1© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
MPLS MPLS overviewoverviewWolfgang Riedel
[email protected] Engineer
ECSO Enterprise ManufacturingCisco Systems GmbH
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 212:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 312:24
Evolution of MPLS
• From tag switching• Proposed in IETF—Later combined with other
proposals from IBM (ARIS), Toshiba (CSR)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001TimeTime
Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to
StandardizeTag Switching
Cisco Calls aBOF at IETF to
StandardizeTag Switching
Traffic Engineering Deployed
Traffic Engineering Deployed
MPLS VPNDeployed
MPLS VPNDeployed
Large Scale DeploymentLarge Scale Deployment
Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)
Cisco Ships MPLS (Tag Switching)
Cisco ShipsMPLS TE
Cisco ShipsMPLS TE
MPLS Croup Formally Chartered
by IETF
MPLS Croup Formally Chartered
by IETF
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 412:24
The Challenges
Campus Service Provider
“multiple customers”
Move into rapid deployment
Replacement of campus wide vlan´s
Cost saving
Lower cost of managing separate Data and Voice networks
Combine private data services with Internet services
Migration pathProtect existing Infrastructure—ATM/FR
Lower cost of WAN connectivity
Generate new services
EnterpriseService Providers
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 512:24
MPLS advanced services
L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, EnetEnet, GRE, ...), GRE, ...)
LabelLabel Forwarding Information Base (LFIB)Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) LDPLDPRSVPRSVP
PerPer--Label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationLabel Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationMechanismsMechanisms CEFCEF
IPIPswitchingswitching
IPIPCoSCoS
((DiffServDiffServ))
DiffServDiffServawareaware
TETE
Multicast Multicast Routing Routing (PIM v2(PIM v2)
OSPFOSPFISIS--ISISPIMPIM
FastFastReroutingRerouting
TrafficTrafficEngineeringEngineering
Virtual Private NetworksBGPLDPBGPBGPLDPLDP
ATOMAny Transport over MPLS
IPv66PE
Carriersupporting
Carrier
MulticastoverVPN
L2VPN
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 612:24
MPLS Innovation & Standards
L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, EnetEnet, GRE, ...), GRE, ...)
LabelLabel Forwarding Information Base (LFIB)Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) LDPLDPRSVPRSVP
PerPer--Label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationLabel Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationMechanismsMechanisms CEFCEF
IPIPswitchingswitching
IPIPCoSCoS
((DiffServDiffServ))
DiffServDiffServawareaware
TETE
Multicast Multicast Routing Routing (PIM v2(PIM v2)
OSPFOSPFISIS--ISISPIMPIM
FastFastReroutingRerouting
TrafficTrafficEngineeringEngineering
Virtual Private NetworksBGPLDPBGPBGPLDPLDP
ATOMAny Transport over MPLS
IPv66PE
Carriersupporting
Carrier
MulticastoverVPN
L2VPN
2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Field in IP Headers *
2475 An Architecture for Differentiated Services
2597 Assured Forwarding PHB Group *2598 An Expedited Forwarding PHB *2697 A Single Rate Three Color Marker2698 A Two Rate Three Color Marker
3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture *
3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding *3034 Label Switching on Frame
Relay Networks3035 MPLS using LDP and ATM VC
Switching *3036 LDP Specification *3037 LDP Applicability *
2702 Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS
2547 BGP/MPLS VPNs *
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 712:24
MPLS Innovation-in-Progress
L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, L2 protocols (PPP, POS, ATM, FR, EnetEnet, GRE, ...), GRE, ...)
LabelLabel Forwarding Information Base (LFIB)Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) LDPLDPRSVPRSVP
PerPer--Label Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationLabel Forwarding, Queuing, Multicast, RestorationMechanismsMechanisms CEFCEF
IPIPswitchingswitching
IPIPCoSCoS
((DiffServDiffServ))
DiffServDiffServawareaware
TETE
Multicast Multicast Routing Routing (PIM v2(PIM v2)
OSPFOSPFISIS--ISISPIMPIM
FastFastReroutingRerouting
TrafficTrafficEngineeringEngineering
Virtual Private NetworksBGPLDPBGPBGPLDPLDP
ATOMAny Transport over MPLS
IPv66PE
Carriersupporting
Carrier
MulticastoverVPN
L2VPN
[Martini Drafts] • Transport of Layer 2 Frames
Over MPLS *draft-martini-l2circuit-trans-mpls-06.txt
• Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Layer 2 Frames Over MPLS *
draft-martini-l2circuit-encap-mpls-02.txt
• MPLS Support of Differentiated Services *
draft-ietf-mpls-diff-ext-09.txt
[Draft Rosen] • An Architecture for L2VPNs *
draft-rosen-ppvpn-l2vpn-00.txt
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 812:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 912:24
MPLS Concept
In Core:Forward using labels (as opposed to IP addr)Label indicates service class and destination
Label Switch Router (LSR)
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
Edge Label Switch Router
At Edge:Classify packetsLabel them
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1012:24
MPLS Operation1a. Existing routing protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) establish reachability to destination networks
1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) establishes label to destination network mappings
2. Ingress Edge LSR receives packet, performs Layer 3 value-added services, and “labels” packets
3. LSR switches packets using label swapping
4. Edge LSR at egress removes label and delivers packet
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1112:24
Encapsulations
Label HeaderLabel HeaderPPP HeaderPPP Header Layer 3 HeaderLayer 3 HeaderPPP Header
(Packet over SONET/SDH)
ATM Cell Header HECHEC
LabelLabel
DATADATACLPCLPPTIPTIVCIVCIGFCGFC VPIVPI
Label HeaderLabel HeaderMAC HeaderMAC Header Layer 3 HeaderLayer 3 HeaderLAN MAC Label Header
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1212:24
Label Header for Packet Media
• Can be used over Ethernet, 802.3, or PPP links
• Uses two new Ethertypes/PPP PIDs• Contains everything needed at forwarding
time
Label = 20 bits COS/EXP = Class of Service, 3 bitsS = Bottom of Stack, 1 bit TTL = Time to Live, 8 bits
0 1 2 30 1 2 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Tag COS S TTL
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1312:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1412:24
Label Distribution Protocol
• Defined in RFC 3036 and 3037• Used to distribute labels in a MPLS network• Forwarding equivalence class
How packets are mapped to LSPs (Label Switched Paths)
• Advertise labels per FECReach destination a.b.c.d with label x
• Neighbor discoveryBasic and extended discovery
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1512:24
TDP and LDP
• Tag Distribution ProtocolPre-cursor to LDP
Used for Cisco tag switching
• TDP and LDP supported on the same boxPer neighbor/link basis
Per target basis
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1612:24
RSVP and Label Distribution
• Used in MPLS traffic engineering
• Additions to RSVP signaling protocol
• Leverage the admission control mechanism of RSVP
• Label requests are sent in PATH messages and binding is done with RESV messages
• EXPLICT-ROUTE object defines the path over which setup messages should be routed
• Using RSVP has several advantages
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1712:24
BGP-Based Label Distribution
• Used in the context of MPLS VPNs• Need multi-protocol extensions to BGP• Routers need to be BGP peers
Works in both RR and non-RR environment
• Label mapping info carried as part of NLRI (Network Layer Reachability Information)
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
MPLS Example:Routing Information
128.89
171.69
1
010
You can reach 171.69through me
You can reach 128.89 and 171.69 through me
Routing Updates (OSPF, EIGRP, …)
You can reach 128.89 through me
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89171.69171.69
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
0011......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89171.69171.69
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
1111......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
00
......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19
MPLS Example:Assigning Labels
1
01
0
Use Lbl 7 for 171.69
Use Lbl 4 for 128.89 andUse Lbl 5 for 171.69
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)(Downstream Allocation)
Use Lbl 9 for 128.89
128.89
171.69
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89171.69171.69
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
0011......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89171.69171.69
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
1111......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
00
......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
----
4455
4455
9977
99 --
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
MPLS Example:Forwarding Packets
128.89
171.69
1
01
128.89.25.4 Data44128.89.25.4128.89.25.4 Data
128.89.25.4 Data
128.89.25.4Data99
0
Label Switch Forwards Based on Label
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89171.69171.69
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
0011......
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
171.69171.69......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
1111......
Out TLblOut TLbl
In LblIn Lbl
Address Prefix
Address Prefix
128.89128.89
......
OutI’faceOut
I’face
00
......
----
4455 55
9977
--44 99128.89128.89
Out Lbl
Out Lbl
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2112:24
Label Stacking
• Arrange labels in a stack
• Inner labels can be used to designate services/FECs, etc.E.g. VPNs, fast re-route
• Outer label used to route/switch the MPLS packets in the network
• Allows building services such asMPLS VPNs
Traffic engineering and fast re-route
VPNs over traffic engineered core
Any transport over MPLSInner Label
Outer Label
IP Header
TE LabelTE Label
IGP LabelIGP Label
VPN LabelVPN Label
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2212:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2312:24
MPLS Features ...
That’s all nice but ...
How can you make money with it?
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2412:24
Metro Solutions –Architectural flexibility, service transparency
L3 VPNL2 VPN
TDM PL
GigE PL
Wavelength
Storage
Residential Data/Voice/Video
Enterprise VoIP
Internet Access
L2 VPN L3 VPNInternet Access
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2512:24
In what room do you want me to put it?
with enough fiber you could do anything?
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2612:24
MPLS IP-VPNThe L3 generation of core backbone
MPLSMPLSIPIP--VPNVPN
PSTNISDNBranch
Home
Travel
ADSL/Cable
Branch Home
INTERNET
Services
Regional Site
LL
Frame-RelayATM
Remote Sites
INTERNETBranch
Home
TravelIPSec Central
Site
TDMMUX
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2812:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2912:24
MPLS L2-VPNThe L3 generation of core backbone
Frame-RelayATM
Remote Sites
Frame-RelayATM
Remote Sites
Frame-RelayATM
MPLSMPLSIPIP--VPNVPNL2 VPNL2 VPN
Regional Site
Ethernet
Central Site
Ethernet
Ethernet
RegionalSite
Central Site
Ethernet
Regional Sites
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3012:24
What Is a VPN?
• VPN is a set of sites which are allowed to communicate with each other
• VPN is defined by a set of administrative policiesPolicies determine both connectivity and QoS among sites
Policies established by VPN customers
Policies could be implemented completely by VPN service providers
Using BGP/MPLS VPN mechanisms
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3112:24
MPLS-based IP-VPN Architecture
• Scalable VPNs
• IP QoS and traffic engineering
• Easy to manage and No VC provisioning required
• Provides a level of Security equivalent to Frame-relay and ATM
• Supports the deployment of new value-added applications
• Customer IP address freedom
MPLSNetwork
Traffic Separation at Layer 3Each VPN Has Unique RD
Traffic Separation at Layer 3Each VPN Has Unique RD
MPLS VPN RenaultMPLS VPN Renault
MPLS VPN Bankcorp MPLS VPN Bankcorp
VPN ASite 2
VPN ASite 3
Corp ASite 1
Corp BSite 2
Corp BSite 1Corp B
Site 3
VPN Membership-Based on Logical Port
VPN Membership-Based on Logical Port
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3212:24
Using Labels to Build an IP VPN
• The network distributes labels to each VPNOnly labels for other VPN members are distributedEach VPN is provisioned automatically by IP routing
• Privacy and QoS of ATM without tunnels or encryptionEach network is as secure as a Frame Relay connection
• One mechanism (labels) for QoS and VPNs—no tradeoffs
Cust ACust ACust ACust A
Cust ACust A
Cust BCust B
Cust BCust B
MPLSNetwork
B-----------
B-----------
A-----------
A-----------
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3312:24
VPN A
VPN B
VPN C VPN A VPN BVPN C
VPN A
VPN B
VPN CVPN A
VPN C
VPN B
HostingMulticast
VoIP
Intranet
Extranet
Service Provider Benefitsof MPLS-Based VPNs
• Overlay VPNPushes content outside the networkCosts scale exponentiallyTransport dependentGroups endpoints, not groupsComplex overlay with QoS, tunnels, IP
• MPLS-based VPNsEnables content hosting inside the network“Flat” cost curveTransport independentEasy grouping of users and servicesEnables QoS inside the VPNs
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3512:24
MPLS Based IP-VPN Security
Cisco MPLS based VPNs: Equivalent to the Security of Frame Relay and ATM
Security
http://www.mier.com/reports/cisco/MPLS-VPNs.pdf
Miercom, March 30, 2001
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3612:24
Validating Cisco MPLS Based IP-VPN as a Secure Network
Security
Miercom independent testing confirmed Cisco MPLS VPN is secure:
Customers network topology is not revealed to the outside world
Customers can maintain own addressing plans and the freedom to use either public or private address space
Attackers cannot gain access into VPNs or Service Provider’s network
Impossible for attacker to insert “spoofed” label into a Cisco MPLS network and thus gain access to a VPN or the MPLS core
RED-Glascow2611
100.200.200.104
3.4.4.4
10.4.4.4
SER 5/0:0100.200.104.1
POS 1/0100.200.106.2
T1 FRdlci 102
eBGP AS72 T1 FRdlci 104RIP v2
Ser 3/0100.200.102.1
SiSi
SiSi
SER 1/0:0100.200.104.2
ATM2/0/0100.200.111.1
SER 1/0/1:0100.200.110.1
POS 2/1/0100.200.112.2
3.5.5.5
RED-Dover1750
100.200.200.10910.3.3.3
T1 FRdlci 109RIP v2T1 FR
dlci 110Static
10.3.3.3
DOVER7505
100.200.200.112
ATM1/0100.200.111.2
Ser 0100.200.109.2
BLUE-Dover2611
100.200.200.110 YELLOW-Dover3640
100.200.200.111
Ser 1/0100.200.110.2
Ser 5/0:0100.200.101.1
BLUE-Oxford1750
100.200.200.101
Ser 0100.200.101.2
T1 FRdlci 101
OSPF
10.4.4.4
pvc 0/11eBGP AS71
BLUE-Glascow3640
100.200.200.105
SER 1/0/0:0100.200.109.1
ATM1/0100.200.105.2
10.5.5.5
ATM 1/0100.200.105.1
pvc 1/1OS PF
OC3 POS
GLASCOW7206
100.200.200.106
OXFORD7206
100.200.200.103
LONDONGSR12008
100.200.200.107
POS 1/0100.200.103.1POS 1/1
100.200.106.1
POS 1/0100.200.112.1
POS 2/0100.200.110.1
OC3 POSOC3 POS
YELLOW-Oxford3640
100.200.200.102
Ser 0/0100.200.102.2
SiSi
POS 2/0100.200.103.2
Test Network Topology
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3812:24
Key Features (Cont.)
• Connectivity to the Internet:VPN service providers may also provide connectivity to the Internet to its VPN customers
Common infrastructure is used for both VPN and the Internet connectivity services
• Simplifies operations and management for VPN service providers:
No need for VPN service providers to set up and manage a separate backbone or “virtual backbone” for each VPN
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3912:24
BGP/MPLS VPN—Summary
• Supports large scale VPN service
• Increases value add by the VPN service provider
• Decreases service provider cost of providing VPN services
• Mechanisms are general enough to enable VPN service provider to support a wide range of VPN customers
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4012:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4112:24
Ethernet Virtual Circuit – EoMPLS
EnterpriseCampus
A Ethernet Mapped Circuit
Access (L2)Ethernet
Access (L2)Ethernet
Access (L2)Ethernet
Access (L2)Ethernet
CoreMPLSCoreMPLS
Ethernet CircuitEoMPLS Tunnel in Core Enterprise
CampusB
MPLS
10/100/GigabitEthernet
10/100/GigabitEthernet
To the Enterprise this network isa pair of Pt to Pt 10/100/Gbit Bridged Ethernet Links
A B
MPLS PECisco 7600
MPLS PECisco 7600
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4212:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4312:24
VPLS ( Transparent LAN Services)
• Point to Multipoint Service
• Multipoint to Multipoint Service
• The network will simulate a L2 switch
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4412:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4512:24
L2 Transport: AToM|<|<-------------------- ES:FR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLC ES:FR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLC -------------------->|>|
|<|<------------ PW:Emulated VC PW:Emulated VC ------------>|>||<|<---- FR FR ---->| >| EthernetEthernet
ATM/PPP/HDLCATM/PPP/HDLC
|<|<----FR FR ---->| >| EthernetEthernet
ATM/PPP/HDLCATM/PPP/HDLC
ES ES Emulated Services:Emulated Services: FR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLCFR/Ether/ATM/PPP/HDLC
Attachment VCAttachment VC (AVC)(AVC):: FR DLCI/Ethernet VLAN/ATM PVC/PPP/HDLCFR DLCI/Ethernet VLAN/ATM PVC/PPP/HDLC
PW PW PseudoPseudo--Wire: Emulated VC Wire: Emulated VC (EVC)(EVC):: MPLS LSPMPLS LSP
PSN PSN Packet Switched Network Packet Switched Network (Tunnel)(Tunnel):: MPLS LSP or RSVPMPLS LSP or RSVP--TETE
IP Network
MPLS Core
Attachment VC /Attachment VC /L2 circuitL2 circuit
Attachment VC /Attachment VC /L2 circuitL2 circuit
Attachment VC /Attachment VC /L2 circuitL2 circuit
Site1A
Site 2A
Attachment VC /Attachment VC /L2 circuit L2 circuit
PE1 Site1B
Site 2B
PE2
AToM Reference ModelAToM Reference Model
CE 1A
CE 2A
CE 1B
CE 2B
PSN Tunnel: MPLS TunnelPSN Tunnel: MPLS Tunnel
MPLS (LSP or RSVPMPLS (LSP or RSVP--TE)TE)
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4612:24
Any Transport over MPLSAToM
Service Provider
FR Cust
IPoFR cust
LSREdge-LSR
DLCI 202
DLCI 101
Example: Frame Relay over MPLS
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4712:24
Transports over MPLSAToM
• Ethernet
• 802.1Q (Ethernet VLAN)
• Frame Relay PDU
• ATM AAL5 PDU
• ATM cells (non AAL5 mode)
• Cisco HDLC
• PPP
draft-martini-l2circuit-trans-mpls-05.txtdraft-martini-l2circuit-encap-mpls-01.txt
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4812:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4912:24
Why Traffic Engineering?
• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patternsElection news, online trading, major sports events
• Better utilization of available bandwidthRoute on the non-shortest path
• Route around failed links/nodesFast rerouting around failures, transparently to usersLike SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)
• Build new services—Virtual leased line servicesVoIP toll-bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees
• Capacity planningTE improves aggregate availability of the network
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
R8 R2
R6
R3R4
R7
R5
R1
IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost RoutingFlows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become IndistinguishableFrom R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route
Alternate Path Under-Utilized
IP Routing and the Fish
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5212:24
Solution: Toll Bypass with Voice/Data Converged Network
PE
CE
PSTN –Traditional TDM
Network
Enterprise LAN
Enterprise LAN
Toll Bypass
QoS on PE Router
Solution Requirements
Mapping Traffic to Tunnels
DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering
QoS on Core Routers
CE
QoS on CE Router
PEGB Tunnel
PBX with Circuit Emulation Interface
+ + + =⇒
Class 5legacy
switches
Fast Reroute in the core
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5312:24
DiffServ Aware TE Virtual Leased Line
PE
Central Office
Traditional Telephony
Toll Bypass
PE
VoIPGateway
VoIP Gateway
MPLS Network
PE PERegular TE
TunnelCEEnterprise
LANPE PE
Voice TrunkingVoice Trunking
VPN ServiceVPN Service
Internet ServiceInternet Service Enterprise LAN
Internet Access Router
Internet Access Router
Enterprise LAN
Class 5 LegacyswitchesPSTN—
Traditional TDM Network Central
OfficeTraditional Telephony
GB Tunnel
CEEnterprise
LAN
GB-TE TunnelRegular TE TunnelPhysical Link
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5512:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 56
What Is Fast Reroute?
Definition
Fast ReRoute (FRR) is a link or node protection feature, allowing for temporary bypassing of the failed link or node over a preestablished tunnel, while the head-end is rerouting the failed LSP
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6012:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6112:24
Carrier Supporting Carrier& Inter-Provider Access
Carrier Supporting Carrier• Hierarchical relationship• Opportunity: Offer backbone services to peer or smaller carriers
Inter-Provider Access• Peer relationship• Opportunity: Provide carrier services on behalf of other carriers
Backbone Carrier
CustomerCarriers
Carrier A
Carrier B
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6212:24
Inter-AS VPN Using VRF-to-VRF Design (Cont.)
ASBRs collect the client VPN routes through configured VRFs.Adjacent ASBR is seen as a CE through separate logical interface.Dedicated IPv4 routing session per VRF – usually eBGP.
VRF-to-VRF Connections Between AS Border Routers
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6312:24
Inter-AS VPN Using VRF-to-VRF Design (Cont.)
•VPN routing information distributed across inter-AS network
VPN Routing Distribution Between MPLS VPN Backbones
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6412:24
Inter-AS VPN Using VRF-to-VRF Design (Cont.)
Data flow: Label switching within AS and IP forwarding on Inter-AS link
Data Flow – Label Switching and IP Forwarding
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 65
MPLS VPN Enabled ISP Connected Across Standard Carrier (Cont.)
Customer Carrier is Not Running MPLS (Cont.)
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66
MPLS VPN Enabled ISP Connected Across Standard Carrier (Cont.)
Customer Carrier is Running MPLS (Cont.)
IBGP
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6712:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6812:24
Receiver 4Receiver 4
B1
D
FF
CECE
A
CECE
CECE
High bandwidth multicast source
Receiver 3Receiver 3
Receiver 2Receiver 2
C
CECE
CECE
MPLS VPNMPLS VPNCore Core
CECE
Receiver 1Receiver 1
EE
PEPEBPEPE
PEPE
EE
PEPEA
PEPED
C
Multicast VPN (MVPN)
Join highbandwidth source
Join highbandwidth source
• A Default MDT is created connecting all the PE’s within a VPN for signaling and low bandwidth flows
• Customer CE devices joins the MPLS Core through provider’s PE devices
• Data-MDT is formed for this High-Bandwidth source
• A High-bandwidth source for that customer starts sending traffic
• Interested receivers 1 & 2 join that High Bandwidth source
CECE
DataDataMDTMDT
For High Bandwidth traffic only.
DefaultDefaultMDTMDTFor low
Bandwidth & control
traffic only.
B2
San Francisco
San Francisco
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
DallasDallas
New YorkNew York
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6912:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7012:24
Backbone and Edge QoS Design
Availability• Loss rate• Latency• Jitter• Throughput
• Loss rate• Latency• Jitter
• Subsecond Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) convergence
• Sub-100 ms Fast Reroute (FRR)• High availability
Scope
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 71
Backbone and Edge QoS Design (Cont.)
• An MPLS packet carries two (or more) DiffServ markings.
• Three modes of interaction are defined between markings: Uniform, Pipe, and Short Pipe.
• Modes are only relevant when a label is popped/pushed.
QoS Transparency
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7212:24
Backbone and Edge QoS Design (Cont.)QoS Transparency: Uniform Mode
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7512:24
Backbone and Edge QoS Design (Cont.)
QoS Transparency: Pipe Mode
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7812:24
Backbone and Edge QoS Design (Cont.)
QoS Transparency: Short Pipe Mode
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8112:24
Agenda MPLS Overview
1. Evolution of MPLS2. Technology Basics3. Label Distribution in MPLS Networks4. MPLS-Based Services (Business Opportunities)
4.1 BGP MPLS VPNs4.2 EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS)4.3 VPLS (virtual private lan services)4.4 ATOM (any transport over MPLS)4.5 Traffic Engineering4.7 Fast Reroute4.7 Carrier Supporting Carrier4.8 Multicast VPN´s4.9 QoS
5. Summary
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8212:24
MPLS: The Key Technology for IP Service Delivery
• Network-based VPNs with MPLS:a foundation for value-added service delivery
Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz)Flexibility of IP and the QoS and privacy of ATMEnables application and content hosting inside each VPNTransport independentLow provisioning costs enable affordable managed services
IPServices
IPServices
ATMServices
ATMServices
IP+ATM SwitchIP+ATM Switch
PNNIPNNI MPLSMPLS
IPIP• IP+ATM: MPLS brings IP and ATM together
Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexityOne network for Internet, Business IP VPNs, and transport
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8312:24
MPLS: The Key Technology for IP Service Delivery
• Guaranteed bandwidth servicesCombine MPLS traffic engineering and QoSDeliver point-to-point bandwidth guaranteed pipesLeverage the capability of traffic engineeringBuild solution like virtual leased line and toll trunking
• MPLS traffic engineeringProvides routing on diverse paths to avoid congestionBetter utilization of the networkBetter availability using protection solution (FRR)
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8412:24
MPLS: The Key Technology for IP Service Delivery
• IP+Optical: MPLS brings IP and Optical togetherEliminates IP “over” optical complexityUses MPLS as a control plane for setting up lightpaths (wavelengths)One control plane for Internet (GMPLS), business IP VPNs, and Optical transport
• Any transport over MPLSTransport ATM, FR, Ethernet, PPP over MPLSProvide services to existing installed baseProtect Investment in the installed gearLeverage capabilities of the packet coreCombine with other packet-based services such as MPLS VPNs
FrameRelay
ATM
FrameRelay
IPServices
IPServices
OpticalServicesOptical
Services
IP+Optical SwitchIP+Optical Switch
O-UNIO-UNI MPLSMPLS
IPIP
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8512:24
Literature
MPLS and VPN ArchitecturesIvan PepelnjakJim Guichard
ISBN 1-58705-002-1
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8712:24
MPLS Features ...
That’s all nice but ...
How does this help me for my datacenter ?
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8812:24
Inter-Data Center Connectivity
Distributed Data Centers
Customer StrategiesMapping Customer Problems to Cisco Solutions
Data Center Solution Set
Data Center
DataSecurity
Highly Availability
Infrastructure
Storage Network
Application/Server Optimization
Strategies
•• Server, Application and DC Server, Application and DC consolidationconsolidation
•• Migration to Web AppsMigration to Web Apps•• Comprehensive SecurityComprehensive Security•• Services ModelServices Model•• Storage ConsolidationStorage Consolidation•• Business Continuance & Business Continuance & Disaster RecoveryDisaster Recovery
Data CenterCenterNetworking
© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8912:24
Data Center Networking
Data Center Infrastructure Server &
ApplicationOptimization
StorageNetworkingData Center
Security
DistributedData Centers
Campus Core
InternetISP A
Primary Data Center
Distributed Data Center
InternetSP B
Intranet
SP AIP Network
Externalprotection
Server farm protection
Internalprotection
IP NetworkPrimary
Data CenterDistributedData Center
ISP B