ecovillage proposal

A Sustainable Solution for Poverty andDestitution .

ECOVILLAG

E

By Talha Khan

PRESENT SITUATION OF

PAKISTAN

Pakistan China Bangladesh India Sri Lanka Nepal Philippines0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Country

Perc

enta

ge o

f Pop

ulati

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Percentage of population living below US $2.00 a day

Crumbling Housing Infrastructure

Improper Waste Management

Unemployment

Rising Slums

Child Labor

Hunger

This project is concerned with developing an ecoVillage model that can serve as a potential solution to the country’s socio-economic crisis.

What is Ecovillage?A community : Envisioned upon the principles of permaculture, it emphasizes sustainability by mimicking the design of nature. Designed with cutting edge sciences, technologies, and ideas to be self-sufficient in its every need. Extremely low-cost to build and thus easily replicable. Promotes a culture of love and cooperation in a morally decaying society."People recognize that it’s an idea of its time. It’s something that’s showing how

we can live in the future, how we can live more sustainably." Iva Pocock, The Village Project. [1]

The table shows, that the biggest density of ecovillages is found in Sweden as well as in Russia. It was also found, that by the beginning of 2011 Sweden had 19 registered ecovillage initiatives, which are already starting to settle. In Lithuania, Latvia and Belarus the ecovillage movement has just started only in XXI century. Probably also because of this, fewer ecovillages were established, but the number tends to increase. Looking at Poland and Finland one can find both, ecovillages which settled long time ago and those, started their activities at the beginning of XXI century. All in all, during the past 5 years, we can witness a significant increase in the number of ecovillages; a trend that is still continuing.

http://www.balticecovillages.eu/about-ecovillages

As the ecovillage movement grows stronger each day, the number of people living in ecovillages is increasing. In the table below, you will find primary data, which shows the number of people living in ecovillages in respective countries.


Ecovillages are oriented towards creating a community and socio-cultural environment. So far the biggest communities were found in Russia and Sweden. Russia has about 23 known ecovillages. In three of them 100 - 300 people are living, in the rest the number varies from 9 to 90, but the average number of residents is estimated to be around 58 people per village.


Existing Models

ZER0-ENERGY HOMES

ORGANIC FOOD

ENERGY

WASTE RECYCLING

WATERSCHOOL

COTTAGE INDUSTRY

LAW & ORDER

MOSQUE

Components Of

Village

Component 1 Housing

ZERO-ENERGY HOMESIranian born architect, Nader Khalili developed the earthbag system in California as a sustainable, affordable and earthquake-proof housing solution. To build the house bags filled with earth are stacked on top of each other with barbed wire between them to give them incredible strength compared with other types of eco-building. In 1991 he founded the California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture (Cal-Earth), a non-profit research and educational organization, to promote his idea.

This is the first EarthBag structure to receive proper building permits in New York State. A project of Sister Marsha Allen of Rochester, she hopes the students who helped build the structure will join her in Haiti, where she hopes to build many more. – http:// http://www.inspirationgreen.com/earthbag-construction.html

HISTORYThe idea of making walls by stacking bags of sand or earth has been around for at least a century. Originally sand bags were used for flood control and military bunkers because they are easy to transport to where they need to be used, fast to assemble, inexpensive, and effective at their task of warding off both water and bullets.At first natural materials such as burlap were used to manufacture the bags; more recently woven polypropylene has become the preferred material because of its superior strength. The burlap will actually last a bit longer if subjected to sunlight, but it will eventually rot if left damp, whereas polypropylene is unaffected by moisture.Because of this history of military and flood control, the use of sandbags has generally been associated with the construction of temporary structures or barriers. Using sandbags to actually build houses or permanent structures has been a relatively recent innovation.

It was an Iranian-born architect named Nader Khalili who has popularized the notion of building permanent structures with bags filled with earthen materials. His first concept was to fill the bags with moon dust, attending a 1984 NASA symposium for brainstorming ways to build shelters on the moon. Khalili coupled the old sandbag idea with the ancient adobe dome and arch construction methods from his homeland in the Middle East. He realized that bags filled with "dirt" could be stacked into domes or vaults to provide a more permanent, shock-resistant structure by placing strands of barbed wire between the courses of bags, thus unifying the shell into a more monolithic structure.

http://www.earthbagbuilding.com/history.htm

How durable is it?The Cold

Earthbag shouldn’t be built in freezing temperatures. With super adobe, the mud goes in the bags wet so that it dries and hardens over time. If the bags were to freeze, instead of hard mud bricks you’d be left with sacks of powder. But once it’s built? With walls nearly half a metre thick, earthbag is pretty unbeatable when it comes to storing heat. Despite a maximum daytime temperature of 4 degrees, the house can stay warm until 3am at night from the heat absorbed through the day. If the house is south facing the front windows can draw in the sunlight and heat the house like a greenhouse.

You may be wondering whether a house made of mud is going to hold. Especially, when you haven't used a drop of cement and your foundations are nothing but gravel.

The heat

Earthbag house can take the intense heat of sun without heating up the house due to thermal insulation provided by the thick walls. Even if the temperature outside reaches extreme levels in the midst of July and August, the house can manage to stay surprisingly cooler in comparison to the concrete homes. Additional elements to aid in keeping the domes cool in extreme weather location can include 16-foot high ceilings with a heat vent and the ability to completely cover all windows when passive solar (sunlight heat) is not desired.

How durable is it?The Wet

Will the plaster fall off? Will the walls wick up water? One reason why earthbag houses are better than cob and adobe houses is flooding. The bags and the barbed wire keep the structure in place, even if the worst came to the worst and it flooded. Earthbag home do not flood in the first place due to the drainage provided by gravel foundation. Even if the outside gets saturated with water and muddy the inside stays dry as a bone.

Earthquakes

Earthbag roundhouses are pretty invincible when the ground decides to start bopping.What gives earthbag homes (especially round earthbag houses) their incredible strength is the locking in of the bags using barbed wire. There is no weak point on an earthbag wall, thus nowhere to crack. It's also a structure that can move with the earth which means a quake just ripples through it.When subject to earthquake testing, earthbag structures have been known to damage the testing equipment rather than collapse. One of the reasons they're being built in Nepal right now.

How to build an Earthbag house?

Step 1 - Foundations1. Dig a trench half a metre deep. Make sure the trench is wider than the earthbags.

2. Fill the trench with rocks from the surrounding area up to about 20 cm below grade.

3. Cover your rocks with smaller gravel (this prevents polypropylene bags from ripping).

4. Lay two or three layers of gravel-filled polypropylene bags with thick barbed-wire between the layers for tensile strength.Double-bag your foundation layers to reinforce the sacks. This house's foundation system was documented in detail in the

Natural Building Blog. See article.

http://naturalbuildingblog.com/earthbag-house-in-turkey-survives-6-1-earthquake/

Step 1 - Foundations5. Fill in the gaps on either side of the bags with more gravel/rubble. This prevents water wicking up into your earthbag house.

6. Make sure you tamp the bags after each circle is laid. The gravel becomes nice and compact.

7. Protect your PP bags from sunlight (especially the foundation layers) until you put on mud plaster. UV can break down the bags.

This house's foundation system was documented in detail in the Natural Building Blog. See article.

http://naturalbuildingblog.com/earthbag-house-in-turkey-survives-6-1-earthquake/

Step 2 – Walls1. Try to keep your walls straight (easier said than done on a round house). Use a plumb-line to check. But don't panic if you lose the vertical straightness of your wall if your house is round. Unlike square structures a circular house can withstand a fair amount of wiggles.

If however, your house has corners, isn't a roundhouse, and your walls are losing vertical straightness, you should definitely worry:)

2. First of all, take an earthbag and fold the corners in.

3. Fill it with a specified amount of damp/slightly wet earth..

Step 2 – Walls4. The first bag in the circle needs to be nailed shut. The second bag is laid up against the first so that the two openings are facing each other. The first bag holds the second shut.

5. Keep laying bags until you finish a circle.

6. When the circle is complete, take something heavy and flat and tamp the entire layer until the soil is nicely compacted and the bags snug. Tamping is key, it's also damn hard work.

Step 3 - Windows and Doors1. Making molds is the best way to ensure your windows stay in shape. Bear in mind that as you tamp your bags, they are rammed up hard against frames, and will bend or warp them unless the frame is incredibly thick.

2. Molds can be made from scrap wood if its lying about. The only trouble with the molds is, they are devils to get out. You can also use straw-bales, barrels or drums, wagon wheels and tires.

3. You can make beautiful arched windows with earthbags that are super-strong. For more information on windows and doors. I suggest the "Earthbag

Building: Tools, Tricks and Techniques" by Kaki Hunter and Donald Kiffmeyer.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0865715076/ref=nosim/hartworkscom-20



Step 3 - Windows and Doors4. Inserting wooden anchors between layers of bags is a useful way of creating somewhere to bang your window frames in once the walls are finished.

5. If your windows or door frames are not arched, you need nice fat lintels instead. This is definitely easier, but uses more timber.

For more information on windows and doors. I suggest the "Earthbag Building: Tools, Tricks and Techniques" by Kaki Hunter and Donald Kiffmeyer.




Step 4 - The RoofIf it's a roundhouse then there are some nice options for roofs.1. You could try a reciprocal roof or an earth (living) roof.

2. Lay two fat (10x20cm) beams across the roof and lay 5x15cm joists at 40cm intervals over them. To prevent the ends of the joists sinking into the bags lay them over wood slats (2x25x40cm)

3. When you lay earthbags over these slats to fill in the gaps, the roof becomes mighty secure.

4. If you are really paranoid, or suffer tornadoes, you can tie or cinch the joists down as well.

1. Analyze the dirt before starting. Too much clay will result in cracking, and too little clay will result in a powdery weak plaster.

2. Run all the earth through a sieve to get the stones out.

3. Straw is crucial to bind the mixture and prevents cracking. Different grades of straw help, but having FINE straw in the mix is a must.

4. Mix : 1 part clay, 3 parts earth, 1 part straw, 1 part lime. Mix it really well! Adding lime to the mixture prevents cracking and creates a smooth firm finish.

Step 5 - Plaster

Step 5 - Plaster5. Leave it to stew for a few days. Cover it with plastic to stop it drying out.

6. First make a lath layer, ie. fill in all the deep holes and gaps by lobbing handfuls gently at the wall.

7. Once it's drying you can start the second layer..

Step 6 – Final Look

Earthbag vs Cob and StrawbaleAdvantages over Cob• Can stand flash floods as the bag

structure and the barbed wire combined create a solid framework for the mud. (Cob walls are known to disintegrate in severe flash-flooding)

• Much faster to build.

Disadvantages compared to cob• During building, lifting the earthbags to

higher levels and tamping require a fair amount of physical strength.

• Takes longer to finish the interior than a cob house.

Advantages over Strawbale• Great for roundhouses.• Strength. • Good Thermal Mass (retains the

heat/cold for long periods).

Disadvantages compared to Strawbale• Soil has a poor insulation value

compared with strawbale. ie strawbale

• houses can be heated quickly, but lose that heat faster. Earth takes longer to heat up, but stays hot for longer

Component 2 FOOD

PRODUCTION

Why Local Food?

FamilyFarms

IndustrializedFood System

GlobalFood

When we look back through time, the story of food is one of agricultural development, moving from family-owned farms to the industrial revolution and finally to a global food system. The widely known problems with the global food system, such as GMOs and use of hazardous chemical, have become more apparent and many local food movements have developed. Our Ecovillage is attempting to follow this movement, and is aiming toward local food production as a means of development for unused land throughout the country.

Forest GardeningForest Gardening is a way of growing food based on combining plants and trees together in natural woodland-like patterns. These mutually beneficial relationships create a highly productive garden eco-system. An established forest garden will give high yields of diverse produce such as fruit, nuts, vegetables, herbs, medicines, fuel, fungi and animal fodder. It also needs less maintenance than a conventional vegetable garden due to it’s emphasis on perennial plantings and is rich in habitats for beneficial insects, birds and animals.

Forest GardeningUsing mainly perennial plants has many benefits – for a start, they don’t need to be replanted at the beginning of each year! This means that the soil doesn’t have to be dug annually, allowing the cultivation of a rich, healthy, fertile soil, which in turn means healthy plants. Soil in a forest garden is always kept covered, either by a living ground cover of plants or by mulching any bare ground with organic matter. This keeps the soil fed with nutrients and protects it from erosion, as well as helping to conserve water in the soil, minimising the need for watering.

The 7 Layers

Existing Models

# FRUITS NAME YIELD: POUNDS / ACRE

1 PEARS, BARTLETT 316002 PEACHES, ALL 314003 PEARS, ALL 282004 APPLES 254005 NECTARINES 160806 GRAPES 147707 APRICOTS 112608 PLUMS 104009 DATES 9420

10 KIWI FRUIT 786011 CHERRIES, SWEET 666012 DURUM WHEAT 630013 WINTER WHEAT 480014 FIGS 4620

The statistical information listed In the tables above represent a crop-by-crop average yield of foods (in pounds per acre), according to two different sources. http://www.gardensofeden.org/

15 BARLEY 283316 WALNUTS 276017 OATS 224018 PISTACHIOS 149019 PECANS, IN SHELL 962

Which fruits to grow?

# VEGETABLE NAME YIELD: POUNDS / ACRE

1 SPINACH 11,000

2 CARROT 19,400

3 ONION 19,800

4 SQUASH-WINTER 17,000

5 POTATO-IRISH 15,200

6 CELERY 32,000

7 CABBAGE 13,700

8 TOMATO 11,000

9 BEAN-SNAP 4,600

10 LETTUCE 9,100

11 TURNIP 12,000

12 BROCCOLI 7,300

13 CAULIFLOWER 10,800

14 BELL PEPPER 6,900

Which veges to grow?15 POTATO-SWEET 6,000

16 CORN 6,200

17 SQUASH-SUMMER 9,700

18 BEET 10,800

19 CANTALOUPE 9,800

20 PEA 2,200

21 ASPARAGUS 4,400

22 CUCUMBER 8,400

23 RADISH 12,000

24 WATERMELON 10,300

25 BEAN-LIMA 1,400

The statistical information listed In the tables above represent a crop-by-crop average yield of foods (in pounds per acre), according to two different sources. http://www.gardensofeden.org/

Component 3 Energy

Production

Watts Needed

Multi-Layer Setup

12V

WIND TURBINES 220V

SOLAR PANELS

10 units x 100w = 1KW

Renewable Energy2 units x 2.5KW = 5KW

Efficient Lighting - LEDS

Product Name LED Spot LightType MR16Light Color WhiteMain Material Aluminum AlloyPower 4x1WVoltage 12VTotal Size 53 x 49mm/ 2.1" x 1.9"(L*D)

Color Silver Tone, WhiteWeight 42g

• Durable - LED bulbs last up to 10 times as long as compact fluorescents, and far longer than typical incandescents.

• Cool - these bulbs do not cause heat build-up; LEDs produce 3.4 btu's/hour, compared to 85 for incandescent bulbs.

• Efficient - LED light bulbs use only 2-17 watts of electricity . It will extend lighting time on batteries by 10 to 15 times compared to incandescent bulbs.

• Cost-effective - although LEDs are initially expensive, the cost is recouped over time and in battery savings.

SOLAR DISHES

FRESNEL LENSES

Component 4 WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Sewage CompostingWastewater treatment is much more energy-intensive than composting. Most people don’t know how easy it is to compost human waste. All it requires is a storage area, a toilet seat, and a regular supply of natural dry materials. It is a much better solution to the global sanitation crisis than installing water-flush loos for the billions of without a toilet.

Composting toilets work by a process called “thermophilic composting” in which high temperatures and an array of biologic processes destroy the pathogens in human waste. After a curing time of 12 months the result can be used as fertilizer for trees and food crops.

How it works?

Who is breaking it down?

4 Phases of Composting

Anything that was once existing will decompose, thanks to microbes.

1) The Mesophilic Phase• Mesophilic bacteria combine

carbon with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy.

• Some of the energy is used by the microorganisms for reproduction and growth raising the temperature of the composting mass up to 44C (111F).

• Mesophilic bacteria can include E. coli and other bacteria from the human intestinal tract, but these soon become increasingly inhibited by the temperature, as the thermophilic bacteria take over.

• In this stage the thermophilic microorganisms are very active and produce a lot of heat. This stage can then continue to about 70C (158F).

• This heating stage takes place rather quickly and may last only a few days, weeks or months.

• It tends to remain localized in the upper portion of a backyard compost bin where the fresh material is being added; whereas in batch compost, the entire composting mass may be thermophilic all at once.

2) The Thermophilic Phase

After the thermophilic heating period, the humanure will appear to have been digested, but the coarser organic material will not. During this phase, the microorganisms that were chased away by the heat of thermophilic phase migrate back into the compost and get to work digesting the more resistant organic materials. Fungi and macroorganisms such as earthworms and sowbugs also break the coarser elements down into humus.

3) The Cooling Phase

The final stage of the composting process is called the curing, aging or maturing stage, and it is a long and important one. The curing of the compost is a critically important stage of the compost-making process. A long curing period, such as a year after the thermophilic stage, adds a safety net for pathogen destruction. Many human pathogens have only a limited period of viability in the soil, and the longer they are subjected to the microbiological competition of the compost pile, the more likely they will die a swift death.

4) The Curing Phase

Full Picture

The Humanure Handbook — Chapter 7: Worms and Disease

Table 7.8

SURVIVAL OF ENTEROVIRUSES IN SOIL

Viruses - These parasites, which are smaller than bacteria, can only reproduce inside the animal or plant they parasitize. However, some can survive for long periods outside of their host.Enteroviruses - Enteroviruses are those that reproduce in the intestinal tract. They have been found to survive in soil for periods ranging between 15 and 170 days. The following chart shows the survival times of enteroviruses in various types of soil and soil conditions.

Soil Type pH % Moisture Temp. (oC) Days of Survival

(less than)

Sterile, sandy 7.5 10-20% . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . 130-17010-20% . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-110

5.0 10-20% . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . 110-15010-20% . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-90

Non-sterile, 7.5 10-20% . . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-170 sandy 10-20% . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-110

5.0 0-20% . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-15010-20% . . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-60

Sterile, loamy 7.5 10-20% . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-15010-20% . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-110

5.0 10-20% . . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-15010-20% . . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-60

Non-sterile, 7.5 10-20% . . . . . . .3-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-150 loamy 10-20% . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-110

5.0 10-20% . . . . . . .10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-13010-20% . . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-60

Non-sterile, 5 air dried . . . . . .18-23 . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-25 sandy

Source: Feachem et al., 1980

Table 7.9

SURVIVAL TIME OF E. HISTOLYTICA PROTOZOA IN SOIL

Protozoa Soil Moisture Temp (oC) Survival E. histolytica . .loam/sand . . .Damp . . .28-34 . . . . 8-10 days E. histolytica .soil . . . . . . . . .Moist . .? . . . . . . .42-72 hrs. E. histolytica . .soil . . . . . . . . .Dry . . . . .? . . . . . . .18-42 hrs.



Table 7.12

SURVIVAL TIME OF SOME PATHOGENIC WORMS IN SOIL

Soil Moisture Temp. (0C) Survival

HOOKWORM LARVAESand ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .room temp. . . . .< 4 months

Soil ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .open shade, . .< 6 monthsSumatra

SoilMoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dense shade . .9-11 weeks Mod. shade . . .6-7.5 weeks Sunlight . . . . . .5-10 days

Soil Water covered . . . . . . .varied . . . . . . . .10-43 daysSoil Moist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . .< 1 week

16 . . . . . . . . . . .14-17.5 weeks27 . . . . . . . . . . .9-11 weeks35 . . . . . . . . . . .< 3 weeks40 . . . . . . . . . . .< 1 week

HOOKWORM OVA (EGGS)Heated soil with water covered . . . . . . .15-27 . . . . . . . .9% after

2wks night soilUnheated soil with water covered . . . . . . .15-27 . . . . . . . .3% after

2wks night soilROUNDWORM OVA

Sandy, shaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-36 . . . . . . . .31% dead after 54 d. Sandy, sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-38 . . . . . . . .99% dead after 15 d. Loam, shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-36 . . . . . . . .3.5% dead after 21 d. Loam, sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-38 . . . . . . . .4% dead after 21 d. Clay, shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-36 . . . . . . . .2% dead after 21 d. Clay, sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-38 . . . . . . . .12% dead after 21 d. Humus, shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-36 . . . . . . . .1.5% dead after 22 d. Clay, shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-35 . . . . . . . .more than 90 d. Sandy, shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-35 . . . . . . . .less than 90 d.

Sandy, sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-35 . . . . . . . .less than 90 d. Soil irrigated w/sewage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? . . . . . . . . . . . .less than 2.5 yrs. Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .? . . . . . . . . . . . .2 years

Source: Feachem et al., 1980; d.=days; <=less thanTable 7.13

PARASITIC WORM EGG DEATHEggs Temp.(0C) Survival Schistosome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 minute Hookworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 minute Roundworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-30.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 hours Roundworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 years Roundworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 minutes Roundworm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 seconds

Source: Compost, Fertilizer, and Biogas Production from Human and Farm Wastes in the People’s Republic of China,

(1978), M. G. McGarry and J. Stainforth, editors, International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Canada. p. 43.


Table 7.11

SURVIVAL OF POLIOVIRUSES IN SOIL

Soil Type Virus Moisture Temp. (C) Days Survival

Sand dunes . . . . . . . .Poliovirus . . . .dry . . . . . . .? . . . . . . Less than 77Sand dunes . . . . . . . .Poliovirus . . . .moist . . . . .? . . . . . . Less than 91

Loamy fine sand . . . .Poliovirus I . . .moist . . . . .4 . . . . . . 90% red. in 84Loamy fine sand Poliovirus I moist 20 99.999%

reduction in 84

Soil irrigated w/ . . . . .Polioviruses . . .9-20% . . . .12-33 . . Less than 8 effluent, pH=8.5 1, 2 & 3

Sludge or effluent . . .Poliovirus I . . .180 mm . .-14-27 . . 96-123 after irrigated soil total rain sludge applied

-14-27 89-96 after effluent applied

190 mm . . .15-33 less than 11 total rain after sludge or

effluent applied


Table 7.10

SURVIVAL TIMES OF SOME BACTERIA IN SOIL

Bacteria Soil Moisture Temp.(oC) Survival

Streptococci . . . . .Loam . . . . . . .? . . . . . . .? . . . . . .9-11 weeks

Streptococci . . . . .Sandy loam .? . . . . . . .? . . . . . . .5-6 weeks

S. typhi . . . . . . . . .various soils .? . . . . . . .22 . . . . . .2 days-400 days

Bovine tubercule .soil & dung .? . . . . . . . ? . . . . . .less than 178 days bacilli

Leptospires . . . . .varied . . . .varied . . .summer . . .12 hrs-15 days


Is it really safe?

Toilet Design

What to do with food scraps? •Composting gives free fertilizer for crops•Composting is practical and convenient •Composting is good for environment

COMPOSTING RECIPE

Soil

Kitchen waste

Dry Materials

Soil

Air Vent

Leaves & Grass

Kitchen waste

Leaves & Grass

Soil Air Vent

Air Vent

Air Vent

GREYWATER Recycling

What should I compost?

Sustaining Water SUPPLY

Collecting RAINWATER

WATER WELLS

BIOSAND WATER FILTRATION

Water Treatment

MOSQUE

School

Cottage Industry

LAW and Order

HOW TO MARKET ecovillag

eTo engage government organizations we will use a variety of design tools including: presentations to frame a number of scenarios, interviews, collaborative forums, participatory development, discussion cards, a blog for documentation and a newsletter that will be sent out twice a month to update our progress.

Ecovillage as an initial project will act as a model designed to foster further dialogue, test a number of assumptions and create potential strategies by soliciting feed-back and input from local activists, organizations, and city agencies involved in local farming initiatives and policy development.

Design to ExecutionOur first step was to consider how we as designers can contribute to the progress of economic growth in the city. We were very influenced by Malcolm Gladwell’s “The Tipping Point,” so we are looking at this project as a way to test a combination of Gladwell’s laws for creating a tipping point.

Defining the

Execution

Collaboration

RefinementRigh

tProblem

Municipal GovernmentDepar tments

Non-For-ProfitOrganizations

For-ProfitOrganizations

The Tipping Point “the dramatic moment when ideas, messages,behaviors, and products suddenly become so popular that they transform into social epidemics.”as defined by Malcolm Gladwell's "The Tipping Point“The social epidemic we are trying to create is an Ecovillage model of living across Pakistan. To accomplish this, we must break down the barriers to create collaborative progress. The following slides will explain how social epidemics can evolve through the execution of three laws: the Law of the Few, the Power of Context, and the Stickiness Factor.

1. Law Of The FewSpread By A Few Extraordinary PeopleThe Law of the Few explains that

social epidemics are spread by a very few extraordinary people. Our attempts to induce this first law is through interviews and collaborative forums with experts connected to rural development of Pakistan.

Laws Of Tipping

Laws Of Tipping

2. Power of ContextSensitive To The Conditions And Circumstances Of The Specific Time And PlaceThe green movement has been aroundfor more than a decade. Many successfulmodels exist, and authorities can lookto them for suggestions.

3. The Stickiness Factor Participatory Development Is Most Important ToolParticipatory development enables various organizations to contribute to the development and attain emotional investment. This generates stickiness and ensures that the future projects are also irresistible to the organizations involved because they helped construct it before. Communication and interaction between these organizations also makes ideas stickier and popular.

Laws Of Tipping

THANK YOU“Leader’s don’t create followers, they

create more leaders.” -Tom Peters

“Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and

leave a trail.” -Ralph

Emerson

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Leadership & Management