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MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS OF RA 9003 OR ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000
DUMPSITE CLOSURE AND SANITARY LANDFILLING
Engr. Eli T. Ildefonso, MPA, MEMD Deputy Executive Director, NSWMC Secretariat
OUTLINE • 1. Defini1on of Sanitary Landfill • 2. Cross-‐sec1on of SLF • 3. Categories of SLF • 4. Basis of Categoriza1on of SLF • 5. Guidelines, Standard and Criteria in si1ng, and designing SLF
• 6. Opera1ng Measures • 7. Key elements in the Closure and Rehabilita1on of Disposal Facili1es
• 8. Components of Closure and Rehabilita1on Plan • 9. Conclusion
Sanitary landfilling is a method of disposing the wastes on land, by which the wastes are compacted and covered at the end of each day. The design and opera1on of which requires the use of several disciplines. Its establishment would also require a certain amount of planning as well as the construc1on of roadways and other infrastructure. U.S. Environmental Protec1on Agency (EPA), defined it as an engineered method of disposing solid waste on land.
SANITARY LANDFILL
General Cross-‐Sec.on of a Sanitary Landfill
Groundwater
compacted S o l i d W a s t e
Leachate
Max. Fill Depth 10 m
Clay Liner
Gravel Liner
Soil Cover
Groundwater Monitoring
Gas-‐Monitoring
At least 2 m
to water treatment
Leachate pipes to waste treatment
Features Category 1
≤ 15 tpd
Category 2
> 15 tpd, ≤ 75 tpd
Category 3
> 75 tpd, ≤ 200 tpd
Category 4
> 200 tpd
Daily & Intermediate Soil Cover
X X X X
Embankment/ Cell Separa.on X X X X
Drainage Facility X X X X
Gas Ven.ng X X X X
Minimum Features For Disposal Category Levels
RRRollan 2005
Features Category 1
≤ 15 tpd
Category 2
> 15 tpd, ≤ 75 tpd
Category 3
> 75 tpd, ≤ 200 tpd
Category 4
> 200 tpd
Leachate Collec+on
x
x x x
Leachate Treatment
Pond System
Pond system
Pond System
Combina1on of physical, biological & chemical
Leachate Re-‐circula+on
At a later stage of opera1on
At a later stage of opera1on
At a later stage of opera1on
Treatment
RRRollan 2005
Minimum Features For Disposal Category Levels
Features Category 1 ≤ 15 tpd
Category 2 > 15 tpd, ≤ 75
tpd
Category 3 > 75 tpd, ≤ 200 tpd
Category 4 > 200 tpd
Liner
Clay liner
At least 60 cm thick,
permeability of 10-‐5 cm /
sec
At least 75 cm thick, permeability of 10-‐6 cm/sec
Clay liner and/or synthe1c liner
Clay liner at least 75 cm thick with a permeability of 10-‐7 cm/sec or 1.5 HDPE over 60 cm clay with permeability no less than 10-‐6 cm/sec
Clay liner at least 75 cm thick with a permeability of 10-‐7 cm/sec or 1.5 mm HDPE over 60 cm clay with permeability no less than 10-‐7cm/sec RRRollan 2005
Minimum Features For Disposal Category Levels
• Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste • Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided at the later stage of operation • soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-5 cm/sec
Disposal Category 1
Drainage Facility
Perimeter Fence Embankment
Daily and intermediate soil cover
Gas Venting
Pond System
Leachate Recirculation
Pump
60cm thick soil layer
• Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste • Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided at the later stage of operation • Soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-6 cm/sec
Disposal Category 2
Perimeter Fence Embankment
Daily and intermediate soil cover
Drainage Facility
Gas Venting
Pond System
Leachate Recirculation
Pump
75cm thick soil layer
Disposal Category 3
Perimeter Fence Embankment
Daily and intermediate soil cover
Gas Venting
Pond System
Leachate Recirculation
Pump
75cm thick clay liner
Drainage Facility
• Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste • Leachate collection pipes and re-circulation system be provided at the later stage of operation • Soil liner/layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec or an HDPE Liner (1.5mm thickness) over a 60cm thick clay layer with permeability of 10-6 cm/sec
Disposal Category 4
Perimeter Fence Embankment
Daily and intermediate soil cover
Gas Venting
Leachate Treatment
Leachate Recirculation
Pump
75cm thick clay liner
Drainage Facility
• Cell Separation System for inert and stable residual waste • Leachate treatment will be a combination of physical, biological and chemical • clay liner/layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec or an HDPE Liner (1.5mm thickness) over a 60cm thick clay layer with permeability of 10-7 cm/sec
Basis for the Categorized Disposal
• Consistent with the objec1ves of Sec1ons 37, 40, 41 and 42 of Act which respec1vely refer to the Closure of Open Dumps, Criteria for Si1ng, Establishment and the Opera1on of Sanitary Landfills
• The development requirements is ra1onalized based on the net residual waste genera1on of the LGUs
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in Si1ng and Designing
Sanitary Landfills
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
1. Loca1on of facility consistent with overall land use plan;
2. Site is accessible from major roadways and thoroughfares;
3. Site shall have adequate quan1ty of earth cover materials;
4. Site is not located within 2 kms of an airport runway, since this pose a bird hazard to aircraes
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
5. Loca1on of public water supply intakes located within one (1) km from the facility, shall be shown on a facility map;
6. Facility is not constructed within 75 meters from known recent ac1ve fault;
7. If significant archeological and cultural resources are present at the site, such resources shall be protected and preserved;
8. If site is a habitat of listed endangered species, mi1ga1on measures for protec1on of the species shall be included;
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
9. Site is chosen with regard to the sensi1vi1es of the residents;
10. Leachate collec1on and removal system shall be provided
11. Leachate storage facili1es provided with containment system to prevent leachate from spillage and its migra1on;
12. Land fills shall be provided with base liner system consis1ng of clay and/or geo-‐synthe1c membranes;
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
13. Site located in area where the landfill’s opera1on will not detrimentally affect environmentally sensi1ve resources;
14. Design of the landfill shall be sta1cally stable; 15. Separa1on of at least 2 meters shall be
maintained between top of the liner system and underlying groundwater;
16. Temporary impoundment for drainage run-‐off shall be provided;
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
17. Site shall be large enough to accommodate the community’s waste for a period of five (5) years;
18. Site chosen shall facilitate developing a landfill that will sa1sfy budgetary constraints;
19. Opera1ng plans shall include provisions for coordina1ng with recycling and resource recovery projects;
20. Designa1on of a separate containment area for household hazardous wastes;
Guidelines, Standards and Criteria in si1ng and Designing Sanitary Landfills:
21. Gas control system shall be provided when the volume of waste in the landfill has reached 0.5 million metric tons;
22. Groundwater monitoring wells shall be placed at appropriate loca1ons and depth;
23. Soil Cover shall consist of at least 6 inches in thickness applied at the end of each workday;
24. Closure of the landfill shall be completed within one (1) year of cessa1on of landfill opera1on; Post-‐closure care shall be for a periods fieeen (15) years
Opera1onal Measures • Provision for an impermeable liner • Daily applica1on of soil cover • Installa1on of diversion canals for run-‐off’s • Upstream and downstream groundwater monitoring wells
• Fill sequence plan • Due diligence in the transport of wastes
Opera1onal Measures
• Promo1on of recovery schemes for recyclables and reusables
• Scheduled waste picking schedules • Conduct of periodic compliance monitoring
• Implementa1on of informa1on campaign
Perimeter Fence Preven1ng Waste Liiering
Site Survey
Applica1on of Soil Cover
Leachate Collec1on Pipe Drainage System
Gas Collec1on Pipe Leachate Collec1on Pond
Access Roads to Disposal Site
Groundwater Monitoring
Waste/Slope Stabiliza1on
Compaction & Soil Cover
Leachate Treatment Perforated Pipe with stone
band filter
Degassing Facility
Why Landfill? • Impossible to envision the scenario of zero waste;
• Waste will con1nue to be generated and con1nue to grow with increasing economic development and rising standards of living; and
• Waste cannot be eliminated in its en1rety with current technology (4Rs) and available resources; and
• Even with intensive efforts, significant quan11es of waste s1ll go to landfills
Key Elements in the Rehabilita1on and Closure of Disposal Facili1es
• Land Use Plan – Eco-‐Parks – Recrea1on Area
• Applica1on of Final Cover – Final and impervious layer of clay or synthe1c material – Grading of the final cover – Prevent escape of gas underneath – Reduce infiltra1on of water into landfill cells – Prevent the prolifera1on of pests and vermins – Vegeta1on to control erosion
• Drainage System – Surface water intercep1on ditches – Underdrain system to intercept groundwater flows
Key Elements in the Rehabilita1on and Closure of Disposal Facili1es
• Leachate Management – Canals and ditches to intercept leachate on the surface
– interceptor trench for leachate below ground – Leachate collec1on and treatment pond – Regular water test/analysis
• Gas Management – Installa1on of landfill gas collec1on – Containment engineering (lateral and capping) to retard gas migra1on
– Landfill gas extrac1on when necessary
Key Elements in the Rehabilita1on and Closure of Disposal Facili1es
• Security Fence – Access restric1on from unauthorized personnel/individuals
• Environmental Monitoring – Surface water – Groundwater – Leachate – Landfill gas – Air Quality – Noise
.
CONCLUSION
• The final considera1on in any solid waste management system is the manner by which waste is ul1mately disposed of. In most cases once solid waste has been disposed of, any further recovery of materials and/or energy
becomes prohibi1vely expensive, if not en1rely impossible to carry out. Hence, recovery must be considered prior to the implementa1on of
final waste deposi1on
Thank You! Office of the Secretariat
Na.onal Solid Waste Management Commission 2nd Flr., HRD Bldg., DENR Compound, Visayas Ave., Diliman,
Quezon City, 1116 h>p://www.emb.gov.ph/nswmc and h>p://www.denr.gov.ph/nswmc
(02) 9202252/ (02) 9202279) [email protected] or [email protected]