early middle ages: life in western europe after the fall of the roman empire
TRANSCRIPT
Early Middle Ages:Life in Western Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire
Early Middle Ages:Life in Western Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire
After the Roman Empire...After the Roman Empire...After the Roman Empire...After the Roman Empire...
After the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, it lead to great change in Western Europe.
Western Europe became fragmented (or broken up) into smaller Germanic kingdoms.
After the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, it lead to great change in Western Europe.
Western Europe became fragmented (or broken up) into smaller Germanic kingdoms.
Germanic kingdomsGermanic kingdomsGermanic kingdomsGermanic kingdoms
The Germanic tribes could not read or write so learning declined
The Germanic tribes carried on a rich oral tradition of songs and legends but usually no written language
No common language as Latin began to change from region to region to evolve into the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, etc.)
The Germanic tribes could not read or write so learning declined
The Germanic tribes carried on a rich oral tradition of songs and legends but usually no written language
No common language as Latin began to change from region to region to evolve into the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, etc.)
Christianity ExpandsChristianity ExpandsChristianity ExpandsChristianity Expands
The Germanic tribes converted to Christianity
forced conquered people to convert also
To adapt to the new rural conditions of the Germanic kingdoms, the Church built monasteries
The Germanic tribes converted to Christianity
forced conquered people to convert also
To adapt to the new rural conditions of the Germanic kingdoms, the Church built monasteries
Roles of the ChurchRoles of the ChurchRoles of the ChurchRoles of the ChurchMonasteries were religious communities for monks and nuns
Monks and nuns were considered to be servants of God
Spent life dedicated to committing good works, hard work, and prayer
Were some of the few educated and opened schools
Also were sources of medical care
Monasteries were religious communities for monks and nuns
Monks and nuns were considered to be servants of God
Spent life dedicated to committing good works, hard work, and prayer
Were some of the few educated and opened schools
Also were sources of medical care
Monasteries maintained Monasteries maintained libraries which became libraries which became
sources for the sources for the preservation of Greco-preservation of Greco-
Roman studies. Roman studies. Mostly focused on Mostly focused on Christian studies Christian studies
though. though. Copied books by hand.Copied books by hand.
Monasteries maintained Monasteries maintained libraries which became libraries which became
sources for the sources for the preservation of Greco-preservation of Greco-
Roman studies. Roman studies. Mostly focused on Mostly focused on Christian studies Christian studies
though. though. Copied books by hand.Copied books by hand.
Pope Gregory I and Canon Pope Gregory I and Canon LawLaw
Pope Gregory I and Canon Pope Gregory I and Canon LawLaw
Pope Gregory I
Expanded the papal power (power of the pope) to be involved with politics
Used church money to do the following:
raise armies
repair roads
helped the poor
Under his guidance, the church became involved with law and judgment
Everyone had to follow canon law, or law of the church
Pope Gregory I
Expanded the papal power (power of the pope) to be involved with politics
Used church money to do the following:
raise armies
repair roads
helped the poor
Under his guidance, the church became involved with law and judgment
Everyone had to follow canon law, or law of the church
Structure of the ChurchStructure of the ChurchStructure of the ChurchStructure of the Church
Church had own organization based on status
Different ranks of clergy, or religious officials
priest, bishop, cardinal, etc.
Performed sacraments, or religious ceremonies
system became corrupt over the years as clergyman charged a fee for performing indulgences
this meant a person paid for forgiveness for their sins
Church had own organization based on status
Different ranks of clergy, or religious officials
priest, bishop, cardinal, etc.
Performed sacraments, or religious ceremonies
system became corrupt over the years as clergyman charged a fee for performing indulgences
this meant a person paid for forgiveness for their sins
Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:
What did Pope Gregory I do What did Pope Gregory I do with the power of the church?with the power of the church?What did Pope Gregory I do What did Pope Gregory I do
with the power of the church?with the power of the church?
The The FranksFranks
The The FranksFranks
They were a Germanic kingdom who had control over the area known as
Gaul.They helped bring
Christianity to all of Western Europe.
They were a Germanic kingdom who had control over the area known as
Gaul.They helped bring
Christianity to all of Western Europe.
Clovis and ChristianityClovis and ChristianityClovis and ChristianityClovis and Christianity
Clovis, ruler of the Franks, converted to Christianity
Aligned his kingdom with the Church
Began a model of partnership between monarchs and the Church
Clovis, ruler of the Franks, converted to Christianity
Aligned his kingdom with the Church
Began a model of partnership between monarchs and the Church
Charles MartelCharles MartelCharles MartelCharles MartelCharles Martel was a Frankish military and political leader
Helped expand the land controlled by the Franks
Led forces at the Battle of Tours against the Moors in 732
Preserved Christianity as the main religion of Europe
Charles Martel was a Frankish military and political leader
Helped expand the land controlled by the Franks
Led forces at the Battle of Tours against the Moors in 732
Preserved Christianity as the main religion of Europe
Carolingian Dynasty (751-Carolingian Dynasty (751-987)987)
Carolingian Dynasty (751-Carolingian Dynasty (751-987)987)
Charles Martel’s son, Pepin the Short, became king of the Franks
Established the Carolingian Dynasty
Grandson, Charlemagne, became one of the greatest kings in Western Europe
Charles Martel’s son, Pepin the Short, became king of the Franks
Established the Carolingian Dynasty
Grandson, Charlemagne, became one of the greatest kings in Western Europe
Charlemagne (reigned 768-Charlemagne (reigned 768-814)814)
Charlemagne (reigned 768-Charlemagne (reigned 768-814)814)
Expanded Frankish power to control much of Western Europe
Reunited for the first time since the Roman Empire
Credited as the founder of the French and German monarchies
Spread Christianity throughout kingdom
Expanded Frankish power to control much of Western Europe
Reunited for the first time since the Roman Empire
Credited as the founder of the French and German monarchies
Spread Christianity throughout kingdom
Age of CharlemagneAge of CharlemagneAge of CharlemagneAge of Charlemagne
Charlemagne regularly visited every part of kingdom
Limited the power of his nobles (counts)
Was crowned “Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire” on Christmas Day, 800
His rule helped define the culture of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne regularly visited every part of kingdom
Limited the power of his nobles (counts)
Was crowned “Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire” on Christmas Day, 800
His rule helped define the culture of the Middle Ages
Treaty of VerdunTreaty of VerdunTreaty of VerdunTreaty of Verdun
Charlemagne’s son, Louis the Pious, was a weak ruler
Led to conflict over power between grandsons
Civil war ended with the Treaty of Verdun that split the kingdom into 3 separate kingdoms
Central authority began to lose power
Charlemagne’s son, Louis the Pious, was a weak ruler
Led to conflict over power between grandsons
Civil war ended with the Treaty of Verdun that split the kingdom into 3 separate kingdoms
Central authority began to lose power
Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:
What impact did Charlemagne What impact did Charlemagne have on Europe?have on Europe?
What impact did Charlemagne What impact did Charlemagne have on Europe?have on Europe?
Invasions Change Invasions Change Europe ForeverEurope Forever
Invasions Change Invasions Change Europe ForeverEurope Forever
What impact did the invasions of the What impact did the invasions of the Vikings, Magyars, and the Moors have Vikings, Magyars, and the Moors have
on Europe?on Europe?
What impact did the invasions of the What impact did the invasions of the Vikings, Magyars, and the Moors have Vikings, Magyars, and the Moors have
on Europe?on Europe?
Invasions 800-1000Invasions 800-1000Invasions 800-1000Invasions 800-1000
The VikingsThe VikingsThe VikingsThe VikingsAttacked from the north
Attacked with quick speed
They beached their ships, came ashore and attacked, then slipped back out to sea
Greatly frightened the people of Europe - never knew when attack would come
They were also explorers and established colonies in the New World
Built impressive warships
Attacked from the north
Attacked with quick speed
They beached their ships, came ashore and attacked, then slipped back out to sea
Greatly frightened the people of Europe - never knew when attack would come
They were also explorers and established colonies in the New World
Built impressive warships
The MagyarsThe MagyarsThe MagyarsThe Magyars
Excellent horsemen
Attacked from east of the Danube River
Attacked isolated villages
Captured people to sell as slaves
Excellent horsemen
Attacked from east of the Danube River
Attacked isolated villages
Captured people to sell as slaves
The Moors (Muslims)The Moors (Muslims)The Moors (Muslims)The Moors (Muslims)
Conquered Spain
Tried to conquer Western Europe, but lost at the Battle of Tours
Controlled Mediterranean Sea
Conquered Spain
Tried to conquer Western Europe, but lost at the Battle of Tours
Controlled Mediterranean Sea
Effects of the InvasionsEffects of the InvasionsEffects of the InvasionsEffects of the Invasions
Caused widespread disruption and disorder
Most Western Europeans lived in constant danger and fear
Turned to local leaders rather than central authority
Kings were ineffective
Caused widespread disruption and disorder
Most Western Europeans lived in constant danger and fear
Turned to local leaders rather than central authority
Kings were ineffective
FeudalisFeudalismm
FeudalisFeudalismm
System of landholding and governing
Based on mutual obligations - exchange
of protection for services
System of landholding and governing
Based on mutual obligations - exchange
of protection for services
lords
FeudalisFeudalismm
FeudalisFeudalismm
Lords gave fiefs (land) to knights (vassals) in
exchange for military service.
The peasants worked on the land in exchange for
protection against invasion.
Lords gave fiefs (land) to knights (vassals) in
exchange for military service.
The peasants worked on the land in exchange for
protection against invasion.
Manorial SystemManorial SystemManorial SystemManorial System
The manor was the lord’s estate
The manorial system was an economic arrangement that made the manors self-sufficient
Produced everything needed on site
The manor was the lord’s estate
The manorial system was an economic arrangement that made the manors self-sufficient
Produced everything needed on site
Peasants on the ManorPeasants on the ManorPeasants on the ManorPeasants on the ManorLord provided housing, and protection
Peasants (serfs) had to work the land and maintained manor
bound to land on which they worked
Had to pay high amount of taxes
Lived in harsh conditions
Strict class system
Lord provided housing, and protection
Peasants (serfs) had to work the land and maintained manor
bound to land on which they worked
Had to pay high amount of taxes
Lived in harsh conditions
Strict class system
Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:Review Question:
What is feudalism?What is feudalism?What is feudalism?What is feudalism?