early encounters: two worlds meet essential question what brought explorers and settlers to the...
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Early Encounters:
Two Worlds Meet
Essential Question
What brought explorers and settlers to the Pacific Northwest, and how did their arrival affect native cultures?
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Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest
The Coastal PeopleSalish
ChinookMakah
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• The Coastal people lived in homes of cedar.
• The basic social unit was the extended family.• Wealth was important to social ranking.• A wealthy family might own more canoes, tools,
weapons, and animal skins. They also had slaves.
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Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest
The Plateau People• Plateau tribes were divided into two main language groups.
• The Salish-speaking tribes of the northern plateau:
• The Spokane, Kalispel, Coeur d’Alene, Colville, Okanagon, Columbia, and Wenatchee
• Tribes of the southern plateau:– The Nez Perce, Yakama, Palouse, Klickitat, Kittitas, Umatilla, and Wanapum
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• Plateau people lived in pit houses and then in tule houses after the early 1800s.
• Men and women had defined roles, but there was a great deal of equality between them.
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A Changing Way of Life
• Coastal and Plateau tribes traded with each other.
• Trade enriched their lives but also spread deadly germs and diseases.
Smallpox
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• Horses were brought to Mexico by Spanish explorers and made their way to most Plateau tribes by 1750.
• Horses made traveling, gathering, and hunting much easier.
• Greed for horses increased the scale of violence.
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European Explorers
Christopher Columbus was searching for a shorter route to Asia when he discovered America.
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Juan de Fuca explored the Pacific Coast.
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Captain James Cook’s crew discovered they could make money trading furs in China.
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Robert Gray discovered the Columbia River and claimed it for the United States.
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George Vancouver claimed all the land on both sides of the Columbia River for Great Britain.
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Lewis and Clark
• President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France.
• Jefferson chose Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark to explore the Louisiana Purchase.
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• The men and their Crew traveled from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean.
• The men kept journals, drew maps, and collected plants.
• The explorers arrived in St. Louis over two years after they started.
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American Fur Traders
• The first American trading post was established by the Pacific Fur Company.
• The Pacific Fur Company was a subsidiary of the American Fur Company.
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• Jonathan Thorn sailed with a crew from New York to the Pacific Coast.
• They ran into many problems sailing into the Columbia River.
• Thorn and his men made local Indians angry and were killed.
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British Fur Traders
• The Hudson’s Bay Company controlled the fur trade in Canada and in the Oregon Country.
Dr. John McLoughlin built Fort Vancouver.
• Fort Vancouver grew and people came from all over.
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Popularity of Furs
• Trappers and Indians met at forts to trade furs and supplies.
• The fur in demand was the beaver pelt.
• The furs were shipped to London, where they were made into felt.
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• The felt was made into hats.
• By the late 1840s, the fur era was over and beavers had been trapped almost to extinction.
= About 0
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Christian Missionaries
• Four Indian men asked to learn more about the Christian religion.
• Methodist missionaries were the first to answer the request.
• Catholic priests came at the request of members of the Hudson’s Bay Company.
• Over time, many Indians were baptized Catholic.
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• Marcus and Narcissa Whitman began a Presbyterian mission.
• The Whitman’s adopted the 7 Sager children who lost their parents on the Oregon Trail.
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Changes in the Native Culture
• Many changes were brought when explorers and settlers came to the Pacific Northwest.
• Some Indians welcomed the change, but many did not.