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Early Civilizations of the Ancient Middle East

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What is Important? Societies transition from... simple agricultural equalitarian...... to Kingdoms and Empires Religion animism....... polytheism (monotheism) Religion becomes a source and tool of power.

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What is important? Technology Copper...... Iron Mathematics Language Military organization and logistics weapons (design and materials) swords bows chariots

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What is Important? Patriarchy Gender relations

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5000 450040003500300025002000150010005000 Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Hieroglyphics + Linear B+ Linear A + Phoenician Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Copper + cuneiform + Bronze Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Iron Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians Copper Development of Towns Development of towns Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - - - - Classical - - - Phoenicians c. 4300 Uruk copper plows potters wheel Sumarian Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Hittite Empire Judah / Israel Sumerian culture / Empire Akkadian Babalonian Empire Egypt Assyrian Empire Hittites + Iron Greeks Archaic - - - - - - - Classical Phoenicians

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Cuneiform Akkadian Hittite Sumerian Old Persian

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Linear A (currently undeciphered) Minoan

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Mycenaean Greek Linear A

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Egyptian Hieroglyphics

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Produced 196 BCE Re-discovered in 1799 Translated 1803 - 1822 Hieroglyphs Demotic Ancient Greek

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Phoenician Greek

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Ancient Writing Systems Middle East Cuneiform3,200 BCE 100 C Egyptian Hieroglyphics3,200 BCE 400 CE Demotic 650 BCE 400 CE Linear A1,900 1,450 BCE Linear B1,450 1,150 BCE Phoenician1,050 BCE c. 200 BCE Greek800 BCE Present Latin700 BCE Present

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