 5G NB shall operate with a single 5G UE in a lab environment.”

ı “Beamforming is an essential part of any commercial radio access networks that are deployed on a higher frequency in order to provide a sufficient coverage.” “Members of Verizon 5G TF have agreed on

adopting hybrid beamforming …for its advantage in relatively flexible beamforming at a reasonable implementation cost, as well as ability to support both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO.”

25

Rohde&Schwarz R&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator with Software Option SMW-K114 provides the required 5G capabilities ı f-OFDM: with Filter Length = 1 and Subband = 1 generic OFDM signals can be generated.

Set FFTsize

Set subcarrierspacing

CP Y/N?

Occupied Bandwidth

# of Symbols

26

Demodulating Verizon Wireless 5G signal (Example: Downlink)

27

Rohde & Schwarz supports V5G signal generation/analysis based on Verizon 5G open trial specifications

100 MHz

800 MHz

single carrier

or

multi-carrier signals

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/press/5G

Current RAN1#85 (May 2016) Discussion on NR Numerology

ı Scaling for subcarrier spacing: fSC = f0*2m with m = 1, 2, …, z or fSC = f0*M with M = 1, 2, …, z. Current working assumption (WA) based on RAN1#85 is that f0 = 15 kHz and scaling factor is 2m. Additional proposals: (1) f0 = N/D*15 kHz for small values of N, D, (2) Non-power-of-2 FFT size or

(3) allow a subcarrier spacing of 75 kHz. Agreement for WA to be achieved until RAN1#86 (08/2016). Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Set 6 Set 7 Set z

Subcarrier Spacing [kHz] 15 30 60 120 240 480 960 …

Component Carrier BW [MHz] X 2X 4X 8X 16X 32X 64X …

Symbol Length [μs] 66.67 33.33 16.67 8.333 4.17 2.08 1.04 …

Cyclic Prefix Length [μs] 4.69 2.34 1.17 0.59 0.29 0.15 0.07 …

Subframe Length [ms] TBD after identifying detailed scheduling operations in NR.

Radio Frame Length [ms] To be defined

Note At least it is necessary to cover X=20, and it is beneficial to cover X=40,wider bandwidths for FFS

Source: R1-165439 Views on numerology for NR, NTT DoCoMo [May 2016]

R&S 5G Test Solution Overview

30

Wideband Signal Testing

New 5G PHY Candidates E2e Application TestingComponent Characterization

Direct measurements up to 110 GHz

I 40 GHz signal generation I 85 GHz signal analysis I 2 GHz bandwidth support

Massive MIMO - Beamforming

R&S®ZNBT

R&S®SMW200+6x R&S®SGT100

R&S®SMW200

R&S®FSW85

DUT

UP< 40 GHz > 40 GHz

R&S®ZVA

I Phase-coherent RF generationI Multi-port VNA

R&S®NGMO R&S®CMW500

DUT

Analyze application behavior like signaling load, delay, power etc.

CONTESTCMWrun

Signal generator

SpectrumAnalyzer

NetworkAnalyzer

R&S®FS-K196

Channel Sounding Solution

R&S®SMW200 R&S®FSW85

I fast measurement in time domainI support for in- and outdoor sounding I very high dynamic range

Signal generator

Data AnalysisSoftware

Spectrum Analyzer

R&S®TS-5GCS

R&S®SMW200–K114

31

“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together!”

African proverb