ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tpjq;fs;> gzk; kw;wk; nfhlfld; c · ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tpjq;fs;>...
TRANSCRIPT
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;>
gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
7cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l
mgptpUj;jpfspd; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia elhj;Jtjpy; xU
Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifAldhd mZFKiwapidg; gpd;gw;wpaJ. gztPf;fk; kw;Wk; gztPf;fj; Njhw;wg;ghl;bd; rhjfkhd mgptpUj;jpfspidAk; cz;ikg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; ruhrhpiatplj; jho;e;j nrayhw;wj;jpidAk; fhpridapy; nfhz;L kj;jpa tq;fp 2015 ,Wjpapy; njhlq;fpa ehzaf; nfhs;if ,Wf;fkhf;Fjypid KbTf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F 2018 Vg;gpwypy; rkpf;iQ toq;fpaJ. ,jd;gb> kj;jpa tq;fp Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpid 25 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspdhy; 8.50 rjtPjj;jpw;Ff; Fiwj;j mNjNtisapy; Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjj;jpid khw;wkpd;wp 7.25 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Ngzp mjd;%yk; nfhs;if tl;btPj tPr;rpd; gug;gpid 150 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspypUe;J 125 mbg;gilg;Gs;spfspw;F FWf;fkilar; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> nghUshjhuj;jpd; ntspehl;Lj; Jiwapd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia ghjpg;gilar; nra;j cyf mgptpUj;jpfspd; jhf;fj;jpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ njhlh;e;J te;j fhyg;gFjpapy; xU eLepiyahd ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bidg; Ngzpf; nfhz;lJ. cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; tpiyfs; kw;Wk; Vida epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jj;jpdhy; gztPf;fj;jpNyw;gl;l jw;fhypf cah;tpw;F khwhf 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; ,yf;fplg;gl;l tPr;rhd 4-6 rjtPjj;jpDs; ngUkstpy; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jJld; Njrpa Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; njhlh;e;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhftpUe;jJ. ,NjNtisapy;> nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh; tpiyr;Rl;nlz; kw;Wk; Njrpa Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz; ,uz;bidAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ikag; gztPf;fj;jpdhy; mstplg;gl;lthwhd Nfs;tpj; J}z;ly; gztPf;fKk; jho;e;jjhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhyj;jpd; ngUksthd fhyg;gFjpapy; cs;ehl;L gzr; re;ijapd; jputj;jd;ik ngUkstpy; kpifahfj; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jhapDk; Fwpg;ghf 2018 A+d;> a+iy kw;Wk; nrj;njk;ghpy; jputj;jd;ik gw;whf;Fiw kl;lq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ. 2018 Vg;gpwypd; nfhs;if tl;bapd; Fiwg;gpw;Fk; Nkk;gl;l re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik epiyg;ghLfspw;Fk; FWq;fhy tl;b tPjq;fs; gjpypWj;jnjdpDk; ntspehl;L nryhtzpr; re;ij mOj;jq;fisf; nfhz;l fhyq;fspy; nfhs;if tl;b tPj tPr;rpd; Nky; vy;iyia Nehf;fpa rpy Nky;Nehf;fpa mirTfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld. mur gpizaq;fspd; tpisTfs; fyg;ghd mirTfisf; fhl;ba mNjNtisapy; ngUk;ghyhd Vida re;ij tl;b tPjq;fs; ngausT kw;Wk; cz;ik epajpfs; ,uz;bYk; xg;gPl;lstpy; cah;e;j kl;lq;fspy; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jd. fle;j fhyj;jpy; Ngzg;gl;L te;j ,Wf;fkhd ehzaf;nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bw;F gjpypWj;jp jdpahh; Jiwf; nfhLfld; tsh;r;rpapd; gbg;gbahd Fiwtiljypdhy; ngUkstpy; ce;jg;gl;L tphpe;j gz epuk;gypd; tsh;r;rp njhlh;e;Jk; kpjkile;jJ. tq;fpj;njhopy;JiwaplkpUe;J murpdhy; ngwg;gl;l nfhLfld; xU nkJthd Ntfj;jpy; mjpfhpj;j mNjNtisapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; tphptile;jJ. Kd;Ndhf;fp Nehf;Fifapy;> rhj;jpakhd FWq;fhy tpiy mOj;jq;fSf;F khwhf eLj;ju fhyj;jpy; gztPf;fj; Njhw;wg;ghL njhlh;e;Jk; mD$ykhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypw;F epiykhWjy; njhlh;gpy; fzprkhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid Mz;L fhyj;jpy; kj;jpa tq;fp va;jpAs;sJ.
7
102
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
Muk;gpj;jJ. ehzaf; nfhs;ifj; jPh;khdnkLj;jy;
kw;Wk; nfhs;if cUthf;fr; nrad;Kiwapid
xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kj;jpa tq;fp mjd;
epWtdj;jpw;Fs;Nsahd khjphpAUtikj;jy; kw;Wk;
vjph;T$wy; ,aysT kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;gpid
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpd; njhopy;El;g
cjtpAld; njhlh;e;Jk; Nkk;gLj;jpaJ.
y cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk;
Vida epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa
jpUj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhd tpiyfspd; jw;fhypf
cah;tpw;F khwhf Efh;Nthh; tpiyg; gztPf;fk;
2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy;
tpUk;gg;gl;l tPr;rpDs; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jJ. Njrpa
Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz (Nj.E.tp.R>
2013®100) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Mz;Lf;F
Mz;L Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; 2017 jpnrk;ghpy; 7.3
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018 Vg;gpwypy; 1.6 rjtPjj;jpw;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Njrpa
Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; epUtfpf;fg;gl;l
tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jq;fspd; Kf;fpa
tpisthf 2018 a+iyapy; Mz;Lf;F Mz;L
mbg;gilapy; 3.4 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jNghjpYk;>
2018 nrj;njk;ghpy; jsk;gyilAk; czT
tpiyfspd; tPo;r;rpapd; tpisthf Mz;Lf;F Mz;L
mbg;gilapy; 0.9 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.
Mz;Lr;ruhrhp mbg;gilapy;> Njrpa Efh;Nthh;
tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;l 7.7 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018
nrj;njk;ghpy;; 4.0 rjtPjj;jpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
thdpiyAld; njhlh;Ggl;l Fog;gq;fs; ,y;yhJ
xope;jjdhy; rhjfkhd toq;fy; gf;f
mgptpUj;jpfspd; tpisthf Fiwtile;J
nry;Yk; czTg; gztPf;fj;jpdhy; ngUkstpy;
ce;jg;gl;L nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh; tpiyr;
Rl;nlz;zpd; (nfh.E.tp.R> 2013®100) Mz;Lf;F
Mz;L khw;wj;jpdhy; mstplg;gLfpd;w Kjd;ikg;
gztPf;fk; 2017 jpnrk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 7.1
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018 Vg;gpwypy; 3.8 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa
cw;gj;jpfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk;
gUtkw;w fhyj;jpy; cs;ehl;L czT toq;fy;fspd;
kPjhd mOj;jq;fs; Mz;Lf;F Mz;L Kjd;ikg;
gztPf;fk; 2018 Xfj;jpy; 5.9 rjtPjj;jpid
miltjw;F cah;tiltjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jd.
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghL
y eLj;jufhyj;jpy; eL xw;iw ,yf;fq;fspy;
gztPf;fj;jpid epiyg;gLj;jp mjd; %yk;
,yq;ifg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; epiyj;J epw;Fk;
tsh;r;rpg; Nghf;fpw;F trjpaspg;gjid Nehf;fhff;
nfhz;L nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f
,yf;fplypid Nehf;fpa mirtpw;F xj;jpirthf
kj;jpa tq;fp xU Nkk;gl;l ehzaf; nfhs;iff;
fl;likg;gpw;Fs; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia elhj;jpaJ.
nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fply;
Nehf;fpa mirtpd; xU Kf;fpa gbKiwahf>
2015,y; xU Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ehzaf; nfhs;iff;
fl;likg;gpidg; gpd;gw;wpaJld; kj;jpa tq;fp
gbg;gbahf ehzaf; $l;Lf;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l ehzaf; fl;likg;gpypUe;J tpyfpaJ. ,e;j
,ilf;fhy xOq;fpd; fPo;> re;ij tl;b tPjq;fis
topg;gLj;Jfpd;w njhopw;ghl;L ,yf;fhf ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjk; njhopw;gLk;
Ntisapy; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia elhj;Jtjpy;
xU Kf;fpa Fwpfhl;b ,ilepiy khwpahf tphpe;j
gzepuk;gy; (M2b) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;>
re;ijia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ehzaf;
nfhs;iff; fUtpfs;> Fwpg;ghf nfhs;if tl;b
tPjq;fSk; jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfSk;>
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpid
topelhj;Jtjw;fhd Kf;fpa ehzaf; nfhs;if
fUtpfshf njhlh;e;JkpUe;J tUfpd;wd.
Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapy; kj;jpa tq;fp ehzaf;
nfhs;if elhj;Jjiy NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gy;NtW topKiwfis njhlh;e;Jk; Nkw;nfhz;l
Ntisapy; 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj;
jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; R%fkhd
epiykhw;wj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kf;fpa
rPh;jpUj;jq;fis cs;sfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.
tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j
gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshd
RahjPdk;> MSif> ntspg;gilj;jd;ik>
nghWg;G$Wk; jd;ik kw;Wk; ek;gfj;jd;ikia
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kj;jpa tq;fp tYthd
gzpg;ghiziaf; nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd
Njitapid mq;fPfhpj;jJ. —2018 ,w;Fk; mjw;F
mg;ghYf;Fkhd ehza kw;Wk; epjpapay; Jiwf;
nfhs;iffs;˜ (topfhl;ly; 2018) ,y; Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;lg;gl;ljidg; Nghd;W ,yq;ifapd;
kj;jpa tq;fpapaYld; njhlh;Ggl;l Kf;fpa
rl;lkhd ehzatpjpr; rl;lj;jpw;F jpUj;jq;fis
Kd;nkhoptjw;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fis kj;jpa tq;fp
7
103
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
,yFtile;j czTg; gztPf;fj;jpndhU
tpisthf gztPf;fk; mjd;gpd;dh; 2018
nrj;njk;ghpy; 4.3 rjtPjj;jpw;F Mz;Lf;F Mz;L
mbg;gilapy; nkJtile;J> nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh;
tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
Mz;Lr; ruhrhpg; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 6.6 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018
nrj;njk;ghpy; 5.4 rjtPjkhftpUe;jJ. nghUj;jkhd
nfhs;ifj; jpUj;jq;fSld; eLj;jufhyj;jpy;
gztPf;fk; 4-6 rjtPj ,yf;fplg;gl;l tPr;rpDs;
njhlh;e;JkpUf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
y gztPf;fj;jpd; Nfs;tpapdhy; J}z;lg;gl;l
$wpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w ikag; gztPf;fk;
2018,d; ,Jtiuapy; Fiwthdjhff; fhzg;gl;L
nghUshjhuj;jpy; mbg;gilapYs;s Nfs;tp
mOj;jq;fs; kpff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhftpUg;gjid
Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wd. xg;gPl;lstpy; ,Wf;fkhd
ehza epiyg;ghLfs; cWjp epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gztPf;f vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J 2018,d;
Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyj;jpy; ikag; gztPf;fj;jpd;
kpjkiljypw;F fhuzkhfpd. ,jd;gb> Njrpa
Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l Mz;Lf;F Mz;L ikag; gztPf;fk; 2018
nrj;njk;ghpy; 3.1 rjtPjkhf jho;thf fhzg;gl;l
Ntisapy; Mz;Lr; ruhrhp mbg;gilapy; Njrpa
Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy;
4.9 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018 nrj;njk;ghpy; 2.4
rjtPjj;jpw;F kpjkile;jJ. nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh;
tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
Mz;Lf;F Mz;L ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017
,Wjpapy; 4.3 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018 nrj;njk;ghpy;
3.8 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;j mNjNtisapy;
Mz;Lr; ruhrhp ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017
,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 5.9 rjtPjj;jJld;
xg;gpLkplj;J 2018 nrj;njk;ghpy; 3.9 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
y kj;jpa tq;fpapd; mjpfhpj;j Kd;Ndhf;fpa ehzaf;
nfhs;if elhj;Jjy; #oypy; Mh;tyh;fspd;
gztPf;fk; kPjhd rhjfkhd Njhw;wg;ghl;bidg;
gpujpgypj;J gztPf;f vjph;ghh;f;iffs; njhlh;e;Jk;
cWjp epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhftpUe;jd. kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; gztPf;f vjph;ghh;f;iffs; mstPl;bd; gb
fk;gdpfs; Jiwapd; gztPf;f vjph;ghh;f;iffspy;
cz;ikahd gztPf;fk; epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpiyfs;>
Fwpg;ghf cs;ehl;L ngw;Nwhypa tpiyfs;
kw;Wk; &ghtpd; Nja;khdk; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;
ce;jg;gl;L 2018,d; %d;whk; fhyg;gFjpapy; rpy
mjpfhpg;Gf;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; Mz;bd;
Kjyiuahz;by; fzprkhdsT tPo;r;rpaile;ejd.
tPl;Lj;Jiwapd; gztPf;f vjph;ghh;f;iffs; 2018
fhyj;jpy; fyg;ghd mirTfis Fwpj;J epd;wd.
y cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfg; nghUshjhuj;jpd;
jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l mgptpUj;jpfis
Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ 2018,d;
Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia
elhj;Jtjpy; xU Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifAldhd
tiuglk; 7.1
Mz;Lf;fhz;L Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd (Nj.E.tp.R) gq;fspg;G
7.3
0.9
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
mw;fNfhy; Fbghdq;fs;> Gifapiy kw;Wk; Nghijg;nghUl;fs; tPlikg;G> ePu;> kpd;tY> thA kw;Wk; Vida vhpnghUl;fs;
eyk; njhlh;G+l;ly;
fy;tp gy;tifg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs;
czT kw;Wk; mw;fNfhyw;w Fbghdq;fs;
GlitAk; fhyzpAk;
jsghlq;fs;> tPl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Ngzy;
Nghf;Ftuj;J
fspahl;lg; nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; fyhrhuk;
Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs; kw;Wk; cztfq;fs;
gztPf;fk;
rd-17
rd-18
Xfj;-17
Xfj;-18
nrj;-18
ngg;-17
ngg;-18
nrj;-17
khh;;-17
khh;-18
xj;-17
Vg;-17
Vg;-18
ent
-17
Nk-17
Nk-18
jpnr-17
A+d;-17
A+d;-18
A+iy-17
A+iy-18
%yk;: njhifkjpg;G kw;Wk; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;
rjtPjk;
7.1
4.3
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
tiuglk; 7.2
Mz;Lf;fhz;L Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd (nfh.E.tp.R) gq;fspg;G
GlitAk; fhyzpAk;
GlitAk; fhyzpAk; jsghlq;fs;> tPl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Ngzy; Nghf;Ftuj;J
fy;tp gy;tifg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs;
czT kw;Wk; mw;fNfhyw;w Fbghdq;fs; mw;fNfhy; Fbghdq;fs;> Gifapiy kw;Wk; Nghijg;nghUl;fs; tPlikg;G> ePu;> kpd;tY> thA kw;Wk; Vida vhpnghUl;fs;
eyk; njhlu;G+l;ly;
fspahl;lg; nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; fyhrhuk;
gztPf;fk;
%yk;: njhifkjpg;G kw;Wk; Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;rjtPjk;
rd
- 17
rd
- 18
Xfj; - 1
7
Xfj; - 1
8
ngg; - 1
7
ngg; - 1
8
nrj; - 1
7
nrj; - 1
8
khh; - 1
7
khh; - 1
8
xj; - 1
7
Vg; - 1
7
Vg; - 1
8
ent
- 17
Nk
- 17
Nk
- 18
jpnr -
17
A+d; - 1
7
A+d; - 1
8
A+iy
- 17
A+iy
- 18
7
104
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
mZFKiwiag; gpd;gw;wpaJ. chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf
tq;fpfspd; midj;J &gh nghWg;Gf;fspd; kPJk;
gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;f mjd; epajp xJf;F tpfpjj;jpid
1.50 rjtPjg; Gs;spfshy; 7.50 ,w;Fk; nfhs;if
tl;btPjq;fis nkhj;jkhf 125 mbg;gilg;
Gs;spapdhYk; cah;j;jp 2015,d; ,WjpapypUe;J
kj;jpa tq;fp gpd;gw;wpte;j ,Wf;fkhd ehzaf;
nfhs;if epiyg;ghL tpNrlkhf Nfs;tpj;
J}z;ly; gztPf;fk; kw;Wk; gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
$l;Lf;fspd; Nghf;fpy; tpUk;gj;jf;f ngWNgWfis
tpistpj;jJ. ,j;jifa mgptpUj;jpfs;> Fwpg;ghf>
gztPf;fk; gztPf;fj; Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; ehzaj;
Jiwapd; Nghf;Ffspd; rhjfkhd mgptpUj;jpfs;
nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; ke;jkhd nrayhw;wj;Jld;
$ba #oypy; kj;jpa tq;fpapid ehzaf;
nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bid jsh;j;Jtjw;Fj;
J}z;baJ. ,jd;gb> 2018 Vg;gpwypy; kj;jpa
tq;fp Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpid
25 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspdhy; 8.50 rjtPjj;jpw;F
Fiwj;j mNjNtisapy; Jizepy; itg;G trjp
tPjj;jpid khw;wkpd;wp 7.25 rjtPjj;jpy; Ngzp
mjd; %yk; nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpid 150 mbg;gilg;
Gs;spfspypUe;J 125 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfSf;F
FWf;fkilar; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; cyfg;
nghUshjhu epiyg;ghLfSk; ntspehl;L nryhtzp
tPjk; kPjhd mOj;jKk; 2018 Vg;gpwypUe;J xU
eLepiyahd ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bidg;
gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; nfhs;if tl;btPj tPr;rpDs;
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpid
Nky;Nehf;fp jpUj;Jtjw;Fk; kj;jpa tq;fpapidf;
fl;lhag;gLj;jpd.
y nghUshjhu Kfth;fspd; tpidj;jpwdhd
jPh;khdnkhd;Wf;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghL kw;Wk;
eLj;ju fhyj;jpy; Nguz;lg; nghUshjhug; Nghf;F
Nghd;wit gw;wpa xU njspthd Ghpe;Jzh;tpid
mjd; Kf;fpa Mh;tyh;fSf;F toq;Fk; Nehf;fpy;
kj;jpa tq;fp njhlh;g+l;lypid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gy;NtW Kd;ndLg;Gf;fspidg; gpd;gw;wpaJ.
nghUshjhuj; Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; gpd;gw;wg;glTs;s
nfhs;iffs; njhlh;gpy; xU gue;j topfhl;lypid
toq;Ffpd;w kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Kf;fpa njhlh;g+l;ly;
fUtpahfr; nrayhw;Wfpd;w topfhl;ly; Mz;bd;
njhlf;fj;jpy; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;lJ. topfhl;lYld;
ehzaf; nfhs;if mwptpj;jy;fSf;fhd
xU Kd;$l;bNa gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l ehl;fhl;bAk;
nghJkf;fspw;F fpilf;fj;jf;fjhftpUe;jJ.
Nguz;lg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; gpd;dzp kw;Wk;
mj;jifa nfhs;if jPh;khdq;fspw;fhd cs;shh;e;j
fhuzk; Nghd;wtw;wpidf; Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;b
Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; Kd;Ndhf;fpaJkhd ehzaf;
nfhs;if kPsha;T kPjhd gj;jphpif ntspaPl;bD}lhf
ehzaf; nfhs;if mwptpj;jy;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; kj;jpa tq;fp MSeuhYk;
Vida rpNu~;l mYtyh;fshYk; jiyik
jhq;fg;gl;l gj;jphpif khehL mjidg;
gpd;njhlh;e;jJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Kf;fpa Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfspd; ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; nfhs;if topKiwfis gj;jphpif
ntspaPLfs;> jfty; Fwpg;Gf;fs;> gpuRuq;fs;>
nra;jpj;jpul;L kw;Wk; Vida njhlh;g+l;lY}lhf
fpukkhd mbg;gilapy; midj;J %d;W
nkhopfspYk; kj;jpa tq;fp gpuRhpj;jJld; Nguz;lg;
nghUshjhu juTfs; mjd; ,izaj;jsj;jpy;
fpilf;fj;jf;fjhftpUe;jJ. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
2020Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ik
tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypid gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhf
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik njhlh;ghf
mwpTGfl;Ltjw;fhf Clftpayhsh;fSf;fhd
tpNrl mkh;TfisAk; kj;jpa tq;fp elhj;jpaJ.
tl;b tPj mirTfs;
re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik> re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
FWq;fhy tl;b tPjq;fs;
y ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bw;fikthf XhpuT
tl;b tPjq;fis topelj;Jtjw;fhf cs;ehl;L
gzr; re;ijapy; NghjpasT jputj;jd;ikapd;
10
8
6
4
tiuglk; 7.3
Jizepy; tPj tPr;Rk; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
miog;Gg; gztPjKk;
rd
-18
rd
-15
rd
-16
rd
-17
nrj;-1
5
nrj;-1
6
nrj;-1
8
nrj;-1
7
ent
-15
ent
-16
ent
-17
khh;-1
8
khh;-1
5
khh;-1
6
khh;-1
7
Nk
-18
Nk
-15
Nk
-16
Nk
-17
A+iy
-18
A+iy
-15
A+iy
-16
A+iy
-17
Jizepy; tPj tPr;R
rpwg;G Jizepy; itg;G
trjp tPjk;
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
miog;Gg; gztPjk;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
rjtPjk;
7
105
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
fpilg;gdit cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd
tifapyhd jpwe;j re;ij eltbf;iffis
kj;jpa tq;fp Nkw;nfhz;lJ. kj;jpa tq;fp
Nkw;nfhz;l cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp
re;ijapypUe;J ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd;
nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSf;fhd
xg;GWjpapd; fhuzj;jpdhy; Mz;bd; Kjy; Ie;J
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ruhrhpahf &. 20 gpy;ypad;
kpifahf re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;j
fhyg;gFjpapy;> jFe;j tifapy; jputj;jd;ikia
Kfhikj;JtQ;nra;tjw;fhf kj;jpa tq;fp XhpuT>
FWq;fhy kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy kPs;nfhs;tdT
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. gpujhdkhf
kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;
chpa fhyj;jpw;F Kd;duhd ,isg;ghwy; kw;Wk;
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp re;ijapy;
ntspehl;L nryhtzpapd; tpw;gid vd;gtw;wpdhy;
a+d; Kjy; A+iy eLg;gFjpapy; cs;ehl;Lg; gzr;
re;ijapy; &gha;j; jputj;jd;ik Xh; gw;whf;Fiwia
gjpTnra;jJ. cs;ehl;Lg; gzr; re;ijapy; 2018
a+iy eLg;gFjpapy; jputj;jd;ikapy; Xh; jw;fhypf
mjpfhpg;G fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk; 2018 nrj;njk;ghpd;
gpd;duhd gFjpapy; re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik
kPz;Lk; vjph;f;fzpa kl;lq;fspw;F jpUk;gpaJ.
,J gpujhdkhf muRldhd Kd;Ndhf;fpa
nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; Gwkhw;wy;fs;> ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpapd; gu];gu ghpkhw;wy;fspd; Kjph;r;rp
kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jpiwNrwp cz;bay;
,Ug;gpd; Kjph;r;rpfspd; tpisthFk;. XhpuT re;ijj;
jputj;jd;ik 2018 nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; &.57.7
gpy;ypad; gw;whf;Fiwahff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjk; nfhs;if tPj
tPr;rpd; Nky; vy;iyapd; mUfhikapy; mz;kpf;f
kj;jpa tq;fp mDkjpj;j mNjNtisapy; re;ij
gq;Nfw;ghsh;fspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j;jpnra;tjw;fhf
XhpuT> FWq;fhy kw;Wk; ePz;lfhy Neh;khw;W
kPs;nfhs;tdT nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; mur
gpizaq;fspd; cldb nfhs;tdTfs; %yk;
jputj;jd;ikia toq;fpaJ.
y re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfspd;
khw;wq;fSf;fika XhpuT tl;b tPjq;fs; fyg;ghd
mirTfis fhz;gpj;jd. gpbj;Jitj;jy; thp
rPuhf;fq;fspd; tpisTfs; njhlh;ghd th;j;jf
tq;fpfspd; jtwhd tpsf;fk; fhuzkhf
khr;R ,Wjpapy; Xh; jw;fhypf mjpfhpg;G ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk; 2018,d; Kjy; %d;W
khj fhyg;gFjpapy;; ,J nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpd;
eLg;gFjpapw;fz;ikapNyNa ngUkstpy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> 2018 Vg;gpwypd; Kd;ida
gFjpapy; Jizepy; fld;toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpd;
tPo;r;rpAld; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz
tPjk; tPo;r;rpaile;J 2018 Nk ,Wjp tiu nfhs;if
tPj tPr;rpd; eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. cs;ehl;L
gzr; re;ijapy; 2018 a+d; Kd;ida gFjp Kjy;
fhzg;gl;l gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ikAld;>
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gztPjk;
mjpfhpj;J nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpd; Nky;
vy;iyf;fz;ikapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> 2018
a+iy eLg;gFjp Kjy; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfs;
kpiff;F Nkk;gl;ljdhy; kPz;Lk; 2018 Xfj;J Kjy;
nrj;njk;gh; eLg;gFjpahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gztPjk; nfhs;if tPj
tPr;rpd; eLg;gFjpia Nehf;fp fPo;Nehf;fp efh;e;jJ.
,Ug;gpDk; 2018 nrj;njk;ghpd; %d;whk; fpoik Kjy;
gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ik epiyikfSf;F
gjpypWj;Jk;tifapy;> ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
miog;Gg; gz tPjk; Nky;Nehf;fp rPuhfpaJld; 2018
nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 8.40 rjtPjj;ij va;jpaJ.
NkYk;> ehshe;j jpwe;j re;ij eltbf;if
Vyq;fspd; epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp tpisTfs;
kw;Wk; XhpuT ,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd
toq;fy; tPjk; vd;gd 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpd; mirTfSf;F
xj;jpirthf efh;e;jd. XhpuT kw;Wk; 12 khj
400350300250200150
10050
0
-100-50
-150
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
tiuglk; 7.4
cs;ehl;Lg; gzr;re;ijapd; &gha;j;jputj;jd;ik kw;Wk;
jputj;jd;ik Kfhikj;Jtk;
XupuT Neh;khw;W
kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;
XupuT kPs;nfhs;tdT
Vyq;fs;
ePz;lfhy Vyq;fs; Jizepy; trjp FWq;fhy Vyq;fs;
ruhrup epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
miog;Gg; gztPjk;
(tyJ mr;R)
&. gpy;ypad;
rjtPjk;
A+d; - 1
5
A+d; - 1
6
A+d; - 1
7
A+d; - 1
8
nrj; - 1
5
nrj; - 1
6
nrj; - 1
7
nrj; - 1
8
jpnr
- 14
khh; - 1
5
khh; - 1
6
khh; - 1
7
khh; - 1
8
jpnr
- 15
jpnr
- 16
jpnr
- 17
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
7
106
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd toq;fy; tPjk;
2017 ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l KiwNa 8.15 rjtPjk;
kw;Wk; 12.18 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018
nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;> KiwNa 8.35 rjtPjk;
kw;Wk; 11.50 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;ld.
mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tpisTfs;
y re;ij kNdhghtq;fs;> murpw;fhd
epjpj;Njitg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L
epjpaPl;lq;fspd; fpilg;gdT vd;gtw;wpyhd
khw;wq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; 2018,d; Kjy;
xd;gJ khjq;fspy; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapyhd
tpisTfs; fyg;ghd mirTfis fhl;bapUe;jd.
ntspehl;L epjpaply;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd
jhkjj;jd;ikAld; ,ize;J murpw;fhd mjpfhpj;j
epjpj;Njitg;ghl;bid ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;
Kjyhe;ju re;ijapyhd jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;
kPjhd tpisTfs; 2018,d; Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd Nky;Nehf;fpa mirTfis
fhl;bapUe;jd. mjd;gpd;dh; tpisTfspy; rpy
cWjpj;jd;ik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;
cyfshtpa epjpapay; re;ij epiyikfspy;
,Wf;fj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;likf;F kj;jpapy;
ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fshy; mur gpizaq;fs;
kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyPl;bd; kPs;ngWiffspd;
gFjpasthd fhuzj;jhy; mur gpizaq;fs;
kPjhd tpisTfspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa mOj;jnkhd;iw
2018 Nk khjj;jpy; mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.
Kjyhe;ju Vyq;fspyhd tl;btPjq;fspy; xU
tPo;r;rp mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lijg; Nghd;W Fwpg;ghf
2018 a+iy-Xfj;J khjq;fspy; tpisTfspyhd
Nky; Nehf;fpa mOj;jq;fs; ,yFgLj;jg;gl;l
NghjpYk; KjyPLfspd; ntspg;gha;r;ry;fs; kw;Wk;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ,Wf;fkhd jputj;jd;ik
epiyikfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F kj;jpapy; rhjfkw;w
re;ij kNdhghtq;fspd; fhuzj;jhy; 2018,d;
nrj;njk;gh; khjj;jpy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;
kPjhd tpisTfspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa mirnthd;W
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 2017,d; ,WjpAld;
xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjptiuapyhd
fhyg;gFjpapy; 91-ehs;> 182-ehs; kw;Wk; 364-ehs;
nfhz;l jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd; tpisTfs;
KiwNa 87> 30 kw;Wk; 61 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;
KiwNa 8.56 rjtPjk;> 8.60 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.51
rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jd.
y jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kPjhd tpisTfSk; 2018,d;
Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy; Kjyhe;ju re;ijapy;
fyg;ghd mirTfis fhl;bapUe;jd. 2018,d;
Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;
kPjhd tpisTfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Nghf;fpidj;
njhlh;e;J jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kPjhd tpisTfSk;
mNjkhjphpahd mjpfhpj;j Nghf;nfhd;wpid
fhl;bapUe;jd. vdpDk; mjd;gpd;duhd
fhyg;gFjpapy; re;ij kNdhghtq;fSf;F
,ire;J nry;Yk; tifapy; jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;
kPjhd tpisTfspy; fyg;ghd mirnthd;W
mtjhdpf;;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. murhq;fk; 2018,d;
Kjy; xd;gJ khjfhyg;gFjpapy; FWq;fhy
kw;Wk; eLj;jufhy jpiwNrhp Kwpfspd; toq;fy;
kPJ mjpfsT jq;fpapUe;j mNjNtis
10-tUlq;fs; kw;Wk; 15-tUlq;fs; Nghd;w
ePz;lfhy Kjph;r;rpAila jpiwNrhp KwpfSk;
Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
mNjNtis> murhq;fkhdJ ntt;NtWgl;l
epiyahd kw;Wk; khWfpd;w tPjq;fspy; If;fpa
mnkhpf;f nlhyhpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if
mgptpUj;jp KwpfisAk; toq;fpapUe;jJ. 2018,d;
nrj;njk;ghpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpe;jpa Vyj;jpy;
1-tUlk; kw;Wk; 8-khjq;fs;> 3-tUlq;fs; kw;Wk;
8-khjq;fs; Nghd;w Kjph;r;rpAila ,yq;if
mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs; KiwNa 5.00 rjtPjk; kw;Wk;
5.75 rjtPjk; vd;gtw;wpy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
NkYk;> 2018 Vg;gpwypy; KiwNa 5.75 rjtPjk;
kw;Wk; 6.75 rjtPjk; Nghd;w tPjq;fspy; 5-tUlk;
kw;Wk; 10-tUlk; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfs; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
tiuglk; 7.5
Kjyhe;jur; re;ijapd; jpiwNrhp
cz;bay; tpisTfs; (m)
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
rd
- 15
rd - 1
6
ngg; - 1
7
Vg; - 1
5
Vg; - 1
6
Nk - 1
7
ngg; - 1
8
A+iy
- 15
A+iy
- 16
Xfj; - 1
7
A+d; - 1
8
ent
- 17
nrj
;- 18
xj;- 1
5
ent
- 16
91-ehs; 182-ehs; 364-ehs;
rjtPjk;
(m) nghUj;jkhd Kjph;r;rpf; fhyq;fspy; toq;fg;glhik my;yJ
tpiyf;Nfhuy;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhik vd;gtw;why; rpy thuq;fSf;fhd
tpisT tPjq;fs; fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy.
7
107
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
y 2017,d; ,WjpAld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d;
nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; murhq;f gpizaq;fSf;fhd
,uz;lhe;ju re;ijapd; tpisT tisap Nky;Nehf;fp
efh;e;jpUe;jJ. ,k;Nky;Nehf;fpa efh;tpw;F
,Wf;fkhd ehza epiyikfSf;F kj;jpapy;
re;ij kNdhghtq;fs; gq;fspj;jpUf;ff;$Lk;.
,uz;;lhe;ju re;ijapy; 91-ehs;> 182-ehs; kw;Wk;
364-ehs; nfhz;l jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;
tpisT tPjq;fs; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l
tpisTfSld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh;
,Wjpapy; KiwNa 77 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs;>
58 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs; kw;Wk; 51 mbg;gilg;
Gs;spfs; vd;tw;why; KiwNa 8.45 rjtPjk;>
8.88 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.41 rjtPjk; vd;gtw;wpw;F
mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd. midj;J Kjph;r;rpfisf;nfhz;l
jpiwNrwp Kwpfspd; tpisTfSk; 2017,d;
,Wjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l kl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J 29
njhlf;fk; 74 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs; nfhz;l tPr;rpy;
2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd.
itg;G kw;Wk; fld;toq;fy; tPjq;fs;
y th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; ngUk;ghyhd itg;G
tl;btPjq;fs; Mz;bd; Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy;
cah;e;jsthd kl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gl;ld.
nrj;njk;ghpy; mjpfhpg;nghd;iw gjpTnra;jNghjpYk;
2018 Vg;gpwypy; kj;jpa tq;fpahy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
nfhs;if tl;btPjq;fspd; Fiwg;gpidj; njhlh;e;J
itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fs; gbg;gbahf
tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jpUe;jd. th;j;jf tq;fpfs;
trKs;s midj;J ntspepd;w tl;b ciof;fpd;w
tiuglk; 7.6
mur gpizaq;fSf;fhd ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij tpisT tisap
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
1 tUlk;
2015 ,Wjp 2016 ,Wjp 2017 ,Wjp 2018 nrj; ,Wjp
5 tUlk;
10 tUlk;
15 tUlk;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
rjtPjk;
ml;ltiz 7.1 tl;b tPjq;fspd; mirTfs;
Mz;Lf;fhd rjtPjk;
tl;b tPjk;2017
Kbtpy;
2018 nrj;Kbtpy;
nfhs;if tl;b tPjq;fs;
Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjk; 7.25 7.25 Jizepy; fld;toq;fy; trjp tPjk; 8.75 8.50
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg;gz tPjk; 8.15 8.40
mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tpisT tPjq;fs;
Kjyhe;jur; re;ij (m)
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;
91-ehs; 7.69 8.56 182-ehs; 8.30 8.60 364-ehs; 8.90 9.51
jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;
2-tUlk; 9.83 - 3-tUlk; 9.55 10.03 4-tUlk; 11.14 - 5-tUlk; 10.20 9.91 10-tUlk; 10.36 10.20
,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;
91-ehs; 7.68 8.45 182-ehs; 8.30 8.88
364-ehs; 8.89 9.41
jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; 2-tUlk; 9.37 9.77 3-tUlk; 9.68 10.41 4-tUlk; 9.81 10.55 5-tUlk; 9.96 10.67 10-tUlk; 10.15 10.86
chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs;; (M)
itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 0.50-9.50 0.50-8.50 xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; (,) 4.89-15.00 4.53-15.00 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l itg;G tPjk; (<) 9.07 8.69 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l epiyahd itg;G tPjk; (<) 11.48 10.84 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa itg;G tPjk; (<) 10.06 10.24 (c) ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa epiyahd itg;G tPjk; (<) 10.65 10.69 (c)
fld; toq;fy; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 11.33 11.72 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 13.88 14.18 (c) ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 14.31 14.35 (c)
Vida epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; (C)
itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 4.00 4.00 xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; 11.00 10.50 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; (v) Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 5.43-7.99 5.26-7.95 (c) xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; 12.15-13.71 11.50-13.09 (c)
fld; toq;fy; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp 13.00-16.00 12.75-16.00 mur <l;L KjyPl;L tq;fp (V) 10.50-20.00 10.50-20.00 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs; (v) epjpf; Fj;jif 17.40-28.03 16.89-29.96 (c) thliff; nfhs;tdT 15.00-20.84 13.80-22.43 (c) nka; Mjdq;fSf;F vjpuhd fld;fs; 17.95-20.18 18.82-21.27 (c)
fk;gdp gLfld; re;ij
njhFjpf; fld;fs; 12.50-15.00 12.00-14.20 (c) th;j;jfg; gj;jpuk; 13.75-16.50 13.10-15.00
%yk;: nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghpth;j;jid njhlh;Gila epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
(m) ,Wjpahff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w Vyj;jpy; cs;sthwhd ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l tpisT tPjq;fs;
(M) th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tPjq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ
(,) cah;e;jgl;r tPjkhdJ Fwpg;gpl;l th;j;jf tq;fpfshy;
toq;fg;gl;l rpwg;G tPjkhFk;
(<) 2018 A+iyapypUe;J murpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l %j;j
gpui[fSf;fhd rpwg;G tl;b tPjj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpid
ePf;Ftjw;fhf rpwg;G tl;b tPjkhd 15 rjtPjj;jpw;F
gjpyhf njhlh;Gila re;ij tl;b tPjq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp r.ep.it.tPjKk; r.ep.ep.it.tPjKk;
fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2018 A+dpypUe;J r.ep.G.it.
tPjKk; r.ep.G.ep.it.tPjKk; fzpg;gpLtjw;F ,Nj Kiw
gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(c) 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; cs;sthW
(C) Vida njhpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpapay; epWtdq;fspdhy;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
(v) njhlh;Gila fhyg;gFjpapy;
jpul;lg;gl;l itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; fld;
toq;fy;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;
tl;b tPjq;fspd; vy;iyahdJ chpkk;
ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfshy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l
ruhrhp cah;e;jgl;r kw;Wk; Fiwe;jgl;r
tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
2018 ,w;fhd juT jw;fhypfkhdJ.
(V) tPlikg;G Nehf;fq;fSf;fhd fld;
toq;fy; kl;Lk;
7
108
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fspd; mirTfisg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l itg;G
tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 9.07
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;
38 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy; 8.69 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jJ. mNjNtis th;j;jf
tq;fpfs; trKs;s ntspepd;w fhy itg;Gf;fspd;
tl;btPjq;fspd; mirtpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l epiyahd itg;GtPjKk;
2017,d; ,WjpapypUe;j 11.48 rjtPjj;Jld;
xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;
64 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy; 10.84 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tPo;;r;rpaile;jpUe;jJ. vdpDk; Fwpg;ghf re;ij
gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ik epiyikfis
mDgtpf;Fk;NghJ itg;Gf;fis jpul;Ltjw;fhd
th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; Kaw;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jk;
tifapy; midj;J tl;b tUthia ciof;fpd;w
Gjpa itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;b tPjq;fisg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa
itg;GtPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 10.06
rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
10.24 rjtPjj;jpw;F 18 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;
mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. mNjNtis> ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;
gztPf;fkhdJ ngUk;ghyhd tq;fpfshy;
toq;fg;gl;l itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fisf;
fhl;bYk; kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy;
fhzg;gl;likapd; fhuzj;jhy; itg;ghsh;fs;
Neh;f;fzpa tl;btPjq;fspyhd ed;ikfis
njhlh;r;rpahf ngw;wpUe;jdh;.
y th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; nfhLfld; tPjq;fs;
2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy; njhlh;r;rpahf
mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd. FWq;fhy nfhLfld; tPjq;fspd;
mirtpid gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; th;j;jf
tq;fpfshy; jq;fspd; Kjd;ik thbf;ifahsUf;F
thuhe;jk; toq;fg;gl;l FWq;fhyf; fld;fs;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b
tPjq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gLk; thuhe;j
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy;
tPjk; rpy thuq;fspy; fPo;Nehf;fpa rPuhf;fq;fis
gjpTnra;jpUe;j NghjpYk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 11.55 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d;
nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 19 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;
11.74 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jJ. thuhe;j ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy; tPjq;fspd;
ruhrhpahd khjhe;j ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy; tPjk; 2017Mk; Mz;bd;
,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 11.33 rjtPjj;Jld;
xg;gpLkplj;J 2018Mk; Mz;bd; nrj;njk;gh;
,Wjpapy; 11.72 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy;
toq;fg;gl;l midj;J ntspepd;w fld;fs;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fSf;fhd tl;b tPjq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l
13.88 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 30 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;
2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 14.18 rjtPjj;jpw;F
mjpfhpj;jJ. mNjNtis> Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU
khjj;jpy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy; jdpahh;
Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l midj;J Gjpa fld;fs;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fis
cs;slf;Ffpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa
fld;toq;fy; tPjk; 2017,d; jpnrk;gh; ,Wjpapyhd
14.31 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
4 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy; 14.35 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tiuglk; 7.7
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l re;ij tl;btPjq;fs;
khjhe;j ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
Kjd;ik fld;
toq;fy; tPjk;
ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
itg;G tPjk;
ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
epiyahd
itg;G tPjk;
ruhrhp
epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
fld; toq;fy;
tPjk;
rd
- 15
rd
- 15
rd
- 15
rd
- 16
rd
- 18
Nk
- 14
Nk
- 15
Nk
- 15
Nk
- 17
Nk
- 18
nrj; - 1
4
nrj; - 1
5
nrj; - 1
5
nrj; - 1
7
nrj; - 1
8
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
rjtPjk;
tiuglk; 7.8
Gjpa itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Gjpa fld; toq;fy; tPjq;fs;
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
Gjpa itg;G tPjk;ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l
Gjpa fld;toq;fy; tPjk;
rd
- 16
rd
- 17
rd - 1
8
nrj
;- 16
nrj
; - 17
khh; - 1
6
khh; - 1
7
khh;- 1
8
ent
- 16
ent
- 17
jpnr -
16
jpnr -
17
xj; - 1
6
xj; - 1
7
Nk
- 16
Nk
- 17
Nk- 1
8
A+iy
- 16
A+iy
- 17
A+iy
- 18
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
ngg; - 1
6
ngg; - 1
7
ngg; - 1
8
Vg; - 1
6
Vg; - 1
7
Vg; -
18
A+d; - 1
6
A+d; - 1
7
A+d; - 1
8
Xfj; - 1
6
Xfj;- 1
7
Xfj;- 1
8
rjtPjk;
7
109
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
mjpfhpj;jJ. ngausT tl;btPjq;fisf; fhl;bYk;
gztPf;fkhdJ Fiwe;jstpy; fhzg;gl;likapd;
fhuzj;jhy; ngUk;ghyhd cz;ik nfhLfld;
tPjq;fspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa rPuhf;fq;fs;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
gLfld; rhjdq;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs;
y fk;gdp gLfld; gpizaq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;
tl;b tPjq;fs; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jd. FWq;fhy gLfld;
rhjdkhf tpsq;Ffpd;w th;j;jfg; gj;jpuq;fs;
kPjhd tl;btPjq;fs; 2017,y; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l
13.75-16.50 rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018Mk;
Mz;bd; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspy; 13.10-15.00 rjtPj
tPr;rpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jd. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;>
VO fk;gdpfspdhy; 4-10 Mz;LfSf;fpilg;gl;l
Kjph;r;rpAila Vwj;jho 20 njhFjpf;fld;fspd;
mwpf;iffs; ntt;NtWgl;l epiyahd kw;Wk;
khWfpd;w tl;b tPjq;fspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld.
njhFjpf;fld; gj;jpuq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;
epiyahd tl;b tPjq;fs; 2017 fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 12.50-15.00 rjtPj tPr;Rld;
xg;gpLifapy; 2018Mk; Mz;bd; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
12.00-14.20 rjtPj tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;ld.
ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs;
y th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; Ngzg;gLfpd;w ntspehl;L
ehzaq;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l itg;Gf;fs; kPJ
gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjq;fs; 2018,d; Kjy;
xd;gJ khjfhyg;gFjpapy; fyg;ghd mirTfis
fhl;bapUe;jd. I.m.nlhyhpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;btPjkhdJ 2017,d;
,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 0.02-4.38 rjtPj tPr;Rld;
xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.02-
4.00 rjtPj tPr;rpy; gjpthfpaJ. I.m.nlhyhpy;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jtiz itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd
tl;btPjkhdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapyhd 0.15-
5.03 rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d;
nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.15-6.00 rjtPj tPr;rpy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis gTz;]; ];Nlh;ypq;fpy;
Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd
tl;b tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; gjpthfpa 0.10-2.25
rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh;
,Wjpapy; 0.10-2.47 rjtPj tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.
gTz;]; ];Nlh;ypq;fpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jtiz
itg;Gf;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjk;
2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.10-3.25 rjtPj
tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;lJld; mjdJ xg;gplj;jf;f tl;b
tPjkhdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; 0.20-4.57 rjtPj
tPr;rpw;Fs; fhzg;gl;lJ.
ehza kw;Wk; nfhLfld; $l;Lf;fspd; mirTfs;
xJf;Fg; gzk;
y xJf;Fg; gzk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; kpjkhd Ntfnkhd;wpy;
tphptile;jJ. xJf;Fg; gzj;jpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L
tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l
9.8 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018,d;
Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 10.2 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
ngausT epajpfspy;> xJf;Fg; gzkhdJ 2017Mk;
Mz;bd; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapd; &.55.2
gpy;ypad; tphpthf;fj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018,d;
Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.64.9 gpy;ypadhy;
&.1>004.7 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. xJf;Fg;
gzj;jpd; nghWg;Gg; gf;fj;jpypUe;J ghh;f;Fk;
NghJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l
tphpthf;fkhdJ kj;jpa tq;fpAldhd th;j;jf
tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk;
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaq;fspd; mjpfhpg;G Mfpa
,uz;bdhYk; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. ,jd;gb kj;jpa
tq;fpAldhd th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fs;
&.43.3 gpy;ypadhy; &.385.0 gpy;ypaDf;F
mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fspd;
Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapd; 12.7 rjtPj
tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
16.8 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. fhyg;gFjpapy;
epytpa cah;e;j tl;b tPjq;fspd; fhuzkhf
ehzaq;fis itj;jpUg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gr;
nryT mjpfhpj;jikiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy;
Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaq;fspd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L
tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 8.2
rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
6.5 rjtPjj;jhy; kpjkhdstpy; tsh;r;rpaile;jJ.
,jd;gb Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzak; 2018 Xfj;J
,Wjpapy; &.21.5 gpy;ypadhy; &.619.6 gpy;ypaDf;F
mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
y kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Ie;njhifapd; nrhj;Jf;fs;
gf;fj;jpypUe;J ghh;f;Fk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; xJf;Fg; gzk; mjpfhpj;jikf;F
7
110
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,uz;bYk;
Vw;gl;l tphpthf;fNk fhuzkhFk;. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 2017Mk; Mz;by;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l &.203.9 gpy;ypad; fzprkhdsthd
tPo;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; &. 9.6 gpy;ypadhy; &.103.2
gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;Js;sd. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F
kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa
nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng gpujhd fhuzkhFk;.
kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa
nfhLfld; 2017Mk; Mz;L fhyj;jpd; &.187.9
gpy;ypad; tPo;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyj;jpy; &.20.7 gpy;ypadhy; &.245.8
gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khjfhyj;jpy; &. 24.9 gpy;ypaDf;F tif$wpa
kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l jw;fhypf
Kw;gzq;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd; tpisthNyNa
,J KOikahf Vw;gl;Ls;s mNjNtisapy;
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jpiwNrhp cz;bay; clikfs;
(Njwpa kPs;nfhs;tdT eltbf;iffs;) &.4.2
gpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;Js;sd. ,jw;F Nkyhf
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Vida nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; Vida
nghWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghlhf
tpsq;Ffpd;w kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Vida tplaq;fs;
(Njwpa) Kf;fpakhf gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffspd;
kPs;kjpg;gPl;bdhy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyj;jpy;
&.5.5 gpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;Js;sd. xJf;Fg;
gzj;jpd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;
tifapy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fSk; 2017 fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
&.287.5 gpy;ypad; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.55.3 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
Fwpg;ghf gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSldhd ntspehl;L
epjpapay; nghWg;Gf;fSk; mjpfhpj;Js;s NghjpYk;
ntspehl;L gpizaq;fspd; KjyPl;by; Vw;gl;l
mjpfhpg;Ng kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sJ
vdpDk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy;
ntspehl;L epjpapay; nghWg;Gf;fspd;
tphpthf;fj;jpid tpl kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;L
epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gpaik
tpQ;rpAs;sjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
FWfpa gzk; (M1)
y nghJkf;fspd; trKs;s ehzak; kw;Wk; Nfs;tp
itg;Gf;fis cs;slf;Ffpd;w FWfpa gzkhdJ
(M1)> cah;e;j tl;btPj #oYld; ,ize;J nry;Yk;
tifapy; 2017 ,Wjpapd; 2.1 rjtPj Mz;Lf;fhz;L
tsh;r;rpiaj; njhlh;e;J 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 4.3
rjtPj tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg; gjpTnra;J njhlh;e;Jk;
kpjkhfNt tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. nghJkf;fspd;
trKs;s ehzaq;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd;
tpistpdhNyNa 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; FWfpa gzk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
,jd;gb> nghJkf;fspd; trKs;s ehzak; 2017,d;
2.3 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyj;jpy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 4.6
rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJld; ,J FWfpa
gzj;jpd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Vwj;jho 62 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tif$wpAs;sJ. mNjNtis cah;e;j re;ij tl;b
tPjq;fs; epyTk; #onyhd;wpy; tl;b ciof;fhj
itg;GfSf;F Vw;gLfpd;w Fiwthd Nfs;tpiag;
gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd
nghJkf;fs; trKs;s Nfs;tp itg;Gf;fs; 2018
Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy;
3.8 rjtPjkhd kpjkhd tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg;
gjpTnra;Js;sd. ngausT epajpfspy; Nfs;tp
itg;Gf;fs; 2017 ,Wjpapd; &. 353.9 gpy;ypadpypUe;J
2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; &. 24.1 gpy;ypadhy; &.329.8
gpy;ypaDf;F RUf;fkile;Js;sd.
tiuglk; 7.9
ehshe;j xJf;Fg;gzk; (m)
&. gpy;ypad;
2016 2017 2018
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
(m) epajp xJf;F tpfpjj;jpd; jpUj;jq;fshy; 2016 rdthpapYk; gUtfhy
Nfs;tpapdhy; Vg;gpwy; kw;Wk; jpnrk;gh; fhyq;fspy; Vw;gl;l fLikahd
mjpfhpg;gpdhYk; xJf;Fg; gzj;jpy; vjph;ghuhj khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld.
rd
Xfj;
ngg;
nrj;
ent
khh;
xj;
jpnr
Vg;
Nk
A+d;
A+iy
7
111
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
tphpe;j gzk; (M2b) kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lf; nfhLfld;
y fle;j fhyq;fspy; kj;jpa tq;fpahy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,Wf;fkhd ehzaf; nfhs;if
epiyikfSf;Fg; gjpypWj;Jk; tifapy; tphpe;j
gz epuk;gypd; (M2b) tsh;r;rp 2018,y; njhlh;e;Jk;
nkJtile;Js;sJ. tphpe;j gzepuk;gypd; (M2b)
Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapd; 16.7
rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
13.5 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w mNjNtis ruhrhp
tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
20.1 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d;
Kjy; vl;L khjfhyg;gFjpapy; 15.4 rjtPjkhff;
fhzg;gl;lJ. jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l
nfhLfld; tsh;r;rpapd; njhlh;r;rpahd nkJtilNt
tphpe;j gz tsh;r;rp Fiwtile;jikf;fhd
Kf;fpa gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
,uz;bdJk; tphpthf;fk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyj;jpd; ehza tsh;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sd.
2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tphpe;j
gzf; $l;Lf;fspd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L tphpthf;fj;jpw;F
Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 73 rjtPjkhd
gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpAs;s mNj Ntisapy;
vQ;rpa gFjpf;F Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
tif$wpAs;sd.
y nghWg;Gg; gf;fj;jpy;> tq;fpfSldhd nghJkf;fs;
trKs;s fhy kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fspy;
Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng tphpe;j gzj;jpd; (M2b)
tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspj;Js;sd.
Mz;L fhyj;jpy; cah; re;ij tl;b tPjq;fshy;
th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G
itg;Gf;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F ftug;gl;L
tphpe;j gzj;jpd; (M2b) tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Vwj;jho
96 rjtPj gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpAs;sd. jtiz
kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 19.1 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ
Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 2018 Xfj;J
,Wjpapy; 14.8 rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sd.
,jd; tpisthy; ngausT epajpfspy; th;j;jf
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G
itg;Gf;fs; 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l &.662.5 gpy;ypad; mjpfhpg;Gld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
&.560.1 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sd.
y nrhj;Jf;fs; gf;fj;jpy;> 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Njwpa
ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; mjpfhpj;jikf;F kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspy;
Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng KOikahf tif$wpAs;sJ.
ngausT epajpfspy;> 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.55.4 gpy;ypadhy; tphptile;j
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fshy; ce;jg;gl;L> 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
&. 45.3 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. mNjNtis
cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfspd; Njwpa
ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.23.1 gpy;ypadhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikapd; jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypf;Fk;
tiuglk; 7.10
tphpe;j gzj;jpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wj;jpw;fhd
gq;fspg;G - M2b (nrhj;Jf;fs; gf;fk;)
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp&. gpy;ypad;
Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs;murpw;fhd Njwpa
nfhLfld;
jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd
nfhLfld;Vida tplaq;fs;
(Njwpa)
mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd
nfhLfld;
rd
- 14
Vg; - 1
5
A+d; - 1
4
nrj; - 1
5
ent
- 14
ngg; - 1
6
A+iy
- 16
jpnr
- 16
Nk
- 17
xj; - 1
7
khh; - 1
8
Xfj; - 1
8
tiuglk; 7.11
tq;fpj; njhopy;Jiwapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
&. gpy;ypad;
rd
- 14
jpnr
- 16
A+d; -
14
Nk
- 17
ent
- 14
xj; -
17
Vg; -
15
khh; -
18
nrj; -
15
Xfj; -
18
ngg; -
16
A+iy
- 16
ehza mjpfhu rigfspd;
Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs;
th;j;jf tq;fpfspd;
Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs;
tq;fpj; njhopy;Jiwapd;
Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs; %yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
800
1000
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800-1000
7
112
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
tifapy; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspd;
Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.10.0 gpy;ypadhy;
Fiwtile;Js;sd. ntspehl;L tq;fpfSldhd
ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpdhy;
tif$wg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspd;
mjpfhpg;Gf;F kj;jpapYk; th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd
tjptw;Nwhh; trKs;s ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gg;
nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng cs;ehl;L
tq;fpj;njhopy; gphptpd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; tPo;r;rpf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhfpaJ.
mNjNtis> Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhyg;gFjpapy; ntspehl;L
nrhj;Jf;fis tpl ntspehl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs;
Fiwtile;jikahy; fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy;
gphptpd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.13.1
gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. tjptw;NwhUf;fhd
nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gf;F kj;jpapYk;
ntspehl;L tq;fpfSldhd itg;Gf;fspd;
RUf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf fiufle;j tq;fpj;
njhopy; gphpTfspd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
rpwpjsthy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sd tjptw;Nwhh;
trKs;s itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;GfSf;F
kj;jpapy; ntspehl;L tq;fpfsplkpUe;jhd
fld;ghLfspd; tPo;r;rp ntspehl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhfpaJ.
y jdpahh; kw;Wk; mur Jiwfs; Mfpa
,uz;bw;Fkhd nfhLfld; gfph;e;jspg;Gf;fspy;
Vw;gl;l tphpthf;fj;jpdhy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;
Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; tphptile;Js;sd.
ngausT epajpfspy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikapd;
Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 2017,d; mNj
fhyg;gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l &.463.8 gpy;ypad;
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.513.0 gpy;ypadhy;
mjpfhpj;Js;sd.
y murhq;fj;jpd; fld;ghLfspd; Nghf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l
rpy Nkk;ghLfisg; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy;
2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapdhy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l
Njwpa nfhLfldpd; tphpthf;fk; kpjkile;Js;sJ.
tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikapd; murpw;fhd Njwpa
nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
fhzg;gl;l &.265.4 gpy;ypad; mjpfhpg;Gld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.103.4 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
xl;Lnkhj;j tphpthf;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;gpy; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfldhdJ
2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;l;l
&.119.5 gpy;ypad; RUf;fj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ
2018,d; Kjy; vl;Lkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.20.7
gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. th;j;jf tq;fpfspd;
murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d;
njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
&.384.9 gpy;ypadhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;Lkhj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.82.7 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfshy; murpw;F
toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa nfhLfld; tphpthf;fNk
2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l
Njwpa nfhLfldpd; mjpfhpg;Gf;F KOikahd
fhuzkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w mNjNtisapy;
Mz;L fhyj;jpy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; fiufle;j
tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l
Njwpa nfhLfld; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. cs;ehl;L
tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l
fhyk;
ngWkjp khw;wk; (&. gpy;ypad;) cs;ehl;Lf; nfhLfldpd; gq;F (%)
cs;ehl;L nfhL-
fld; (m)jdpahu;Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; (M)
muRf;fhd Njwpa nfhLfld;
mur
$l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd
nfhLfld; (M)
jdpahu;Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; (M)
muRf;fhd Njwpa nfhLfld;
mur
$l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd
nfhLfld; (M)
2014 439.4 219.0 134.6 85.8 49.8 30.6 19.52015 1,091.9 688.6 323.6 79.7 63.1 29.6 7.32016 939.6 743.9 212.6 -16.9 79.2 22.6 -1.82017 833.0 613.4 196.4 23.2 73.6 23.6 2.8
rd - Xfj; 2017 677.8 404.7 265.4 7.7 59.7 39.2 1.1rd - Xfj; 2018 655.1 449.1 103.4 102.5 68.6 15.8 15.6
(m) cs;ehl;Lf; nfhLfldhdJ jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld;> murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfld; kw;Wk; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspw;fhd nfhLfld; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.(M) jpUj;jg;gl;lJ
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
ml;ltiz 7.2
cs;ehl;L nfhLfld; tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpfs;
7
113
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
Njwpa nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d; &. 322.1 gpy;ypad;
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; rdthp-Xfj;J
tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; &.92.1 gpy;ypadhy;
mjpfhpj;jikf;F jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;>
jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if mgptpUj;jp
Kwpfspd; kPjhd KjyPl;by; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng
gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. mNjNtis Ma;Tf;Fhpa
fhyg;gFjpapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd murpd;
Nkyjpg;gw;W epYitfs; kw;Wk; murpd; cs;ehl;L
ehzaf; fld;fs; KiwNa &. 19.6 gpy;ypadhYk;
&.3.4 gpy;ypadhYk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. fiufle;j
tq;fpj;njhopy; gphptpdhy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l
Njwpa nfhLfld; 2017,d; &.62.2 gpy;ypad;
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy;
vl;Lkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.9.4 gpy;ypadhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy;
gphpTfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa nfhLfldpd;
tPo;r;rpf;F fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfspd;
,yq;if mgptpUj;jp Kwpfspd; KjyPLfs;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;.
y Kf;fpa mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspd; Fiwe;j
epjpapay; nrayhw;wj;jpd; tpisthy; mit
tq;fpfs; kPJ jq;fpapUf;Fk; jd;ikfs;
mjpfhpf;fg;gl;likapdhy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd
nfhLfld; tpiuthd tPjnkhd;wpy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
mur$l;Lj;jhgdq;fshy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
nfhLfld; 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l &.7.7 gpy;ypad; mjpfhpg;Gld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.102.5 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
2018,d; Kjy; vl;Lkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; mur
$l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd nfhLfldpd; xl;Lnkhj;j
jpuz;l mjpfhpg;ghdJ &.42.3 gpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd
,yq;if kpd;rhu rig kw;Wk; &.39.4 gpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdk;
Nghd;w Kf;fpa murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghuj;
njhopy;Kaw;rp epWtdq;fspd; fld;ghLfshy;
J}z;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Njrpa ePh;toq;fy; kw;Wk;
tbfhyikg;Gr; rig kw;Wk; =yq;fd; vahh;iyd;];
$l;LwT nkhj;j tpw;gid epiyak; kw;Wk; tPjp
mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigAk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;
mtw;wpd; fld;ghLfspy; mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidg;
gjpTnra;Js;sd. mNjNtis ,yq;if tskhf;fp
$l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; nfhOk;G th;j;jf tskhf;fpfs;
vd;gd 2018,d; Kjy; vl;Lkhj fhyg;gFjpapy;
KiwNa &.5.0 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; &.2.4 gpy;ypad;
ngWkjpahd mtw;wpd; fld; nghWg;Gf;fis
th;j;jf tq;fpfSf;F kPsr; nrYj;jpAs;sd.
y cah;e;j tl;b tPjq;fspidg; gpujpgypj;J
2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspy; jdpahh;
Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; tsh;r;rp Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l
kl;lq;fSf;F nkJtile;jJ. ,jd;gb>
jdpahh;Jiwf;fhd nfhLfldpd; tsh;r;rp 2017,d;
Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 17.8 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 2017
,Wjpapd; 14.7 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018
Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 14.3 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.
ehzaf; nfhs;if topKiwfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf>
Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fs; Nghd;w Fwpj;j JiwfSf;fhd
kpjkpQ;rpa nfhLflid fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
Nguz;l Kd;kjpAila topKiwfspd; njhlh;r;rpAk;
jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfldpd; nkJtiljYf;F
gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jpUf;fyhk;. vdpDk;> ngausT
epajpfspy; jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; 2017,d;
njhlh;Ggl;l fhyg;gFjpapd; &.404.7 gpy;ypad;
mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; &.449.1 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJ.
y nghUshjhuj;jpd; midj;J Kf;fpa JiwfSf;Fk;
toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfldhdJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;
gFjpapy; tphptile;jikahdJ nghUshjhu
eltbf;iffSf;F Mjutspf;Fk; tifapy;
tsq;fs; NghJkhdstpy; fpilf;fj;jf;fjhf
,Ug;gjidf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. th;j;jf
tiuglk; 7.12
th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh;Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld;
200
150
100
50
- 50
-
40
30
20
10
0
-10
75.843.2
74.459.2
14.3
&. gpy;ypad;
nfhLfldpd; khjhe;j khw;wk;
(ngausT epajpfspy;) nfhLfldpd;
Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp
(tyJ mr;R)
rjtPjk;
rd
- 14
jpnr
- 16
A+d; -
14
Nk
- 17
ent
- 14
xj; -
17
Vg; -
15
khH
- 18
nrj; -
15
Xfj; -
18
ngg; -
16
A+iy
- 16
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
7
114
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l fld;fs;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; fhyhz;L mstPl;bd;
mbg;gilapy; Ntshz;ikj; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld;
2018,d; a+d; ,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy;
16.0 rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
,J Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gpuNjrq;fspy; epytpa
thdpiy njhlh;ghd Fog;gepiyikfspypUe;J
kPl;rpailtjw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhd
fld;ghLfs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;ljidg; gFjpastpy;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. mNjNtis ifj;njhopy;
Jiwf;fhd nfhLflDk; 2018 a+d; ,Wjpapy;
Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 19.7 rjtPjj;jhy;
tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd;
midj;Jj; Jizj; JiwfSf;Fkhd nfhLfld;
gha;r;ry; Neh;f;fzpa tsh;r;rp tPjj;ijg; gjpT
nra;Js;s mNjNtisapy;> ifj;njhopy;
Jiwf;fhd nkhj;jf; nfhLfld; gha;r;rypy;
Vwj;jho 48 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk;> jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd
nkhj;jf; nfhLfldpy; 20 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk;
tif $wpAs;s fl;Lkhz Jizj;Jiwf;fhd
nfhLfld; 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 21.8 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ
2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L
mbg;gilapy; 18.5 rjtPj tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg; gjpT
nra;Js;sJ. nkhj;j tpw;gid kw;Wk; rpy;yiw
th;j;jfk;> Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; epjpapay; kw;Wk; tpahghug;
gzpfs; Jizj; Jiwfspd; fld;ghLfshy;
vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;L gzpfs; Jiwf;fhd
nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;;l 15.8 rjtPj Mz;Lf;fhz;L
tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;
gFjpapy; 14.2 rjtPjkhf tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
mNjNtis jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk;
Kw;gzq;fspd; tifapd; fPohd nfhLfld; 2017,d;
njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 17.9
tiuglk; 7.13
Kf;fpa JiwfSf;F th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; - 2018 (m)
Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb - &. 31.0 gpy; 16.0%
ifj;njhopy; - &. 190.1 gpy; 19.7%
gzpfs; - &. 126.7 gpy; 14.2%
jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs; - &. 28.1 gpy;11.2%
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpbrhh;e;j Vida fld;fs;
kPd;gpb
&. 11.2 gpy;20.9%
&. 3.0 gpy;8.7%
&. 2.6 gpy;;18.0%
&. 1.2 gpy;4.6%&. 1.2 gpy;
3.5%
&. 0.4 gpy;1.9%
nkhj;j tpw;gidkw;Wk; rpy;yiw
&. 20.1 gpy;14.0%
Rw;Wyh
&. 18.2 gpy;18.5%
fg;gNyw;wy;>thd; Nghf;Ftuj;J
kw;Wk; ruf;F gupkhw;wk;
&. 1.2 gpy;-10.0%
gzpfs; rhHe;jVida fld;fs;
&. 37.4 gpy;12.8% Vida jdpg;gl;l
fld;fs;
&. 15.3 gpy;13.1%
mlFgpbj;jy;
&. 7.8 gpy;13.6%
ePz;l fhy EfHTg;nghUl;fs;
&. 5.0 gpy;4.0%
epjpapay; kw;Wk;tpahghug;gzpfs;
&. 49.8 gpy;16.2%
&. 14.5 gpy;20.0%
Njapiy&. 76.2 gpy;18.5%
fl;llthf;fk;
&. 10.7 gpy;11.8%
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
&. 26.4 gpy;24.1%
cUtikf;fg;gl;l cNyhfcw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfs; kw;Wk;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fUtpfs;
&. 70.9 gpy;23.3%
ifj;njhopy; rhu;e;jVida fld;fs;
,wg;gu;
njq;F
ney;kuf;fwp goq;fs;
. 10.7 11.8%
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7 11.8%
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7 11.8%
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
. 10.7 gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpygpy;gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
gpy
czT kw;Wk;czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;
&. 5.9 gpy;15.2%
Glitfs; kw;Wk;Milfs;
(m) 2018,d; Kjyiug; gFjpapy; tHj;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahH Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; khw;wj;jpidg; ngausTj; njhiffs; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;w
Ntisapy; rjtPjkhdJ 2018 A+d; ,WjpapYs;sthwhd Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsHr;rpiaf; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
7
115
ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;
rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;
gFjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 11.2
rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. mlFgpbj;jy;
Kw;gzq;fspd; tsh;r;rp 2017,d; njhlh;ghf
fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 12.4 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J
2018 a+d; ,Wjpapy; 13.6 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;Js;s
mNjNtisapy; ePz;lfhy Efh;Tg; nghUl;fspd;
nfhs;tdTfSf;fhfg; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;l
nfhLfld; Kd;ida Mz;bd; njhlh;ghd
fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 20.4 rjtPjkhd
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd tsh;r;rpapypUe;J 2018 a+d;
,Wjpapy; 4.0 rjtPjj;jpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
tphpe;j gzk; (M4)
y epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ehza
nghWg;Gf;fspd; nkJtiljiy gpujpgypf;Fk;
tifapy;> epjpapay; mstPl;lhy; (M4) 1 mstplg;gl;l
tphpe;j gz epuk;gypd; tsh;r;rp 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; NkYk; nkJtile;jJ. M2b,d;
mNj Nghf;fpid gpd;gw;wpa M4,d; Mz;Lf;fhz;L
tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 17.6
1 chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpAld; chpkk;ngw;w
rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j tq;fpffs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfis
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L epjpapay; mstPnld;gJ jputj;jpd;ikapd; Xh; gue;j
mstPl;il toq;fpwJ.
Jiw 2017 A+d;,Wjpapy;
2017 jpnr
,Wjpapy;
2018 A+d;,Wjpapy; (<)
Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wk;
(A+d; 17/A+d; 18)
ngWkjp %
Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb 382.0 412.4 443.3 61.3 16.0,jpy;> Njapiy 84.6 91.0 102.3 17.6 20.9
,wg;gh; 25.3 24.4 27.5 2.2 8.7 njq;F 19.6 20.4 23.1 3.5 18.0ney; 32.3 32.6 33.8 1.5 4.6kuf;fwp> goq;fs; kw;Wk; rpW czTg; gaph;fs; 27.2 29.3 28.1 0.9 3.5kPd;gpb 16.8 17.5 17.1 0.3 1.9
ifj;njhopy; 1,864.0 2,041.4 2,231.5 367.5 19.7
,jpy;> fl;llthf;fk; 902.8 993.5 1,069.7 166.9 18.5czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs; 103.6 105.1 115.8 12.2 11.8Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs; 156.8 174.7 180.6 23.8 15.2cUtikf;fg;gl;l cNyhf cw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfSk;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fSk; 158.5 170.3 196.7 38.2 24.1
gzpfs; 1,331.0 1,393.9 1,520.6 189.5 14.2
,jpy;> nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw th;j;jfk; 400.0 435.8 455.9 56.0 14.0Rw;Wyhj;Jiw 160.4 172.0 190.1 29.7 18.5epjpapay; kw;Wk; tpahghu gzpfs; 306.6 306.5 356.3 49.7 16.2fg;gNyw;wy;> thd; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; ruf;Fg; ghpkhw;wk; 22.7 19.2 20.4 -2.3 -10.0
jdpg;gl;l fld;fSk; Kw;gzq;fSk; (c) 972.1 1,053.2 1,081.2 109.2 11.2
,jpy;> ePz;lfhy Efh;Tg; nghUl;fs; 207.0 210.2 215.2 8.2 4.0mlF gpbj;jy; 137.5 148.4 156.2 18.7 13.6fldl;il 82.0 91.5 92.8 10.8 13.2
nkhj;jk; 4,549.1 4,900.9 5,276.6 727.5 16.0
ml;ltiz 7.3
th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l ntspepd;w nfhLfldpd; tifg;gLj;jy; (m) (M) (,)
(m) th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; fhyhz;L mstPl;bd;
mbg;gilapyhdJ
(M) fld;fs;> Nkyjpfg; gw;Wf;fs; kw;Wk; fopT nra;ag;gl;l cz;bay;fs; cs;slq;fyhfTk; Nrfhpg;G nrad;KiwapYs;s fhR
tplaq;fs; ePq;fyhfTk;
(,) ,t;tl;ltizapYs;s nkhj;jg; ngWkjpfs; ml;ltiz 7.2 ,Ys;s jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l
nfhLfldpypUe;J NtWgLtjw;Ff; fzpg;gPl;L KiwfspYs;s NtWghLfNs fhuzkhFk;.
(<) jw;fhypfkhdJ
(c) zifj;njhopypd;Z fPo; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; zfl;llthf;fj;jpd;Z fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJkhd jdpg;gl;l tPlikg;Gf; fld;fs;
ePq;fyhfTk; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;G jpl;lj;Jld; njhlh;Gila fld;fs; cs;slq;fyhfTk;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
tiuglk; 7.14
Kf;fpa JiwfSf;F kj;jpa tq;fpfshy;
toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfldpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp
rjtPjk;
khh;- 1
4
khh;- 1
5
khh;- 1
6
khh;- 1
7
khh;- 1
8
A+d; -
14
A+d; -
15
A+d; -
16
A+d; -
17
A+d; -
18
nrj; -
14
nrj; -
15
nrj; -
16
nrj; -
17
jpnr
- 14
jpnr
- 15
jpnr
- 16
jpnr
- 17
Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb ifj;njhopy; gzpfs; jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk;
Kw;gzq;fs;jdpahh;Jiwf;fhd
nkhj;jf; fld;fs; kw;Wk;
Kw;gzq;fs;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
60
50
50
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
7
116
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; 12.7 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.
nghWg;Gf;fs; gf;fj;jpy;> chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf
tq;fpfs;> chpkk;ngw;w rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
vd;gtw;wpy; nghJkf;fspd; jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G
itg;Gf;fs; vd;git 2017 ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l
19.7 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018 Xfj;J
,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L hPjpapy; 14.0 rjtPjj;jhy;
tsh;r;rpaile;jJ. chpkk;ngw;w rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;
vd;gtw;wpYs;s jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs;
2017 ,Wjpapy; KiwNa gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 15.2
rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 29.4 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;
2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 9.6 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.2
rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;jd. M4,d; nrhj;Jg;
gf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs;
kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa
cs;ehl;L nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs; ,uz;bd; tsh;r;rpapdhyhd
tphpthf;fkhFk;. ,jw;Nfw;g> Ma;Tf;Fhpa
fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs; kw;Wk;
chpk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr;
nrhj;Jf;fs; &. 570.2 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJld;
chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w
epjpf;fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
&. 37.2 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jd.
JiwXfj;-17 Kbtpy;
2017
Kbtpy;
Xfj;-18
Kbtpy; (m)
Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wk;
2017 Kbtpy; Xfj;-18
ngWkjp % ngWkjp %
epjpapay; mstPL (M4) 7,457.0 7,795.9 8,403.3 1,165.7 17.6 946.3 12.7
cs;slq;Fk; fhuzpfs; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; -205.2 -34.2 3.0 349.0 91.1 208.3 101.5
ehza mjpfhurigfs; 745.8 846.1 901.5 287.5 51.5 155.7 20.9chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; -795.9 -724.6 -734.6 65.2 8.3 61.2 7.7c.ng.rp.tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; c.ng.ep.fk;gdpfs; -155.1 -155.7 -163.8 -3.8 -2.5 -8.7 -5.6
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ehza mjpfhurigfs; 293.5 225.1 245.8 -187.9 -45.5 -47.8 -16.3
chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; 1,944.0 1,943.4 2,026.1 384.3 24.6 82.2 4.2
c.ng.rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; 541.4 545.6 565.5 30.0 5.8 24.0 4.4chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs; 64.2 64.8 66.1 -3.3 -4.9 1.9 2.9
mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd nfhLfld; (M) 521.5 537.0 639.5 23.2 4.5 118.0 22.6
jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; (M) 6,230.9 6,525.8 7,136.4 832.2 14.6 905.5 14.5chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; (M) 4,590.5 4,799.2 5,248.4 613.4 14.7 657.9 14.3
c.ng.rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; 631.9 676.8 721.5 114.6 20.4 89.6 14.2
chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs;; 1,008.6 1,049.8 1,166.5 104.2 11.0 158.0 15.7
Vida tplaq;fs; (Njwpa) (,) -1,933.3 -2,011.7 -2,279.1 -261.8 -15.0 -345.7 -17.9
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