EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CHINA

ADITI SHARMA – B12ADITYA SAXENA – B27

INTRODUCTION

People's Republic of China Region: East Asia. It is the world's most populous country.Population: 1.375 billionCapital: Beijing. Area: 9,597,000 sq km. Language: MandarinCurrency: RenminbiPresident: Xi Jinping

FACTS• Education in China is a state-run system of public

education run by the Ministry of Education.• NINE YEAR COMPULSORY EDUCATION(1986) 6 Years of Primary Education 3 Years of Junior Secondary Education• 1980s government allowed the establishment of the

first private school,  increasing the number of undergraduates and people who hold doctoral degrees fivefold from 1995 to 2005

• In 2010,Primary Schools were 280184, Secondary Schools were 87,665; which altogether enrolled 17,388,465 students

• Today, 99.7% populations has achieved 9 year compulsory education (Male98.2 %, Female94.5 %)Peking and Tsinghua University falls amongst the Top 50 Universities of the world (Times Education).

• China; a top destination for international students. In 2013, China was the most popular country in Asia for international students, and ranks third overall among countries.

PRE-SCHOOL

• Age: 4-6 Years• Duration: 3 Years• Run by different government bodies and also

by private operators.• Out of 134,000 kindergartens(2008); 61

percent were run privately.

PRIMARY EDUCATION

• Age: 6-12 Years• Duration: 5-6 Years• 2 Semesters comprising 38 weeks teaching, 13

weeks holidays• Compulsory Subjects: Moral Education,

Chinese Language, Mathematics, Social Studies, Natural Science, Physical Education, Music, Arts, and Labour Services.

SECONDARY EDUCATION

Junior Secondary Education• Duration:3-4 Years• Compulsory 13 Subjects: Politics, Chinese

Language, Mathematics, Foreign Language, History, Geography, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Physical Education, Music, Art, and Household Skills.

ZHONGKAO

• ZhongKao; locally administered entrance exam for students who wish to continue.

• The results of zhongkao decide whether students go to key senior high school, ordinary senior high school or vocational school.

GAOKAO• In China, applying to college is about one thing and

one thing only: the Gaokao(“The National Higher Education Entrance Examination”)

• Determines whether or not go to college• Held at the end of the school year.• Includes: Chinese language and literature Mathematics A foreign language (often English)

• The other six standard subjects are three sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and three humanities: History, Geography, and Political Education

• One or more subjects of the student’s choice.Each province administers its own version of the gaokao

Rural Schools in China

• A typical rural school is a dirty, whitewashed building made of mud brick and cement.

• No heat or electricity, light comes from two small windows. There are generally few academic and athletic facilities other than a chalkboard, maybe some desks and chairs

• Schools are considered well equipped if they have a dirt soccer field.

•Bright kids are often selected by the family to go to school while slow learners have to stay home. •In rural areas, many children have to walk several miles to their schools.In some villages about only one kid every ten years makes it to college.

A Typical School day, in the city

• The Chinese school day is a very long day: • It starts at 7:30 in the morning and mostly finishes at about 4:00 in the

afternoon. • In case the students still attend classes of optional subjects, they might

stay even longer. • After the fifth lesson there is a long lunch break of two hours. Lunch

packets are distributed to those who have paid for it and they will eat it in their classrooms.

• Those who have not ordered any lunch go to the snack bar across the road or to the restaurant at the net corner.

• On Saturdays, many schools hold required morning classes in science and math. Many students also attend buxiban, or cram school, in the evening and on weekends

•On Monday after the lunch break you could always find some students cleaning windows or wiping the floor during the breaks. Monday is a "cleaning day“• Monday mornings starts with the National flag-raising ceremony.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS

• Niche Market; serving foreign students and increasing middle class.

• Same curriculum as home country• Located in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai,

Tianjin and Guangzhou• Recent Trend: Some international schools in

China have started offering UK GCE A-level courses for domestic students who want to obtain A-level certificates before studying abroad.

DRAWBACKS

• Too much Homework• Lacks Innovation• High Pressure• Teaching content is distant from real life• Exam focused• Neglect of certain subjects• Class size

UNIVERSITY

Tsinghua University, Beijing

Peking University, Beijing

Fudan University, Shanghai

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui

Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu

Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang

Beijing Normal University, Beijing

Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei

Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong

Renmin University, Beijing

TOP UNIVERSITIES IN CHINA

Fudan University: School of Management

Tsinghua University: School of Economics and Management

CEIBS: China Europe International Business School

Peking University: Guanghua School of Management

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Antai College of Economics and Management

BUSINESS SCHOOLS

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY, BEIJING

JILIN UNIVERSITY, JILIN

RENMIN UNIVERSITY, BEIJING

WUHAN UNIVERSITY, WUHAN

China Medical University (CMU)

Zhejiang Medical University (ZMU)

Anhui International College of Medicine

Wenzhou Medical College

Sun Yat Sen University

MEDICAL SCHOOLS

• Peking University has 216 Research Institutes and Research Centres, and 2 National Engineering Research Centers, 81 Key National Disciplines, 12 National Key Laboratories.

• Zhongshan (Sun Yat Sen) University is a comprehensive university including the Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Pharmacology And Management Science

• Nanjing University offers 2 Postdoctoral programs, 5 Ph.D programs, 8 M.S programs and 6 B.S programs

• Fudan University has 15 full time schools, 70 departments, 60 Bachelor’s degree programs, 22 disciplines and 112 sub-disciplines of Ph.D,166MAster degree programs, 6 Professional degree programs, 7 Social Science Research Centres.

• Zhejiang University has 110 Undergraduate programs, 264 Master degree programs and 181 Doctoral degree programs.

• Beijing Normal University has 52 Bachelor degrees, 69 Disciplines and Sub-disciplines for Ph.D, 127 Master degree programs, 7 Key Research Centres and 16 Post-Doctoral Research Stations.

• Tsinghua University offers 39 Undergraduate programs, 100 Masters and 82 Doctoral Ph.D programs

• Shanghai Jiao Tong University has 31 departments, 63 Undergraduate programs, 250 Masters degree programs, 203 Ph.D programs, 28 Post-doctoral programs and 11 State Key Laboratories and National Engineering Research Centres.

FAMOUS ALUMNI

•Xi Jinping the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

•From 1975 to 1979, Xi studied chemical engineering at Beijing's prestigious Tsinghua University as a "Worker, Peasant, PLA" student 

XI JINPING

ROBIN LI

•Robin Li or Li Yanhong is a Chinese Internet entrepreneur. He co-founded the Chinese search engine Baidu and is ranked as the seventh richest man in mainland China with a net worth of US$9.6 billion as of September 2015.

•He enrolled at Peking University where he studied information management and earned a Bachelor of Science degree.

•Lu Qi is currently Executive Vice President at Microsoft, leading the company's work on the Bing search engine, Skype and Microsoft Office.

•Lu was born in Shanghai, he was sent to live with his grandparents in a remote village in Jiangsu Province by his parents during the Cultural Revolution Lu studied at Fudan University in Shanghai, China

LU QI

ZHANG RUIMIN

•Zhang Ruimin is a Chinese businessman and chief executive officer of Haier Group.•He did MBA from University of Science and Technology of China

•Lei Jun is a Chinese businessman who is known for founding Xiaomi Inc, one of China's largest technology companies. •He attended Wuhan University, where he holds a BA in computer science

LEI JUN

University Attended

Tsinghua University

Zhejiang University,Tsinghua University

Beijing Normal University

Beijing Normal University

China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

NOBEL PRIZE LAUREATES

 In China, high school students take the National College Admission Test (NCAT), and then choose the university and the major according to their scores. In recent years there have been over 10,000,000 students annually taking the NCAT. About 6,500,000 students will be enrolled by universities. Tsinghua University recruits 3,300 students each year. The minimum enrolling NCAT score for Tsinghua University is the highest score in most Provinces. All undergraduate students admitted to Tsinghua University are roughly top 0.1% of the NCAT.

Peking University

Peking University is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of the C9 League. It is the first modern national university established in China, founded as the "Imperial University of Peking" in 1898

For Post-graduation Programme, International students must hold a strong bachelor degree, relevant work experience and a competitive GMAT or GRE score.

Entrance examination subjects:Humanities/ Science:  

① Chinese language   ② Mathematics ③ English

Online Registration and Submission of Documents

Payment of Application Fee (800RMB)

Entrance Examination and Interview

3 STEP PROCESS

Full and Partial Scholarships are offered for International students

For Under-Graduates

BRAIN DRAIN

• China suffers the worst brain drain in the world, according to a new study that found seven out of every 10 students who enrolls in an overseas university never return to live in their homeland.

• More than a million Chinese students studying abroad between 1978 and 2006 and 70% failed to return to China after graduation. (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

CHINESE STUDENTS STUDY ABROAD

• Number of students from China studying abroad: approximately 459,800(2014, as per China’s Ministry of Education)

• Sponsored by public funding sources: 21,300• Employer-funded: 15,500 and • Self-funded: 423,000Details• The leading overseas destinations for Chinese

students in 2014, according to ministry officials, were the US, the UK, Australia, Japan, and France.

Chinese parents want their child to receive a world-class education from a respected institution, and accepting these students is certainly in the school’s best interest; the children are considered intellectual and conscientious, and their parents pay the full tuition price plus the fee for recruiting firms that assist with the visa process.

REASONS NOT TO REURN

• Higher living standards, brighter career opportunities and the freedom to have as many children as they wish.

• A survey in 2014, found that in Shanghai 30% of high school pupils and 50% of middle-school students wanted to change their nationality.

• Their children might have a hard time adapting to the highly competitive education system in China.

• One of the most common concerns shared by overseas Chinese scholars was that a “big gap exists in the academic environment [in China] as compared to that abroad”. 

• The key to attracting outstanding overseas personnel to return to China lies not in providing generous remunerations but in creating a salutary academic environment.

• Another key concern identified by respondents that pushed them not to return home was the “guanxi-based” structure in the workplace in China. This means the success of one’s career depends more on social connections than on merit.

• But the most influential factor in a student’s decision to return was job opportunities in China.

WHY ARE CHINESE RETURNING?

• Job opportunities for overseas graduate students in some countries such as the U.S. and the U.K. have become tight as a result of sluggish economic growth and stricter visa regulations. 

• Language Issues

• For Example:•The UK used to offer UK graduates from overseas countries a two-year extended work visa to stay in the UK, but this automatic visa is no longer available, and it is not easy to extend the student visa, with the result that few international students stay in the UK.(2015)

RETURN OR NOT?• Majority of the students who returning are with Master’s

degrees; compared to undergraduates and PhD’s, they are majority by a ratios of 1:8:1.

• People choose not to return because of the low salaries. For example, A graduate from Beijing and Shanghai earns 10,000RMB to 12,000RMB a month, who can easily earn 3-5 times that amount if they were performing the same job in the USA.

• There is also a huge disparity between the technologies of local companies when compared to outside the country.

Analysts pointed out that although the returned oversea students increased significantly, when looking at the difference in “quantity” and “quality”, a large proportion are ordinary people who relied on parental financial support to study abroad in recent years. They can hardly be said to be experts in their field much less “distinguished talent”, while the high-end talent who are truly specialized in their fields or have even obtained patents abroad aren’t actually many, and there may even be an increasing trend in such brain drain.

FUN FACT

RECENT STUDIES• Students majoring in business were more likely to return to

China. These students believed there were more business and job opportunities in China than in the US. They also felt that their degree from an elite university and their overseas experience opened many doors back home. They are also highly sought by international corporations seeking to expand in China and Asia.

• In contrast, those pursuing degrees in social sciences such as education or humanities, and physical sciences such as physics or biochemistry expressed less interest in returning home. For social science students, the low income in China was a big factor preventing them going back. While for physical science major students, it was inadequate research facilities, a guanxi based environment, and academic corruption

• In an effort to lure top talent back to China, in recent years the Chinese government has been implementing various initiatives, such as the Thousand Talents Program for top scientists, to reward those who choose to return. Although these initiatives, along with the recent booming economy, have been able to attract more talent from overseas in the past decade, many of these Chinese are still not willing to give up their job in developed countries to move back to China.

U.S.A: The Most Favored • There are more than a quarter of a million students from

China in colleges in the United States - a third of all international students in the country - and almost a fivefold increase since 2000.

• It was reported in 2014(Project Atlas)that there was a total of 886,052 international students enrolled in schools throughout the United States, and 274,439 of these students originated from mainland China; that’s a staggering 31% of the total number of students from overseas, and a 17% increase on the figures from the previous year. 

• They want to get out of a schooling system that uses test scores to determine the subjects students will take, which makes it difficult to change once these have been assigned.

THANK YOU!!