RISE OF THE MIDDLE RISE OF THE MIDDLE AGESAGES

What happened to Europe What happened to Europe when Rome fell??when Rome fell??

After the Roman Empire broke up After the Roman Empire broke up Europe was in disorder…BUT WHY??Europe was in disorder…BUT WHY??– 1. Barbarian invasions brought new 1. Barbarian invasions brought new

customs and lifestylescustoms and lifestyles– 2. Social patterns changed (less people 2. Social patterns changed (less people

were wealthy)were wealthy)– 3. Germanic tribes established small 3. Germanic tribes established small

kingdoms throughout present day kingdoms throughout present day Germany and FranceGermany and France

The FRANKSThe FRANKS

Divided France into smaller kingdoms Divided France into smaller kingdoms ruled by mayorsruled by mayors

Pepin II (Pepin the short):Pepin II (Pepin the short): Was the mayor of several kingdomsWas the mayor of several kingdoms Had many children to run these kingdoms Had many children to run these kingdoms

after his deathafter his death Ruled from 751-768 C.E.Ruled from 751-768 C.E. Considered the founder of the Holy Roman Considered the founder of the Holy Roman

EmpireEmpire

CharlemagneCharlemagne

The most famous of Pepin’s sonsThe most famous of Pepin’s sons Reigned from 768 to 814 C.E.Reigned from 768 to 814 C.E. Helped to expand the Roman Catholic Helped to expand the Roman Catholic

Church in Europe (often came to the Church in Europe (often came to the military aide of the pope when attacked by military aide of the pope when attacked by the Byzantium Empire or Moors (Muslims))the Byzantium Empire or Moors (Muslims))

Pope Leo III crowned him “Emperor of the Pope Leo III crowned him “Emperor of the Romans” (problem: no Roman Empire Romans” (problem: no Roman Empire anymore!)anymore!)

CharlemagneCharlemagne

United much of western EuropeUnited much of western Europe Divided empire into regionsDivided empire into regions The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle

(Aachen France today)(Aachen France today) Had scholars write readable BiblesHad scholars write readable Bibles Created librariesCreated libraries Enforced ChristianityEnforced Christianity

Charlemagne with the students and scholars in Aix-la-Chapelle

The Pope begging for Charlemagne’s help against invading attacks

vs

Byzantium churches of the east

Charlemagne Catholic churches of the west

Charlemagne’s empire collapsed mid Charlemagne’s empire collapsed mid 800’s800’s

After Charlemagne’s death relatives After Charlemagne’s death relatives fought amongst themselvesfought amongst themselves

This was the middle of the MIDDLE This was the middle of the MIDDLE AGES or Medieval TimesAGES or Medieval Times

What happened when all these What happened when all these areas were attacking each areas were attacking each

other?other?

Feudalism developed out of:Feudalism developed out of:– people’s need for people’s need for protection against protection against invadersinvaders

– landowners’ need to landowners’ need to defend their propertydefend their property

FeudalismFeudalism

In medieval feudalism, In medieval feudalism, monarchsmonarchs throughout Europe were throughout Europe were able to able to afford protectionafford protection of their empires. of their empires.

SO…they SO…they gave trusted soldiers gave trusted soldiers pieces of landpieces of land (fiefs) (fiefs) in exchangein exchange for their for their promise to defend it and promise to defend it and make it usefulmake it useful (AKA provide food!!) (AKA provide food!!)

Weak governmentsWeak governments = = Need for a Need for a solutionsolution

SOLUTIONSOLUTION FEUDALISM FEUDALISM – Answers the question of how to provide Answers the question of how to provide

security with limited resourcessecurity with limited resources

By the 1000s, most of western By the 1000s, most of western Europe practiced a form of feudalismEurope practiced a form of feudalism

A Medieval Manor

This map illustrates the layout of a typical manor. Each manor was largely self-sufficient, growing or producing all of the basic items needed for food, clothing, and shelter.

Economics of FeudalismEconomics of Feudalism

All the All the relationships were based relationships were based on exchangeon exchange::– The monarch (king) granted land in The monarch (king) granted land in

exchange for managementexchange for management– The nobles granted land and protection The nobles granted land and protection

in exchange for goodsin exchange for goods– The lesser nobles granted protection in The lesser nobles granted protection in

exchange for goodsexchange for goods– The lowest class worked to provide The lowest class worked to provide

goods in exchange for protectiongoods in exchange for protection

Social RolesSocial Roles

Roles:Roles:– LordLord-land owner, usually a noble and -land owner, usually a noble and

sometimes bishopssometimes bishops– VassalVassal-a person given a piece of land by the -a person given a piece of land by the

lordlord– KnightsKnights-tend to be vassals of nobles, given -tend to be vassals of nobles, given

land in exchange to fight and protect land in exchange to fight and protect lord/noblelord/noble

– SerfSerf- translates to slave, but often used to - translates to slave, but often used to describe a peasant. They were workers on describe a peasant. They were workers on lord’s manors and had no legal rightslord’s manors and had no legal rights