ekonomisti 2-2013 bolo -...

IIIISSN 1987-6890

saerTaSoriso samecnierosaerTaSoriso samecnierosaerTaSoriso samecnierosaerTaSoriso samecniero----analitikuri Jurnalianalitikuri Jurnalianalitikuri Jurnalianalitikuri Jurnali

International ScientificInternational ScientificInternational ScientificInternational Scientific----Analytical JournalAnalytical JournalAnalytical JournalAnalytical Journal

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J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2013

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutipaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutipaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutipaata guguSvilis ekonomikis instituti

ekonomistiekonomistiekonomistiekonomisti ssssaeraeraeraerTaSoriso samecnieroTaSoriso samecnieroTaSoriso samecnieroTaSoriso samecniero----analianalianalianalitiktiktiktikuri Jurnaliuri Jurnaliuri Jurnaliuri Jurnali

gamodis 2009 wlis ianvridangamodis 2009 wlis ianvridangamodis 2009 wlis ianvridangamodis 2009 wlis ianvridan

martimartimartimarti apriliapriliapriliaprili 2222

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mTavari redaqtori mTavari redaqtori mTavari redaqtori mTavari redaqtori ramaz abesaZeramaz abesaZeramaz abesaZeramaz abesaZe

samecnierosamecnierosamecnierosamecniero----saredaqcio kolegiasaredaqcio kolegiasaredaqcio kolegiasaredaqcio kolegia

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondentebi:

vladimer papava, avTandil vladimer papava, avTandil vladimer papava, avTandil vladimer papava, avTandil silagaZe, leo CiqavasilagaZe, leo CiqavasilagaZe, leo CiqavasilagaZe, leo Ciqava ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: iuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, Temur beriZe, giorgi beruiuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, Temur beriZe, giorgi beruiuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, Temur beriZe, giorgi beruiuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, Temur beriZe, giorgi berulalalalava, vaxtang va, vaxtang va, vaxtang va, vaxtang burduli, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, burduli, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, burduli, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, burduli, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, alfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabalfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabalfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabalfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabiSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, iSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, iSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, iSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, uSangi samauSangi samauSangi samauSangi samadadadadaSviSviSviSvili, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina li, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina li, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina li, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti.CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti.CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti.CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti. ekonomikis doqtorebi: nanuli arevaZe, nana bibilaSvili, nanuli arevaZe, nana bibilaSvili, nanuli arevaZe, nana bibilaSvili, nanuli arevaZe, nana bibilaSvili, badri geCbaia, badri geCbaia, badri geCbaia, badri geCbaia, merab gvelesianmerab gvelesianmerab gvelesianmerab gvelesiani, Salva gogiaSvili, i, Salva gogiaSvili, i, Salva gogiaSvili, i, Salva gogiaSvili, lina dalina dalina dalina daTuTuTuTunaSvilinaSvilinaSvilinaSvili,,,, gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), revrevrevrevaz jaaz jaaz jaaz javavavavaxiSvili. xiSvili. xiSvili. xiSvili. Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani) ucxoeli wevrebi: ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa belinskaiabelinskaiabelinskaiabelinskaia (litva), eldar is(litva), eldar is(litva), eldar is(litva), eldar ismailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), mailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), mailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), mailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), daviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTadaviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTadaviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTadaviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), vladivari redaqtoris moadgile), vladivari redaqtoris moadgile), vladivari redaqtoris moadgile), vladimer menSikovi (latvia), mer menSikovi (latvia), mer menSikovi (latvia), mer menSikovi (latvia), mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini (ruseTi). (ruseTi). (ruseTi). (ruseTi).

Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. redaqciis Sexeduleba redaqciis Sexeduleba redaqciis Sexeduleba redaqciis Sexeduleba SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs dadadada igiigiigiigi pasuxs ar agebs informaciis pasuxs ar agebs informaciis pasuxs ar agebs informaciis pasuxs ar agebs informaciis sizusteze.sizusteze.sizusteze.sizusteze.

TbilisiTbilisiTbilisiTbilisi


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Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics

EKONOMISTI International Scientific-Analytical Journal

Published from January 2009

March April 2222

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Editor-in-Chief Ramaz Abesadze

SCIENTIFIC-EDITORIAL BOARD

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:

Leo Chikava, Vladimer Papava, Avtandil Silagadze DOCTORS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: Iuri Ananiashvili, Roseta Asatiani, Temur Beridze, Giorgi Berulava, Vakhtang Burduli, Nodar Chitanava, Tina Chkheidze, Revaz Gogokhia, Mikhail Jibuti, Revaz Kakulia, Temur Kandelaki, Eter Kharaishvili, Murman Kvaratskhelia, Alfred Kura tashvili, Jakob Meskhia, Elguja Mekvabishvili, Solomon Pavliashvili, Ushangi Samadashvili, Roland Sarchimelia, Temur Shengelia, Avtandil Sulaberidze. DOCTORS OF ECONOMICS: Nanuli Arevadze, Nana Bibilashvili, Lina Datunashvili, Gulnaz Erkomaishvili, Badri Gechbaia, Shalva Gogiashvili, Merab Gvelesiani, Revaz Javakhishvili, Nazira Kakulia, Eteri Kakulia, Anzor Kuratashvili, Tea Lazarashvili (deputy editor-in-chief), Iza Natelauri, Nodar Khaduri, Mamuka Khuskivadze (deputy editor-in-chief), Dali Sologhashvili. Tamar Dadiani (executive secretary) FOREIGN MEMSERS: Anna Akhvlediani (Great Britain, executive secretary abroad), Larisa Belinskaja (Lithuania), Eldar Ismailov (Azerbaijan), Gindra Kasnauskiene (Lithuania), David Kurtanidze (USA, deputy editor-in-chief abroad), Vladimir Menshikov (Latvia) , Slawomir Partycki (Poland), Mikhail Roketlishvili (USA), Dmitri Sorokin (Russia).

The journal follows the principles of free press. The views of editorial board do not necessarily reflect author's option and it accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of information.

Tbilisi


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s a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v is a r C e v i

saqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomika

vladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papava, , , , Tamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZe –––– saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebisa da perspeqtivis Sesaxeb

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Salva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSvili ____ saqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikis ganviTarebis qronologia

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menejmentimenejmentimenejmentimenejmenti

evgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvili, badri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaia – infrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSi

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sazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomika

vladimir kucenkovladimir kucenkovladimir kucenkovladimir kucenko – sazogadoebis socialur-ekonomikuri mowyobis

instituciuri gardaqmna

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ana Sevcovaana Sevcovaana Sevcovaana Sevcova, , , , ssssvvvvetlana greCnaiaetlana greCnaiaetlana greCnaiaetlana greCnaia ____ sinergia ukrainis qimiuri mrewvelobis sawarmoebis integraciul ganviTarebaSi

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turizmiturizmiturizmiturizmi

paata Caganavapaata Caganavapaata Caganavapaata Caganava _ _ _ _ turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcireba ciklebis urTierTdabalansebis safuZvelze

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saerTaSoriso vsaerTaSoriso vsaerTaSoriso vsaerTaSoriso vaWrobaaWrobaaWrobaaWroba

vasil xizaniSvili _vasil xizaniSvili _vasil xizaniSvili _vasil xizaniSvili _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizacia 81818181

makroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomika

mariam vaSakiZe, naTela kakauriZemariam vaSakiZe, naTela kakauriZemariam vaSakiZe, naTela kakauriZemariam vaSakiZe, naTela kakauriZe ____ xelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSi

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mariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZe ____ dasaqmebis da umuSevrobis problemebi saqarTveloSi

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mamamamagistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebigistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebigistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebigistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi

bekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievi _ saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi globali-zaciis pirobebSi: evroaziuri integraciis aqtualuri sakiTxebi

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darJan kazbekovadarJan kazbekovadarJan kazbekovadarJan kazbekova _ sajaro diplomatiis roli saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis sferoSi

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nino jerenaSvilinino jerenaSvilinino jerenaSvilinino jerenaSvili _ turistuli produqtis aRqma 108108108108

mniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocema

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informaciainformaciainformaciainformacia

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ЭКОНОМИКА ГРУЗИИГРУЗИИГРУЗИИГРУЗИИ

Владимир Папава, Тамара Тапладзе –––– Об основных тенденциях и перспективах экономического развития Грузии

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Шалва Гогиашвили –––– Хронология развития экономической политики конкуренции Грузии

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МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ

Евгений Бараташвили, Бадри Гечбаия – Инфраструктурный подход в сервисном менеджменте

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ЭКОНОМИКА ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН

Куценко Владимир Институциональные преобразования социально-экономи-ческого обустройства общества

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Анна Шевцова, Светлана Гречаная –––– Синергия в интеграционном развитии предприятий химической промышленности Украины

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ТУРИЗМ

Паата Чаганава – Сокращение колебаний в развитии туристического пункта назначения на основе сбалансированных циклов

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МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ

Василий Хизанишвили –––– Либерализация международной торговли 81818181

МАКРОЭКОНОМИКА

Мариам Вашакидзе, Натела Какауридзе –––– Анализ уровня и динамики зарплаты в Грузии

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Мариам Вашакидзе –––– Анализ уровня занятости и безработницы в Грузии 91919191

НАУЧНЫЕ ТРУДЫ МАГИСТРАНТОВ И ДОКТОРАНТОВ

Бекбалат Альмадиев– Международные отношения в условиях глобализации: актуальные вопросы евразийской интеграции»

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Даржан Казбекова _ Роль публичной дипломатии в сфере международных экономических отношений

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Нино Джеренашвили _ Восприятие туристского продукта 108108108108

ВАЖНОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ

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ИНФОРМАЦИЯ

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C O N T E N T S

ECONOMY OF GEORGIA

Papava Vladimer, Tapladze Tamar – On the Main Trends and Prospects of the Georgia’s Economic Development

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Gogiashvili Shalva – Timeline of Economic Policy of Competition in Georgia 17

MANAGEMENT

Baratashvili Evgeni, , , , Gechbaia Badri – Infrastructural Approach in Service Management

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ECONOMY OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Kutsenko Vladimir– Institutional Transformations the Socio-Economic Structure of the Society

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Shevtsova Anna, Grechanaya Svetlana – Synergy in Integration Development of Ukrainian Chemical inDustry Enterprises

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TOURISM

Chaganava Paata – Reducing Fluctuations in Tourism Destination Development on the Basis of Balanced Cycles

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Khizanishvili Vasil – International Trade Liberalization 81

MACROECONOMICS

Vashakidze Mariam, Kakauridze Natela – Salary Level and Dynamic Analysis in Georgia

86

Vashakidze Mariam – The Analysis of Employment and Unemployment in Georgia 91

SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF UNDERGRADUATES AND DOCTORAL STU DENTS

Almadiev Bekbalat – International Relations Under Globalization: the Actual Issues of Eurasian Integration

97

Darzhan Kazbekova – The role of public diplomacy in the sphere of international economic relations

102

Jerenashvili Nino – Tourist Product Perception 108 SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATION

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INFORMATION

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saqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomikasaqarTvelos ekonomika

vladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papavavladimer papava ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

wevr-korespondenti, paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis mTavari mecnier-TanamSromeli

Tamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZe

paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebissaqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebissaqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebissaqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebisa da peZiriTadi tendenciebisa da peZiriTadi tendenciebisa da peZiriTadi tendenciebisa da perrrrspeqtivis Sesaxebspeqtivis Sesaxebspeqtivis Sesaxebspeqtivis Sesaxeb

2012 wlis oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg saqarTve-loSi daiwyo xelisuflebis mSvidobiani Secvlis procesi. am viTare-baSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba im prioritetebis gamovlenas, romlebic safuZvlad unda daedos qveynis ganviTarebis strategias. mo-cemuli amocanis gadasaWrelad ki aucilebelia qveynis ekonomikaSi Seq-mnil viTarebaSi garkveva.

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdgom ocwleul-Si saqarTvelos ekonomikam didi cvlilebebi ganicada [1]. damoukideb-lobis pirveli wlebi gansakuTrebiT mZime gamodga, roca yovelgvari gaazrebuli ekonomikuri politikis gareSe myofi qveyana [2] SeiaraRe-bul konfliqtebSi aRmoCnda CaTreuli. mniSvnelovani Secdomebi gan-sakuTrebiT sawyis etapze – mbrZanebluridan sabazro ekonomikaze ga-dasvlisas iqna daSvebuli [3].

yvela am Secdomis Sedegad 1993 wels mTlianma Siga produqtma 1990 wlis mTliani Siga produqtis 30,73% Seadgina; 1994 wels infla-ciis wliurma donem 7 840%-s gadaaWarba [4, gv. 98].

1995 wels warmatebiT ganxorcielebulma fuladma reformam [5] makroekonomikuri stabilurobis miRwevasa [6-8] da 1996-1997 wlebSi mTlianma Siga produqtis TiTqmis 24%-ian zrdas Seuwyo xeli [4, gv. 98].

saqarTvelos ekonomikaze 1998 wlis ruseTis defoltis uaryo-fiTma gavlenam [5, gv. 196-197], xolo SemdgomSi ekonomikis reformire-baSi daSvebulma Secdomebma [9], qveyanaSi sabiujeto da energetikuli krizisebi gaamwvava [10]. 2003 wlisTvis saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 52-55%-s saarsebo minimumze naklebi Semosavali hqonda (magaliTad, [11, gv. 61]).

2003 wlis „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg saqarTveloSi koruf-ciasTan brZola daiwyo [12], ris Sedegad sabiujeto da energetikuli krizisebi daiZlia. 2005 wlidan, axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis waylo-biT, sagadasaxado tvirTi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, biznesis wamosaw-yebad saWiro procedurebi arsebiTad gamartivda, ZalaSi axali Sromi-Ti kanonmdebloba Sevida, romelmac daqiravebulebTan urTierTobebSi damqiraveblebs sruli Tavisufleba mianiWa. aman saqarTvelos neo-


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liberaluri reformebis gamtarebeli qveynis imiji Seuqmna (magaliTad, [13-14]). amavdorulad, sakuTrebis uflebis Selaxvis uamravi faqti dafiqsirda [15], msxvili biznesi mTlianad mTavrobis mier kontro-lirebadi gaxda [16]; antimonopoliuri kanonmdeblobisa da Sesabamisi samsaxuris gauqmebam ekonomikis mZlavri monopolizacia gamoiwvia [17], xolo masobrivi korufciis gaqrobas, rac ZiriTadad meqrTameobaSi gamoixateboda, elitaruli korufciis SemaSfoTebeli masStabebi mohyva [18-20]. Tavisi xasiaTiT es darRvevebi neobolSevizmis sadaria, ris Sedegadac Tanamedrove saqarTvelos ekonomika neoliberalizmisa da neobolSevizmis simbiozs warmoadgens [21; 22, gv. 13].

2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos omis Semdeg evrokavSirma saqarT-velosaTvis Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis SeTavazebis mzadyofna ga-moavlina [23], Tumca winaswar rigi pirobebis Sesrulebac moiTxova. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania bazris regulireis evropuli tipis antimonopoliuri institutebis implementacia da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva, kerZod ki – sasursaTo usafrTxoebis nawilSi. samwu-xarod, saakaSvilis mTavrobam, am pirobebis dakmayofilebis Seferxebis gziT [24], evrokavSirTan molaparakebebis procesis dawyebis gasaWianu-reblad Zala ar daiSura.

2009 wlis dasawyisSi SeerTebul Statebsa da saqarTvelos So-ris strategiuli partniorobis qartias moewera xeli, romelic SeerTe-buli Statebis mxridan saqarTvelosTvis Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRwevis SesaZleblobas iTvaliswinebs [25]. am dromde am mimarTulebiT, Tundac Temaze molaparakebebis dawyebis doneze, realuri nabijebi je-rac ar gadadgmula.

yovelive amis fonze aucileblad gasarkvevia is ZiriTadi maxa-siaTeblebi, riTac gamoirCeva Tanamedrove qarTuli ekonomika.

Tanamedrove saqarTvelos ekonomikis modeli, samwuxarod, da-fuZnebulia ara imdenad warmoebis zrdaze, ramdenadac moxmarebis sti-mulirebaze, ramac mravali uaryofiTi Sedegi gamoiwvia.

moxmarebis stimulirebam ekonomikis realuri seqtoris saTanado ganviTrebis gareSe moitana is, rom importi eqsports TiTqmis 4-jer aRemateba; eqsportis struqturaSi ki 22% msubuq avtomobilebze, xolo 8% jarTze modis. am dros ki cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi avtom-Senebloba ar arsebobs, rac imas metyvelebs, rom eqsportis aRniSnuli 22% imis Sedegia, rom mezobel qveynebSi gayidvis mizniT saqarTvelo msubuqi avtomobilebis Semomtanis saSuamavlo funqcias asrulebs. im-portisgan eqsportis mniSvnelovani CamorCena da is, rom eqsportis 30%-s saqarTvelos ekonomikis realuri seqtoris produqts ar warmoadgens, saqarTvelos ekonomikis SedarebiTi CamorCenilobis dasturia.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis ufro moxmarebaze, vidre warmoebaze orientaciis faqts isic mowmobs, rom kerZo da saxelmwifo moxmarebis jamuri moculoba mTliani Siga produqtis 90%-s Seadgens (magaliTad, [26, gv. 80]).

warmoebis SedarebiTi CamorCenilobis pirobebSi, moxmarebis zrdas sazRvargareTidan Semodinebuli fuladi saxsrebi uzrunvel-yofs: „vardebis revoluciis“ pirvel wlebSi es, upiratesad, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebisa (magaliTad, [27]) da sazRvargareT mcxovrebi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisa da maTi naTesavebis fuladi gzavnilebis xarjze xorcieldeboda [28].


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pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi, rogorc wesi, uZrav qonebaSi akumulirdeboda, rac mTlianobaSi qveynis SigniT damatebiT finansur resurss qmnida. ZiriTadad sabanko sistemiT Semodinebuli es finansuri resursi binaTmSeneblobis zrdas uwyobda xels, romelic, Sesabamisi saxelmwifo kontrolis ararsebobis pirobebSi, kargad cnobil „safi-nanso piramidis“ sistemad iqca [29, gv. 72].

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTve-los mravalma moqalaqem sxvadasxva mizeziT datova qveyana. amJamad saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa TiTqmis 20% (milionze meti) sazRvargareT cxovrobs (maT Soris – 2/3 ruseTSi, danarCenebi ki ZiriTadad saberZ-neTSi, TurqeTSi, ukrainaSi, aSS-sa da espaneTSi) [26, gv. 81]. mxolod sabanko arxebiT Semosuli fuladi gzavnilebis odenoba yovelwliurad 1 miliard aSS dolars aWarbebs. es fuli ZiriTadad pirveladi moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad gamoiyeneba.

danazogebis dabali maCveneblidan gamomdinare, komerciuli ban-kebis sakredito resursebis zrdisa da Sevsebis ZiriTad wyaros evro-pul safinanso bazrebze aRebuli sesxebi warmoadgenda, riTic, Tavis mxriv, ZiriTadad sayofacxovrebo teqnikis SeZenisa da samSeneblo biz-nesis dakrediteba xdeboda. magram, radgan saqarTvelo sayofacxovrebo teqnikas ar awarmoebs, gamodioda, rom saqarTvelos komerciuli ban-kebis samomxmareblo kreditebi ekonomikis realuri seqtoris ganvi-Tarebas am teqnikis mwarmoebel qveynebSi uwyobda xels. maSasademe, sa-qarTvelos sabanko seqtori mesame qveynebis ekonomikis realuri seqto-ris ganviTarebis dakreditebisTvis sazRvargareTidan sasesxo saSua-lebebis mozidvis finansuri rgoli aRmoCnda [29, gv. 72-73].

amrigad, „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg saqarTveloSi finansuri resursebis Semodinebis zrdam axali moTxovna gaaCina, Tumca warmoebis ganviTrebas xeli ver Seuwyo.

globaluri safinanso-ekonomikuri krizisis dawyebis Semdeg sa-qarTveloSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis Semodineba mkveTrad dae-ca. es 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos ommac ganapiroba. imavdorulad, rogorc am omSi dazaralebul mxares, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobam finansuri daxmarebis saxiT saqarTvelos 5,8 miliardi aSS dolari SesTavaza [30], ramac mas globaluri safinanso-ekonomikuri krizisis zegavlena SedarebiT iolad gadaatanina.

ekonomikis realuri seqtoris arasakmarisad ganviTrebis gamo umuSevrobis done sakmaod maRalia. 13-15%-is farglebSi meryeobs (maga-liTad, [31, gv. 53]), Tumca adgilobrivi da ucxouri arasamTavrobo or-ganizciebis mier Catarebuli mosaxleobis sxvadasxva sociologiuri gamokiTxvis mixedviT, gamokiTxulTa 70% Tavs umuSevrad miiCnevs (maga-liTad, [32]). es pirvel yovlisa aixsneba imiT, rom samuSao Zalis 50-57% TviTdasaqmebulia (magaliTad, [26, gv. 78; 31, gv. 53]) da maTi SromiT mo-povebuli Semosavali imdenad dabalia, rom adamianebi msgavs samuSos dasaqmebad ver aRiqvamen.

TviTdasaqmebuli mosaxleobis 80% soflis meurneobis wilad modis. amave dros, soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli mTliani samuSao Zalis 54% mTliani Siga produqtis 8%-ze odnav mets qmnis mxolod. soflis meurneobis gasaviTareblad saukeTeso bunebriv-klimaturi pi-robebis mqone saqarTvelosTvis mocemuli viTreba naklebwarmoebis


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agrarul krizisze metyvelebs. Tavis mxriv, es garemoeba pasuxobs kiT-xvas, Tu ratom modis sasursaTo kalaTis 80% importul saqonelze.

saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba kidev im mizeziTac dazaralda, rom 2006 wlidan ruseTis mTavarma sanitarulma eqimma, viTom da dabali xarisxis sababiT, qarTuli warmoSobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis ruseTSi Setana akrZala (magaliTad, [33]).

turizmis ganviTarebis stimulirebam saqarTveloSi sursaTze moTxovnileba gazarda, rac agraruli krizisis pirobebSi mxolod im-portis zrdis xarjze SeiZleba dakmayofildes. msoflio ekonomikaSi agflaciuri procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarT-veloSi agflaciis ”importic” mimdinareobs.

gasakviri araa, rom siRaribis zRvars miRma mosaxleobis 40% cxovrobs, xolo TviTdasaqmebuli mosaxleobis 64%-is Semosavali saar-sebo minimums ar aRemateba [11, gv. 61].

Seqmnil viTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saqar-Tvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis swor gaazrebas da saTanado orientirebis dasaxvas.

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis modelis ZiebaSi (magaliTad, [34-36]) sa-qarTvelo formalurad – realurad gadadgmuli nabijebis gaTvalis-winebis gareSe – aqtiur propagandas uwevda evropul orientacias (maga-liTad, [37]). amis naTeli magaliTia mTavrobis qceva evrokavSirTan Ta-visufali vaWrobis reJimis miRwevis saqmeSi [38]. amasTan, prezident saakaSvilis azriT, ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo singapuris modelis mixedviT unda viTardebodes. saqarTvelos ekonomikis e.w. „singapurizaciis“ gzaze dayenebiT, saakaSvilis mTavroba sul ufro da ufro aSorebda saqarTvelos evrokavSirsa da, mTlianobaSi, ekonomikis mowyobis evropul tips (magaliTad, [39, gv. 41; 40]).

2020 wlamde ekonomikis ganviTarebis SesaZlo scenarebidan, for-malurad SesaZlebelia zemoxsenebuli moxmarebis mastimulirebeli eko-nomikuri politikis SenarCunebaze dafuZnebuli scenaris gamoyofa. 2012 wlis 1 oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, am scenaris ganxorcielebis albaToba faqtobrivad nuls gautolda, vinaidan arCevnebSi miliarder biZina ivaniSvilis opoziciurma koa-licia „qarTulma ocnebam“ gaimarjva. saarCevno kampaniisas koalicia „qarTuli ocneba“, akritikebda ra saakaSvilis mTavrobis ekonomikuri politikis, aqcents ekonomikis realuri seqtoris ganviTarebis stimu-lirebaze akeTebda mosaxleobis Raribi fenis socialuri mxardaWeris paralelurad (magaliTad, [41]). biZina ivaniSvili, Caudga ra saTaveSi mis mierve formirebul mTavrobas, winasaarCevno dapirebebis Sesrule-bas Seudga.

axali realiebidan gamomdinare ufro realisturad briuselTan molaparakebaTa procesis daCqarebis scenari gamoiyureba evrokavSirTan Tavisaufali vaWrobis reJimis miRwevis mizniT. amis imeds axali xelisuflebis mier antimonopoliuri regulirebisa (magaliTad, [17]) da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis evropuli tipis sistemis implemen-taciis Taobaze gakeTebuli gancxadebebi iZleva.

antimonopoliuri regulireba konkurenciis ganviTarebas Seuw-yobs xels. biznesSi araformalur Carevaze uarTan erTad, rac „qar-Tuli ocnebis“ liderebis mier araerTxel gacxadebula mkafiod, sa-


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qarTvelos ekonomikis demonopolizacia biznenis ganviTarebisTvis di-di biZgis mimcemi gaxdeba.

evrokavSirTan Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRweva araugvianes 2014 wlisa savsebiT realisturia. es ki, Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos eko-nomikis realur seqtorSi kerZo investiciebis mozidvis pirobebs Seqm-nis, vinaidan samuSao Zalis SedarebiTi siiafe (evrokavSirTan Sedare-biT), biznesis registraciis gamartivebuli sistema da arc Tu maRali gadasaxadebi (kvlav evrokavSirTan SedarebiT), SesaZloa saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis mastimulirebeli faqtori aRmoCndes. radgan amJamad evrokavSiris ekonomika saqarTvelos ekonomi-kas 2 000-jer aRemateba (magaliTad, [26, gv. 83]), evrokavSirTan Tavisufa-li vaWrobis reJimi saqarTvelos ekonomikas bazris masStabis gasafar-Toeblad xarisxobrivad ukeTes pirobebs Seuqmnis.

Tuki saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris bazrisTvis gankuTvnili maRal-xarisxiani produqciis warmoeba daiwyeba, maSin, 2008 wels TurqeTTan miRweuli Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis gaTvaliswinebiT [42], warmoe-bul produqciaze moTxovna Turqul bazarsac gauCndeba.

saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis mocemuli scenari, rome-lic efuZneba evrokavSirTan Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimsa da evrokav-Sirsa da TurqeTSi eqsportis zrdas, sakmaod realisturad gamoiyu-reba.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom SeerTebul Statebsa da saqarTvelos Soris zemoxsenebuli qartiis xelmoweridan oTxi wlis Tavze Tavisu-fali vaWrobis reJimis Taobaze molaparakebaTa procesi jerac ar dawyebula, ase Cans, rom Sesabamisi SeTanxmeba saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi 2020 wlisTvis Tu iqneba miRweuli, rac imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikaze am hipoTeturi SeTanxmebis zegavlena 2020 wlisTvis praq-tikulad umniSvnelo iqneba.

naklebad eqvemdebareba prognozebs ruseTTan savaWro urTier-Tobebis sruli masStabiT aRdgenis SesaZlebloba [43, gv. 41], vinaidan es sakiTxi ufro politikuri, vidre ekonomikuri xasiaTisaa [44, gv. 75-76]. msoflio savaWro organizaciaSi saqarTvelosa da ruseTis wevroba su-lac ar warmoadgens sakmaris pirobas am qveynebs Soris vaWrobis sa-kiTxebis mosagvareblad [45, gv. 74]. am viTarebidan gamomdinare, ruseT-Tan savaWro urTierTobebis mogvarebis gaTvaliswineba 2020 wlisTvis saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis prognozSi praqtikulad SeuZle-belia.

ruseTTan srulmasStabiani savaWro urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba, Tavis mxriv, afxazeTis teritoriaze gamavali da jer kidev 1992 wlis agvistoSi gaCerebuli ruseTsa da somxeTTan saqarTvelos damakavSire-beli transkavkasiuri sarkinigzo magistralis aRdgenis mizanSewoni-lobis sakiTxs aqtualurs xdis (magaliTad, [46, gv 189-191]).

evrokavSirTan Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRwevisa da mis bazaze TurqeTTan savaWro urTierTobebis gafarToebis realistur scenarze dayrdnobiT SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom 2013-2020 wlebSi sa-qarTveloSi ekonomikis saSualo zrda 5-10%-s Sedagens. amasTan, ufro pesimisturi – saSualod 5%-iani ekonomikuri zrda – SesaZloa globa-luri krizisuli movlenebiT, xolo ufro optimisturi – saSualod 10%-iani zrda – msoflio ekonomikis stabiluri ganviTarebiT iyos gan-pirobebuli. es ki niSnavs, rom mTliani Siga produqti mosaxleobis


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erT sulze 2020 wlisTvis 2011 welTan SedarebiT saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi 2,3-ze metad gaizrdeba da mosaxleobis erT sulze 7 395,4 aSS dolars Sedagens (2011 wels es maCvenebeli 3 215,4 aSS dolars gautolda [47]).

saqarTvelos ekonomikis SedarebiTi upiratesobebis gamosavlenad Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadhyo, rom misi ZiriTadi seqtorebia: trans-portireba, uwinares yovlisa – energetikuli resursebisa, agreTve – soflis meurneoba da kvebis mrewveloba, hidroenergetika, turizmi (magaliTad, [26, gv. 83; 48, gv. 55]).

bunebrivia, rom zemoxsenebuli ekonomikuri zrda swored rom am seqtorebis xarjze miiRweva, sadac saqarTvelo SedarebiT upirate-sobas flobs.

ekonomikis realuri seqtoris ganviTreba, evropuli tipis axali SromiTi kanonmdeblobis miReba, agreTve saTanado socialuri politika – xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis cxovrebis xarisxis gaum-jobesebas.

msoflio qveynebis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis Sesaxeb msof-lio bankis maCveneblebze dayrdnobiT, 2020 wlisTvis ekonomikuri viTareba saqarTveloSi TiTqmis iseTive iqneba, rogorc igi amJamadaa evrokavSiris iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa bulgareTi da rumineTi, magram uaresi, vidre latviasa da litvaSi [47].

warmodgenili kvlevis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis Semdegi rekomendaciebis formulireba:

• saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis pirveli rigis amocana evrokavSir-Tan Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimis miRweva da yvela im poten-ciuri SesaZleblobis amoqmedebaa, rasac evrokavSirTan ekono-mikuri integracia moitans. amisaTvis saqarTvelos mTavrobis ekonomikurma politikam yuradReba antimonopoliuri reguli-rebis evropuli modelis pirobebSi warmoebis ganviTarebaze, momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvasa da SromiT urTierTobebze unda gaamaxvilos.

• aSS-sa da saqarTvelos Soris strategiuli partniorobis Sesa-xeb qartiis farglebSi, aucilebelia aSS-sTan Tavisufali vaW-robis reJimis miRwevaze molaparakebaTa procesis dawyeba. Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom aSS-sTan Tavisufali vaWrobis reJi-mis pirobebi evrokavSirTan Tvisufali vaWrobis reJimis piro-bebTan ar Sevides winaaRmdegobaSi. amisTvis briuselsa da va-Singtons Soris Sesabamisi koordinacia gaxdeba saWiro am pro-cesSi Tbilisis aqtiuri CarTviT.

• saqarTvelos axalma mTavrobam ruseTis bazarze qarTuli firme-bis dabrunebas xeli ar unda SeuSalos. TviT firmebma ki ru-seTis mTavari sanitaruli eqimis samsaxurs unda warudginon maT mier warmoebuli produqciis xarisxis damadasturebeli aucilebeli dokumentacia, romelsac unda daurTon am sa-qonlis msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis bazarze (aSS, evrokavSiris qveynebi, CineTi, iaponia da sxv.) daSvebis mowmobebi. ruseTis bazarze maTi produqciis daSvebaze morigi uaris SemTxvevaSi ki saqarTvelos mTavrobas am firmebis interesebis dacva ukve msoflio savaWro organizaciis farglebSi mouwevs. saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier am rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswineba

saqarTvelos saeqsporto potencialis gafarToebas Seuwyobs xels, rac


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qveynis sacialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis umniSvnelovanes amoca-nas warmoadgens. imavdroulad, yuradsaRebia, rom mocemuli rekomen-daciebis xorcSesxma realisturia, rogorc saqarTveloSi arsebuli yvela Sesabamisi faqtoris, ise saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan Cveni qveynis dasaxmareblad gacxadebuli mzaobis gaTvaliswinebiT.

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30. Papava V. “Post-War Georgia’s Economic Challenges”. Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, 2008, Vol. 10, No. 23, November 26, http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/4991.

31. ToqmaziSvili m. “Sromis bazris ganviTarebis socialur-eko-nomikuri da instituciuri aspeqtebi saqarTveloSi”. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri tendenciebi, 2007, ivlisi.

32. “Unemployment the Major Problem in Georgia.” The Messenger, 2010, May 10 http://www.messenger.com.ge/issues/2102_may_10_2010/2102_econ_one.html.

33. Livny E., Ott M., and Torosyan K. “Impact of Russian Sanctions on the Georgian Economy”. Georgia in Transition, L. King, and G. Khubua, eds. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.

34. Beridze T. “The National Economic Model and Globalization (the Case of Georgia)”. Georgia in Transition, L. King, and G. Khubua, eds. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.

35. Gogolashvili K. “In Search of Georgia’s Economic Model”. South Caucasus – 20 Years of Independence. Tbilisi: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. 2011, http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/georgien/08706.pdf.

36. samsoni i. “ganviTarebis gzis Zieba: saqarTvelos amocanebi”. sa-qarTvelos ekonomikuri tendenciebi, 2006, # 4, marti.

37. Papava V., and Tokmazishvili M. “Becoming European. Georgia’s Strategy for Joining the EU”. Problems of PostCommunism, 2006, Vol. 53, No. 1.

38. Papava V. “The Essence of Economic Reforms in Post-Revolution Georgia: What about the European Choice?” Georgian International Journal of Science and Technology, 2008, Vol. 1, Issue 1.

39. Исраелян Я. “Экономика Южного Кавказа: сближение с Европой?”. Кавказский акцент, 2010, № 11.

40. Максоева В. “Не Сингапур, а Кипр!” Кавказский акцент, 2010, № 10. 41. Jones S. F. Democracy in Georgia: Da Capo? Cicero Foundation Great Debate Paper,

2013, No. 13/02, April, http://www.cicerofoundation.org/lectures/Stephen_Jones_Georgia.pdf.

42. Tsikhelashvili, K., Chkhutishvili I., Shergelashvili T., and Geybullayeva A. Georgian–Turkish Free Trade Agreement 2008: Implications Two Years After. Tbilisi: The European Initiative Liberal Academy Tbilisi, 2011, http://iliablog2011.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/attachment.pdf.

43. silaevi n., da suSencovi a. saqarTvelo arCevnebis Semdeg da rusul–qarTuli urTierTobebis perspeqtivebi. moskovi: ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis saxelmwifo instituti (universiteti), http://www.mgimo.ru/georgiareport/i/Silaev-Sushentsov_MGIMO-Georgia-Report_Geo.pdf.

44. Папава В. “Экономическая составляющая российско-грузинского конфликта.” Кавказ и глобализация, 2012, Том 6, Вып. 1.

45. papava v. “saqarTvelo-ruseTis ekonomikur urTierTobaTa evo-lucia postsabWoTa periodSi: ganvlili gza da perspeqtivebi”. krebulSi: ruseTi da saqarTvelo: gamosavlis ZiebaSi. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvle-vis fondi, 2011, http://www.gfsis.org/media/download/library/articles/RUSSIA_AND_GEORGIA_SEARCHING_THE_WAY_OUT_Georgian_Publication.pdf.

46. ismailovi e., da papava v. centraluri kavkasia: geopolitikuri ekonomiis narkvevebi. Tbilisi, “diogene”, 2007.


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47. GDP Per Capita (Current US$). The World Bank, 2013, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD.

48. papafilipu a. “mdgradi ekonomikuri zrdis riskebi saqarTve-loSi”. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri tendenciebi, 2008, Tebervali.

vladimervladimervladimervladimer papavapapavapapavapapava ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis

wevr-korespondenti, paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis mTavari mecnier-TanamSromeli

Tamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZeTamar TaflaZe paata guguSvilis saxelobis

ekonomikis institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi ZiriTadi ZiriTadi ZiriTadi

tendenciebisa da pespeqtivis Sesaxebtendenciebisa da pespeqtivis Sesaxebtendenciebisa da pespeqtivis Sesaxebtendenciebisa da pespeqtivis Sesaxeb

reziumereziumereziumereziume

saqarTvelom, Tavisi damoukideblobis ganmavlobaSi ver SeZlo iseTi ekonomikuri sistemis Seqmna, romelic satbiluri ekonomikuri ganviTarebis safuZveli iqneboda. imedebi verc im reformebma gaamar-Tla, romlebic “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg gatarda. Sedegad saqar-TveloSi Camoyalibda Raribi qveynis momxmarebluri ekonomikis modeli. 2012 wlis oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis opoziciuri Zalebis mogebis Semdeg ekonomikis konkurentunariani realuri seqtoris Sesaqm-nelad da gasaviTareblad qveyanas kidev erTi Sansi mieca. amisaTvis aucilebelia Tavisufali vaWrobis rejimis miRweva evrokavSirTan (da SedarebiT Soreul perspeqtivaSi aSS-Tan), da ruseTTan vaWrobis ganaxleba. am amocanebis realizacia axali mTavrobis mxridan mizan-mimarTul qmedebebs moiTxovs.


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Владимир Папава доктор экономических наук, профессор,

член-корреспондент Нациландьной академии наук Грузии, главный научный сотрудник Института экономики имени Паата Гугушвили

Тамара Тапладзе научный сотрудник Института экономики имени Паата Гугушвили

ОБ ОСНОВНЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГРУЗИИ

Резюме За время своей независимости Грузии так и не удалось создать такую

экономическую систему, которая была бы основой для стабильного экономического развития. Не оправдали ожидания и реформы, проведенные после «Революции роз». В итоге в Грузии сложилась модель потребительсвкой экономики бедной страны. После победы на парламентских выборах октября 2012 года опозиционных сил, у страны появился еще один шанс создания и развития конкурентноспособного реального сектора экономики. Для этого необходимо достижение режимов свободной торговли с ЕС (и чуть в отдаленной перспективе с США), и возобновление торговли с Россией. Реализация этих задач требует целенавправленных действий нового Правительства.

Vladimer Papava

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Principal Research Fellow at the Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics

Tamar Tapladze

Researcher at the Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economi

ON THE MAIN TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF THE GEORGIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Summary

During its independence Georgia could not develop such an economic system that

would serve as the basis for sustainable economic development. Neither the reforms conducted after the Rose Revolution have met the expectations. In a nutshell a consumer economy, typical for poor countries, has emerged in Georgia. After the opposition won the Parliamentary elections of October 2012 the country has been presented with still another change to develop the economic sector based on real competition. For this to be archived it is indispensible to achieve free trade with EC (and with the USA, which is a remote possibility) and restore trade with Russia. To accomplish these objectives the new Government needs to channel its targeted efforts to this end.


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Salva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori

saqsaqsaqsaqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikisarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikisarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikisarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikis

ganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologia

damoukideblobis miRwevisa da sabazro ekonomikur urTierTobeb-ze gadasvlis sawyis etapzeve saqarTveloSi dRis wesrigSi dadga gan-viTarebis ekonomikuri modelis SerCeva da saTanado ekonomikuri poli-tikis ZiriTadi konceftualuri mimarTulebebis Camoyalibeba. buneb-rivia, maTi praqtikuli gamoxatuleba da sistemuri, TandaTanobiTi rea-lizacia mxolod Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis daCqarebuli for-mirebiT, aRmasrulebeli institutebis SeqmniT da sakanonmdeblo moT-xovnebis sameurneo cxovrebaSi saswrafo danergviTa da misi Tanamimdev-ruli ganxorcielebiT iyo SesaZlebeli.

sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom ganviTarebis Tanamedrove ekono-mikuri modelebis ZiriTadi gansxvavebebi sabazro urTierTobaTa siste-maSi saxelmwifos gansxvavebuli adgiliTa da roliT aris ganpiro-bebuli; miuxedavad moTxovna-miwodebis dabalansebaSi konkurenciis principebis ualternativo upiratesobisa sabazro ekonomikis yvela modelisaTvis, anglo-saqsuri modelebi, eyrdnobian ra “liberaluri bazris” koncefcias, maqsimalurad aTavisufleben sabazro meqanizms sa-xelmwifo Carevebisagan (rac ar niSnavs saxelmwifos mxridan Ziri-Tadi, maT Soris ekonomikuri Sinaarsis funqciebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmas) da ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi e.w. stiqiuri, anu TviTregulirebis meqanizmisaTvis meti “ndobis” gamocxadebas uWeren mxars. rac Seexeba sabazro ekonomikis e.w. germanul-Svedur, anu socialurad orientire-bul modelebs, saxelwodebidan gamomdinarec Cans, rom saxelmwifo maqsimalurad cdilobs moaxdinos sabazro meqanizmis negatiuri Se-degebis koreqtireba sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenis (ara marto kon-kurenciaSi gamarjvebulTa, aramed sazogadoebis socialurad Seda-rebiT susti da naklebad daculi nawilis) socialuri interesebis ga-TvaliswinebiTa da sasargeblod. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic ar xdeba sa-bazro ekonomikis mTavari mastimulirebeli berketis - konkurenciis mniSvnelobis ignorireba.

sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia sabazro ekonomikis marTvis warmodgenac ki, radgan am ukanasknelis erT-erTi umTavresi upiratesoba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis administraciul-direqtiul modelTan mimarTebaSi swored konkurenciuli wesrigis arsebobaSi gamoixateba. jansaRi konkurencia ganapirobebs resursebis optimalur gamoyenebas da sazogadoebrivi ke-TildReobis potenciuri “danakargebis” minimizacias. amdenad, am uka-nasknelis mxardaWera nebismieri, sabazro ekonomikuri modelis mqone saxelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovan prioritets unda warmoadgendes da war-moadgens kidevac. vinaidan konkurenciis ekonomikuri politika aris mdgradi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sawindari, sabazro urTierTobaTa ZiriTadi Semadgeneli elementi, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia Tavisufa-li ekonomikuri arCevanis ganxorcieleba, sasaqonlo bazrebze moT-xovna-miwodebis racionaluri dabalanseba da momxmareblisaTvis misa-


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Rebi fasis formireba, konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, konkuren-ciis dacva da antikonkurenciuli qmedebebis gamovlena da aRkveTa aris saxelmwifo ekonomikuri politikis erT-erTi amosavali prioriteti.

sazogadoebas, romelic aSenebs Tavisufal ekonomikur urTier-Tobebs, aucileblad unda hqondes Camoyalibebuli Sesabamisi ekono-mikuri politika, romlis umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawili swored saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis safuZvelze da saTanado standartuli normebisa da debulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT formirebuli konkurenciis politikaa. amasTan, sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom konkurencia da konkurenciuli garemo kerZo sakuTrebasTan erTad warmoadgens sabaz-ro ekonomikuri urTierTobebis pirobebSi mTavar mastimulirebel Za-las. centralizebuli ekonomikidan sabazroze gardamavali periodis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi kerZo sakuTrebiTi urTi-erTobebis formirebisaTvis daiwyo saxelmwifo qonebis daCqarebuli privatizebis procesi (rig SemTxvevebSi dausabuTebeli da xandaxan bolomde gauazrebelic ki), romelic ramodenime etapad ganxorcielda sabinao fondisa da sazogadoebrivi kvebisa da momsaxurebis sxva, mcire zomis obieqtebis dasaqmebulebze usasyidlod gadacemis meSveobiT, sayovelTao vauCerizaciiT, ijara-gamosyidvisa da auqcionis sxvadasxva (maT Soris nulovani auqcionis) meTodebiT; calkeul SemTxvevebSi gamoyenebul iqna qonebis pirdapiri miyidvis (zogjer simbolur fasa-dac) xerxic. ar SevCerdebiT ra saqarTveloSi Catarebuli privatizebis meTodebis da Sesabamisi procedurebisa da Sedegebis Sefasebaze, rac TavisTavad damoukidebeli kvlevis sferos warmoadgens da uaRresad saintereso, aqtualuri da mniSvnelovani problemaa yvela, gansakuTre-biT ki postsocialisturi qveynebisaTvis, unda aRiniSnos, rom privati-zebis procesma(uamravi naklovanebis miuxedavad) SeZlo mTavari miznis miRweva – kerZo sakuTrebisa da mravali kerZo mesakuTris formireba. es Tavis mxriv avtomaturad qmnida sabazro ekonomikisaTvis aucilebel komponents – konkurencias. aRniSnulma ganapiroba is faqti, rom im upirvelesi normatiul-sakanonmdeblo aqtebis nusxaSi, romlebic saqar-TveloSi 1991-1992 wlebis cnobili movlenebis Semdeg, jer kidev sapar-lamento saqmianobis aRdgenamde saxelmwifo sabWom daCqarebulad miiRo ukve 1992 wlis dasawyisSi, iyo dekreti “monopoliuri saqmianobis Sez-Rudvisa da konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb”, romelic 1996 wels sakonkurencio kanonis miRebamde asrulebda konkurenciuli urTierTobebis ganmsazRvreli da maregulirebeli dokumentis rols. es dekreti, xolo 1996 wlidan kanoni “monopoliuri saqmianobisa da konku-renciis Sesaxeb” gansazRvravdnen qveynis konkurenciuli ekonomikuri politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs, sakonkurencio garemos formirebisa da dacvis meqanizms, uzrunvelyofdnen momxmarebelTa farTo wris in-teresebisa da uflebebis gaTvaliswinebas. maT garkveuli roli ekisre-bodaT privatizebis procesis paralelurad ekonomikis demonopolize-bis ganxorcielebaSi.

vinaidan saqarTvelos sakonkurencio kanonmdeblobis SemuSave-bisas gaTvaliswinebul iyo am sferoSi arsebuli msoflio gamocdile-ba, miuxedavad rigi naklovanebebisa da xarvezebisa, romelTa Sesaxeb miuTiTebdnen rogorc qarTveli, ise ucxoeli eqspertebi, mTlianobaSi iTvleboda progresul kanonmdeblobad. samwuxarod, 2005 wels ganxor-cielebulma sakanonmdeblo da instituciurma reformam konkurenciis


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sferoSi ignorireba moaxdina rigi umniSvnelovanesi sakonkurencio normebisa da debulebebisa, ramac miaxloebis nacvlad qveynis sakon-kurencio kanonmdebloba faqtobrivad daaSora evrokanonmdeblobas, romelTan harmonizaciac saqarTvelos oficialurad deklarirebul prioritetad da miznobriv kriteriumad aqvs miCneuli. es exeba upir-veles yovlisa “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” kanons, romelsac CarCo-kanonis roli akisria saqarTvelos konkurenciul kanonmdeblobaSi rogorc ierarqiuli, ise funqcionaluri datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT. 2005wels miRebuli mTavari sakonkurencio kanoni, sam-wuxarod ar aregulirebda sakonkurencio samarTlis iseT sayovelTaod aRiarebul ZiriTad sakiTxebs, rogoricaa:

• dominirebuli mdgomareobis mqone ekonomikuri agentebis mxridan am mdgomareobis borotad gamoyeneba;

• konkurenciis SemzRudavi horizontaluri da vertikaluri SeTanxmebebi da sasaqonlo bazarze ekonomikuri agentebis SeTan-xmebuli qmedebebi;

• ekonomikur agentTa Serwymebi; • gansakuTrebuli sakuTrebis mflobelTa (bunebrivi mono-

poliebi) kompetenciis sferoebi;

• arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis faqtebis gamovlena da aRkveTa. aq aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom es ukanaskneli bevr qveyanaSi misi

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, warmoadgens calke kano-nis regulirebis sferos maSin, roca saqarTvelos sakonkurencio ka-nonmdebloba saerTod ignorirebas ukeTebda da definiciis donezec ki ar gansazRvravda mas.

mniSvnelovania cxadad ganisazRvros arakeTilsindisieri konku-renciis arsi da Sedegebidan gamomdinare misi sakanonmdeblo aRkveTis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. calsaxad SeiZleba mtkiceba, rom arakeTilsin-disieri konkurencia warmoadgens ekonomikuri agentis (agentebis) mi-zanmimarTul qmedebebs samewarmeo saqmianobis sferoSi dausabuTebel (daumsaxurebel) upiratesobaTa mosapoveblad; es qmedebebi ewinaaRmde-gebian moqmedi kanonmdeblobis debulebebs, sameurneo brunvis wesebs, wesierebis, gonivrulobis da samarTlianobis moTxovnebs da ayeneben (SeiZleba miayenon) zarals sxva konkurent ekonomikur agentebs an maT saqmian reputacias.

aucilebelia iTqvas, rom sameurneo saqmianobis organizaciis srulyofis, danaxarjebis Semcirebisa da produqciis xarisxis amaR-lebis gziT savsebiT dasaSvebi, normaluri da aucilebeli movlenaa konkurenciul brZolaSi upiratesobis mopoveba. ufro metic, es upi-ratesobani ganpirobebulia sasaqonlo bazarze konkurenciuli meqaniz-mis arsebobiT. rac Seexeba ekonomikuri agentebis mier daumsaxureblad upiratesobaTa miRwevas, saxelmwifo maT win unda gadaeRobos samarT-lebrivi da organizaciuli barierebiT.

amasTan, mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom arakeTilsindisieri konku-rencia – esaa specifiuri samarTlebrivi instituti. igi ar warmoadgens monopoliuri saqmianobis formas, ar ukavSirdeba sabazro Zalauflebis arajerovnad (borotad) gamoyenebas da ZiriTadad axasiaTebs konkuren-tebis qcevas eTikuri normebis TvalsazrisiT.


20

arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis ekonomikuri Sedegebi, romelic umravles SemTxvevaSi araa ise cxadad gamoxatuli, rogorc monopo-liuri saqmianobisa, ukavSirdeba konkurenciis “xarisxis” gauaresebas da rogorc Sedegi ekonomikuri saqmianobis efeqtianobis Semcirebas. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom sadac arsebobs konkurencia, iq SesaZlebelia arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis faqtebis arsebobac. aRsaniSnavia, rom es movlena cnobilia yvela qveyanaSi imis miuxedavad, Tu sabazro ur-TierTobebis ra “staJi” gaaCniaT am qveynebs da ramdenad didi xania mim-dinareobs konkurenciul kanonmdeblobaTa realizacia.

sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom ekonomikur SejibrebaSi (konku-renciaSi) unda imarjvebdes ekonomikuri agenti, romelic awarmoebs yvelaze ufro sasargeblo (im droisTvis saWiro) produqcias momxma-reblisaTvis yvelaze ufro misaReb (momgebian) pirobebSi. es ki miiRweva mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvela ekonomikuri agenti daicavs kanon-mdeblobiT gansazRvrul wesebs. magram sportuli Sejibrebis analo-giurad, aqac SeiZleba warmoiqmnas cduneba aRniSnuli wesebis arad Cag-debisa da maTi gverdis avlisa.

ekonomikur konkurenciaSi “arbitris” funqcias, rogorc wesi momxmarebeli asrulebs Tavisi arCevaniT. magram situaciis garTulebis gamo igi xSirad jerovnad ver axerxebs rolis Sesrulebas da Tavadve rCeba motyuebuli, ramdenadac yovelTvis ar SeuZlia damoukideblad amoicnos arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis aqti.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciisagan dacva esaWiroeba rogorc momxmarebels, ise patiosan konkurents, ro-melic emorCileba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil “TamaSis wesebs”. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis nebismieri formis gamovlinebis Tavidan acileba da aRkveTa emsaxureba ara marto konkretuli momxmareblisa da mewarmis interesebs, aramed saerTod mTe-li sazogadoebis interesebs da sazogadod progresis stimulirebas.

sxvadasxva qveynebis konkurenciuli kanonmdeblobebis da konku-renciis sferoSi moRvawe eqspertTa SefasebiT ekonomikuri agentis qmedeba arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis aqtad iTvleba, Tu es qmedeba:

-mimarTulia samewarmeo saqmianobaSi upiratesobis misaRebad; -ewinaaRmdegeba qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs,

saqmiani brunvis, wesierebis, gonivrulobisa da samarTlianobis aRiarebul normebs;

-materialur zians ayenebs (SeuZlia miayenos) sxva ekonomikur agentebs – konkurentebs an Crdils ayenebs maT saqmian reputacias.

wesierebisa da samarTlianobis normebi sxva araferia, Tu ara sa-zogadoebis socialuri da moralur-eTikuri principebis gamoxatva. amdenad, isini erTmaneTisagan SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen ara mxolod sxvadasxva qveynebSi, aramed zogjer erTi qveynis SigniTac. amasTan, es normebi SeiZleba icvlebodnen droTa ganmavlobaSi. magram es ar niS-navs, rom arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis gansazRvreba naklebad efeq-turia bazarze arakeTilsindisieri konkurenciis obieqturi Sefasebi-saTvis. arsebobs parametrebis rigi, romelTa meSveobiTac SeiZleba mkafiod ganisazRvros, rogori praqtika SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli “arakeTilsindisieri”-s da rogori “keTilsindisieri”-s rangSi. arake-Tilsindisieri konkurencia, rogorc sabazro ekonomikis efeqturi funqcionirebis safuZvlebis sawinaaRmdego movlena, kanoniT akrZa-


21

lulia yvela qveyanaSi, sadac ki arsebobs antimonopoliuri kanonmdeb-loba.

analogiurad, saqarTvelos antimonopoliuri kanonmdeblobiT, kerZod, “monopoliuri saqmianobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” kanonis me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtiT ikrZaleboda arakeTilsindisieri konkurencia, xolo amave muxlis me-2 punqti gansazRvravda misi gamovlinebis saxeebs:

-komunikaciis nebismieri saSualebis gamoyenebiT saqonlis Sesaxeb iseTi informaciis gadacema, romelic adresats uqmnis araswor war-modgenas da amiT ubiZgebs garkveuli sameurneo qmedebisaken;

-ekonomikuri agentis mier kontragentis SecdomaSi Seyvanis mizniT garigebis namdvili miznis damalva da amiT konkurenciaSi upiratesobis mopoveba;

-konkurenciaSi upiratesobis miRweva dempinguri fasebis gamoyene-biTa da momxmareblis SecdomaSi Seyvanis gziT;

-ekonomikuri agentis mier konkurentis reputaciis Selaxva (sawarmoze, produqciaze, samewarmeo da savaWro saqmianobaze araswori Sexedulebis Seqmna), misi usafuZvlo kritika an diskreditireba;

-konkurentis an mesame piris sasaqonlo niSnisa da safirmo dasa-xelebis TviTneburad gamoyeneba;

-konkurentis an mesame piris sasaqonlo formis, SefuTvis an ga-regnuli gaformebis miTviseba;

-samecniero-teqnikuri, sawarmoo, savaWro informaciisa da komerci-uli saidumloebis miReba, mopoveba, gamoyeneba an gavrceleba misi mflobelis Tanxmobis gareSe.

samwuxarod, “monopoliuri saqmianobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” kanonis gauqmebis Semdeg (2005w.), saqarTvelos axali CarCo-kanoni kon-kurenciis sferoSi “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” saerTod ar “scnobda” arakeTilsindisier konkurencias da ufro metic, konkurenciul kanonmdeblobaSi misi definiciac ki ar arsebobda. arada, mkacri konkurenciuli brZolis pirobebSi sasaqonlo bazris mxolod eTikuri kriteriumebisa da sazogadoebrivi Sefasebis imedad datoveba, miT umetes gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebSi, sadac SedarebiT dabalia sazogadoebis socialuri aqtivoba da sasamarTloTa damoukideblobis done, sruliad miuRebelia.

amasTan, cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos konkurenciuli kanonmdeb-loba, garda aRniSnuli kanonisa, Sedgeba sxva mravali kanonis, sakanon-mdeblo aqtisa da maTi calkeuli nawilebisagan, romlebic gansazRv-raven ama Tu im sferoSi konkurenciuli urTierTobebis dacvisa da gan-viTarebis Teoriul sakiTxebsa da antimonopoliuri regulirebis praq-tikuli realizaciis meqanizms. kerZod, 2005 wlis 2 ivniss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebul iqna kanoni “eleqtronuli komunikaciebis Sesaxeb”, romelSic mniSvnelovani adgili (IV Tavi) eTmoba “eleqtro-nuli komunikaciebis sferoSi konkurentunariani garemos Camoyalibeba”-s; kanonis miTiTebuli nawili moicavs konkurenciis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli normebis dacvis sakmaod aprobi-rebul da srulyofil meqanizms, romelsac aseve eyrdnoba evrokavSiris konkurenciuli kanonmdebloba. rac Seexeba komunikaciebis sferoSi konkurenciuli garemos formirebis mizniT sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT dad-genili zomebis ganxorcielebas, igi evaleba saqarTvelos komunika-ciebis erovnul komisias, romlis uflebamosileba sxva maregulirebel


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komisiebTan erTad gansazRvrulia kanoniT “damoukidebeli erovnuli maregulirebeli organoebis Sesaxeb” (miRebulia 13.09.2002w.). es kanoni adgens konkurenciis dacvisa da ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT Sesabamis sferoebSi maregulirebeli organoebis uflebebsa da valdebulebebs; infrastruqturuli dargebi, sadac konkurencia SezRudulia (bunebri-vad) da sadac Zalismieri, an sxva meTodebiT konkurenciis damkvidreba aucileblad gamoiwvevs ukuefeqts resursebis racionaluri gamoye-nebisa da jamuri keTildReobis zrdis aspeqtSi, saxelmwifos mxridan eqvemdebarebian mudmiv kontrolsa da regulirebas, pirvel rigSi ki tarifebis dadgena-damtkicebisa da gansakuTrebuli sakuTrebis mflo-belis mier infrastruqturis sferoSi aradiskriminaciuli pirobebiT sxva ekonomikuri agentebis Tavisufali daSvebis (gatarebis) Tvalsaz-risiT, raTa maqsimalurad iqnes erTis mxriv daculi momxmarebelTa uflebebi da meores mxriv, SezRudvebma regulirebad sferoebSi uaryo-fiTi zegavlena ar moaxdinon konkurenciul garemoze sxva sferoebSi.

calke aRniSvnas saWiroebs konkurenciis dacvisa da regulirebis sakiTxi sabanko sferoSi. kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad sabanko saqmianobaze zedamxedveloba da maT Soris konkurenciuli urTierTobebis reguli-reba akisria saqarTvelos erovnul banks; kanonmdeblobiTvea gansazRv-ruli aRniSnuli funqciebis aRsrulebis procedura da konkretuli meqanizmi.

saqarTvelos sakonkurencio kanonmdeblobis Semadgenel nawilebs warmoadgens aseve “eleqtroenergetikisa da bunebrivi gazis Sesaxeb”, “wiaRis Sesaxeb”, “dazRvevis Sesaxeb” da saqarTvelos rigi sxva kanone-bisa da kanonqvemdebare aqtebis is Tavebi, paragrafebi da debulebebi, romelTa daniSnulebaa Sesabamis dargsa Tu sferoSi konkurenciuli garemos formireba, konkurenciis dacva da biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis aradiskriminaciuli, jansaRi samewarmeo pirobebis Camoyalibeba-for-mirebisaTvis maqsimaluri xelSewyoba. unda aRiniSnos, rom Cveni qveynis konkurenciuli kanonmdebloba sakmaod Sorsaa srulyofilebisagan da samwuxarod, misi zogierTi nawili aSkarad ver pasuxobs konkurenciis Teoriisa da praqtikis Tanamedrove moTxovnebs da mniSvnelovnad aris dacilebuli adeqvaturi sakonkurencio samarTlebrivi normebisagan.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, rogorc ucxoeli, ise qarTveli eqsper-tebi sistematurad miuTiTebdnen xarvezebze qveynis sakonkurencio sfe-roSi da maTi aRmofxvris saWiroebaze. konkurenciuli kanonmdeblobis da kerZod, “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” saqarTve-los kanonis dauyovneblivi srulyofis aucilebloba ganpirobebuli iyo ori ZiriTadi garemoebiT; jer-erTi, sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli da aprobirebuli miTiTebuli problemebis (konkurenciis sferos saerTa-Soriso normebi da standartebi) gadaWris aqtualoba, romelTa gareSe faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia konkurenciis Sesabamisi garemos formireba da SenarCuneba. Mmeore, partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb Se-Tanxmebis da Sesabamisi ormxrivi dokumentebiT saqarTvelos aqvs rigi valdebulebebi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis winaSe erovnuli kanonm-deblobis srulyofis da misi evrokanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis Taobaze, maT Soris konkurenciis sferoSi (saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 8 maisis #22 dadgenilebiT damtkicebulia “saqarTvelos kanonm-deblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis erovnuli programa”). bunebrivia, aRniSnul valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis vadebi


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da xarisxi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs damokidebulebas Cveni qveyni-sadmi da misi ekonomikisadmi perspeqtivaSi. ar SeiZleba, rom reforma-toruli politikisa da ekonomikis liberalizaciis mizniT mimdinare deregulirebis konteqstSi ukana planze (Tundac droebiT) gadaiwios konkurenciis problematikam (rasac samwuxarod adgili hqonda saqarT-veloSi 2005-2012ww). ufro metic, deregulirebis politika da saerTod warmatebuli ekonomikuri reformebis politika, romelmac unda Seqmnas Tavisuflad funqcionirebadi sabazro ekonomika, ver ganxorcieldeba, Tu qveyanaSi ar iarsebebs konkurenciis dacvis Zlieri samarTlebrivi sistema da misi aRmasrulebeli Sesabamisi institutebi.

sxvadasxva dargebsa Tu sferoebSi konkurenciuli politikis mi-marTulebiT arsebuli normatiuli dokumentebis retrospeqtiuli ana-lizi saSualebas gvaZlevs gamovyoT maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli ramdenime saerTo naklovaneba: erTiani, yovelmxrivi da Tanmimdevruli saxelmwi-fo politikis ararseboba; normebisa da debulebebis deklaraciuli xa-siaTi da amdenad, konkretuli amocanebisa da maTi realizaciis uzrun-velmyofi meqanizmebis ararseboba.

konkurenciuli politikis ganviTarebis retrospeqtiva aCvenebs am mimarTulebiT 2004-2012 wlebSi saxelmwifo qmedebebis aSkara deficit-ze. samTavrobo programebis analizi miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelos mTav-roba aRiarebda konkurenciis ganviTarebis aucileblobas, magram ar ar-sebobda sakmarisi warmodgena, Tu rogor, ra saSualebebiT da gzebiT unda ganxorcielebuliyo es saqmianoba. problemas warmoadgenda ara konkurenciis rolisa da mniSvnelobis Seufasebloba qveynis ekonomi-kuri ganviTarebis saqmeSi (sabazro urTierTobaTa pirobebSi amisi afi-Sireba nonsensi iqneboda), aramed jansaRi sakonkurencio garemos Camo-yalibebisaTvis saTanado xelSewyobisa da konkurenciis mudmivi dacvi-saTvis saTanado qmediTi meqanizmis ararseboba. sxvagvarad, TviT jansaR konkurenciul brZolasac ki xSirad moyveba ekonomikuri agentis xelSi Zalauflebis TandaTanobiTi koncentracia da monopoliuri subieqtis warmoqmna Sesabamisi SedegebiT da sabazro qceviT.

evropeli eqspertebis kritikisa da konkurenciis politikis srul-yofis moTxovnebis sapasuxod qveyanaSi wlebis manZilze sistematurad mimdinareobda fsevdo intensiuri muSaoba konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikisa da Sesabamisi aRmasrulebeli organos rekonstruqcia-reor-ganizaciisa da uflebamosilebaTa zrdis (cvlilebebis) mimarTulebiT, rasac arcerTxel ar mohyolia sul mciredi pozitiuri Sedegi da verc moyveboda, radgan ar arsebobda (yovel SemTxvevaSi ar Canda) survili da saxelmwifo neba mis misaRwevad. saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2010 wlis dekemberSi konkurenciis politikis yovlismomcveli strategiis mire-biT TiTqos gamoxata politikuri neba Tanamedrove konkurenciis poli-tikis Camoyalibebisa da sakonkurencio kanonmdeblobis saerTaSoriso praqtikasTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis Sesaxeb da imavdroulad aRiara, rom kanoni “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb” SemuSave-bul iqna gardamavali periodisaTvis da praqtikulad saWiroa axali CarCo kanonis miReba, romelic moicavs ekonomikis yvela seqtors, maT Soris araliberalursac da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis sferosac. strate-giiT gaTvaliswinebuli institucionaluri reformis CarCoebSi saqarT-velos prezidentis 2010 wlis 26 Tebervlis brZanebulebiT Seiqmna damoukidebeli ssip – Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagento


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samomavlo dapirebiT, rom Semdgomi moqmedebebiT mas mieniWeboda samoq-medo programaSi asaxuli Sesabamisi uflebamosilebani da SesaZleblo-bebi. 2011 wlis bolos es saagento Seerwya saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saa-gentos da 2012 wlis dasawyisidan ukve funqcionirebs ssip konkurenci-isa da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis saagento, romlis sakmaod mravalric-xovan struqturaSi sul “Caikarga” konkurenciis problematikaze momu-Save TanamSromelTa mcirericxovani kontingenti; Cveni azriT, funq-cionaluradac SeuTavsebelia am ori saagentos uflebamosilebaTa er-Ti saagentosaTvis dakisreba.

didi xnis molodinisa da permanentuli dapirebebis Semdeg, 2012 wlis maisSi miRebul iqna “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis Se-saxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis axali redaqcia, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT CamorCeba ara marto sakonkurencio normebisa da debulebebis evropul standartebs, aramed konkurenciis yovlismomcveli strategiiT gan-sazRvrul kriteriumebsac. amasTan aucilebelia iTqvas, rom kanonis aR-niSnuli redaqcia bevrad adeqvaturia, vidre 2005 wlisa, romelic sruliad amovardnili iyo evrokavSiris konkurenciis modeluri kano-nis CarCodan da rogorc zemoT iTqva, praqtikulad ver pasuxobda kon-kurenciis sferos vercerT ZiriTad normas. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom es axali kanonic araa saTanado SesabamisobaSi evrokavSiris normebTan, ris Sesaxebac sakmaod sruli suraTia asaxuli naSromSi “saqarTvelos konkurenciis politikis srulyofis mimarTulebebi” ( 6 ) da aq mxolod mokled SevCerdebi kanonis naklovanebebze. samwuxarod, kanoni ar vrceldeba im bazrebze, romelTa sasaqonlo brunva ar aRemateba mSp-is 0,25%-s; igi aseve gaumarTleblad ar vrceldeba qveynis usafrTxoe-bisaTvis mniSvnelovan obieqtebze da Tavdacvisa da sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebisaTvis aucilebel saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze; kanonis samoqmedo arealis miRmaa darCenili horizontaluri SeTanxmebebi, Tu mxareTa erToblivi sabazro wili ar aRemateba 25%-s, vertikaluri SeTanxmebebisas ki – 40%-s, maSin roca evrokavSiris Sesabamisi normebi Seadgenen 10%-s da 15%-s; konkurenciis logikasTan Seusabamoa is faqti, rom saxelmwifo daxmarebebis maregulirebeli debulebebi ar vrcel-deba saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos mTavrobis da q. Tbilisis meriis sarezervo fondebidan gamoyofili saxsrebis xarjvaze; aras-woria isic, rom kanoniT daSvebulia nebismieri saxis gadasaxadebis Sem-cireba da restruqturizacia, Tu gadawyvetilebebs iRebs saqarTvelos mTavroba; analogiuri situaciaa sagadasaxado davalianebaTa gadaxde-vinebis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa SeCerebisa da maTi Camoweris mi-marTulebiT. sruliad gaugebari da aralogikuria is garemoebac, rom kanoni ar aZlevs uflebas konkurenciis organos, raTa saWiroebis SemT-xvevaSi man mTavrobisgan damoukideblad moaxdinos sasaqonlo bazrebis analizi da miiRos gadawyvetileba konkurenciuli garemos aRdgenis mi-marTulebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, konkurenciis saagento araa pasuxism-gebeli im bazrebze arsebul arakonkurentul mdgomareobaze, romlebic ar Sedian mTavrobis mier winaswar gansazRvrul prioritetul mimarTu-lebebSi.

saqarTvelos xelisufleba (parlamenti da mTavroba), romelsac jer kidev winasaarCevno programiT hqonda gaTvaliswinebuli konku-renciis sferos mowesrigeba da evrostandartebTan misi daaxloeba, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da ucxoel eqspertebTan erTad inten-


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siurad muSaobs am mimarTulebiT da ganixilavs sxvadasxva kanonpro-eqtebsa Tu radikalur cvlilebaTa proeqtebs moqmedi sakonkurencio kanonmdeblobis srulyofisa da Sesabamisi aRmasrulebeli organos op-timaluri struqturis CamoyalibebisaTvis. es imeds iZleva, rom winam-debare naSromis gamoqveynebamde SesaZloa ukve moxdes evrokavSiris Sesabamisi sakonkurencio organoebis dasabuTebuli rekomendaciisadmi adeqvaturi reagireba, miRebul iqnas samoqmedod axali, Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi sakonkurencio kanonmdebloba, ganxorcieldes radikaluri institucionaluri reforma, romelic gaafarToebs da ga-namtkicebs saagentos uflebamosilebebs, srulyofs struqturas, xels Seuwyobs misi saqmianobis efeqtianobis amaRlebasa da gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelyofas.

aqve aucilebelia davafiqsiroT Cveni mosazreba liberaluri baz-ris zogierT momxreTa sapasuxod, romelTac miaCniaT, sabazro proce-sebSi Careva ekonomikis saxelmwifo regulirebis mizniT sazianoa da xels uSlis bazris Tavisuflebas. aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Tavisufali bazris sasargeblod arsebuli ekonomikuri mtkicebulebebi Sors arian im azrisagan, rom bazari yovelTvis “sworad” funqcioni-rebs da avtomatur reJimSi axerxebs konkurenciis dacvas. xSir SemTxve-vaSi adgili aqvs xolme SeTanxmebebs calkeul saqonelmwarmoeblebs Soris produqciaze fasebis zRvrul danaxarjebze zemoT dafiqsirebis Taobaze, xdeba xolme sasaqonlo bazris calkeuli segmentebis monopo-lizeba, rasac Sedegad moyveba momxmarebelTa uflebebis Selaxva. ami-tom sakonkurencio kanonmdebloba yvela qveyanaSi mowodebulia sabaz-ro meqanizmis zogierTi negatiuri niSnis “gamosworeba-SerbilebisaT-vis” da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo regulirebisaTvis. ekla-rirebuli “bazris Tavisufleba” xSirad gamoiyeneba faqtobrivad am Tavisuflebis sawinaaRmdegod dam is gamosaricxad. saqme imaSia, rom Tu aRniSnul TavisuflebasTan erTad Tavisufleba eZleva arakeTilsindi-sier konkurenciasa da konkurenciis SezRudvas (kartelebis Seqmna, Serwymebi, bazrebis blokireba da barierebis Seqmna, miwodebebis gan-xorcielebaze ekonomikurad dausabuTebeli uaris Tqma /boikoti/, dempingi), maSin irRveva jansaRi konkurenciuli garemo da xeli ewyoba didi sabazro Zalauflebis formirebasa da mis koncentracias.

amasTan, Tu sabazro Zalaufleba saxelmwifos mxridan “nebazea mi-Svebuli”, igi SeiZleba realur politikur Zalauflebad iqces. msxvil samrewvelo-safinanso jgufebs SeswevT unari aiZulon xelisufleba Secvalon kanonebi, gascen dausabuTebeli subsidiebi da daxmarebebi, moaxdinon bazrebis erTmaneTisgan izolireba. Sedegad, sameurneo saq-mianobis warmateba ganisazRvreba ara imdenad bazarze muSaobis Sede-gebiT, aramed SesaZleblobiT, saxelmwifos rogorc instrumentis meS-veobiT sabazro konkurenciis Sedegebis gamoricxvaSi.

amdenad, ekonomikaSi saxelmwifos Caurevlobis politika (rome-lic Cvens qveyanaSic iyo deklarirebuli da Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT ganmtkicebuli 2004-2012wlebSi) xSrad axdens didi sabazro Zalaufle-bis mqone ekonomikuri agentebis mxridan intervenciis politikis ga-tarebis provocirebas. saxelmwifo agrZelebs Tavisi arapirdapiri Ca-revis gafarToebas, ris Sedegadac sul ufro izrdeba misi damokide-buleba sabazro Zalauflebis mqone ekonomikur dajgufebebze. ase rom, TiTqosda Tavisufali bazris xelSesawyobad arsebul sasargeblo da


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keTilSobilur ganzraxvas saxelmwifosa da ekonomikis mkveTri gamijv-nis Sesaxeb praqtikulad sistematurad mivyavarT kerZo ekonomikuri Zalauflebis saxelmwifo ZalauflebasTan gadabmasa da SerwymasTan (oligarqiis formirebasa da gaZlierebasTan), xolo Tavisufali eko-nomikis ekonomikur politikas – ekonomikuri wesrigis gansazRvrul tipTan – ekonomikis regulirebasTan Zalauflebis mqone dajgufebebis mier.

unda aRiniSnos, rom konkurenciuli urTierTobis dacvisa da regulirebis efeqturi meqanizmiT “SeiaraRebuli” ekonomikuri politi-ka qveyanas aZlevs realur saSualebas sayovelTaod miRebuli kanonieri gziT daicvas Sida bazari ekonomikur agentTa mxridan konkurenciis SemzRudavi mosalodneli qmedebebisagan da uzrunvelyos aseTi qmede-bebebiT gamowveuli zianis sakompensacio maregulirebeli zomebis gan-xorcieleba. gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba unda mieniWos srulyo-fil konkurenciul kanonmdeblobas SedarebiT mcire zomis ekonomikis qveynebisaTvis, miT umetes, Tu isini sabazro ekonomikaze gardamaval da ganviTarebad qveynebs warmoadgenen.

globalizaciisa da ekonomikuri integraciis pirobebSi, rac er-Tis mxriv aucilebelia qveynis ekonomikisa da misi produqciis konku-rentunarianobis asamaRleblad, seriozuli saSiSroeba eqmneba mcire zomis qveynis ekonomikas, rom am qveyanaSi arsebul SedarebiT mcire zo-mis firmebs (msoflio masStabiT) ar Seeqmnas barierebi bazarze Tavi-sufali funqcionirebisaTvis msxvili, transnacionaluri kompaniebisa da maTi filialebis mxridan diskriminaciuli, konkurenciis SemzRuda-vi sabazro qcevis pirobebSi. am TvalsazrisiT, konkurenciuli kanon-mdeblobaa is umniSvnelovanesi instrumenti, qmediTi berketi, romelsac SeuZlia uzrunvelyos saTanado konkurenciuli biznes-garemo qveynis teritoriaze moqmedi yvela ekonomikuri agentisaTvis maTi zomisa da sabazro Zalauflebis xarisxis miuxedavad.

aRniSnul garemoebaTa analizi iZleva safuZvels iTqvas, rom kon-kurenciuli kanonmdeblobis srulyofileba da misi praqtikuli reali-zaciis efeqturoba mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs iseTi mcire zomis qveynebis, rogoric saqarTveloa, ekonomikur damoukideblobasa da gar-kveulwilad politikursac, radgan mas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos samamulo mwarmoeblebisaTvis (romlebic qveynis masStabebidan gamomdinare ver iqnebian msxvili kompaniebi) da saerTod yvela mcire da saSualo zomis ekonomikuri agentisaTvis normaluri pirobebi funqcionirebisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi samamulo saqonelmwarmoeblebsac miecemaT saerTaSoriso bazris calkeul segmentebze konkurenciuli upiratesobis mopovebis Sansi.

gamoyenebuli literatgamoyenebuli literatgamoyenebuli literatgamoyenebuli literaturaurauraura

1. gogiaSvili S. - konkurenciis ekonomikuri politika da sakanon-mdeblo praqtika saqarTveloSi. gam-ba “inovacia” Tb. 2009w.

2. gogiaSvili S. - konkurenciis politika, rogorc saxelmwifos ekonomikuri politikis ZiriTadi safuZveli. Jurn. "mecniereba da cxovreba", #2, gam-ba "Tobalisi" Tb. 2010w.


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3. gogiaSvili S. - ekonomikuri politikis mTavari prioriteti – konkurenciis politika. saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferenciis “ekonomikisa da biznesis ganviTarebis tendenciebi Tanamedrove etapze” masalebi. SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo uni-versiteti da saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis centri. q.baTumi, 2011w.

4. gogiaSvili S. - konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikis retrospeq-tiva da misi srulyofis perspeqtiva saqarTveloSi. – paata gugu-Svilis ekonomikis institutis daarsebis dRisadmi miZRvnili saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferenciis masalebis krebuli “ekonomikis aqtualuri problemebi globalizaciis pirobebSi.” Tb. 2011w.

5. gogiaSvili S., fetelava s. - bazarze dominirebuli mdgomareobis negatiuri aspeqtebi. – Jurn.“ekonomika da biznesi”, #4, 2012w.

6.6.6.6. fetelava s., gogiaSvili S. – saqarTvelos konkurenciis politi-kis srulyofis mimarTulebebi. Jurn. “ekonomika da biznesi”, #1, 2013w.

Salva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSviliSalva gogiaSvili

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis

asocirebuli profesori

saqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikissaqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikissaqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikissaqarTvelos konkurenciis ekonomikuri politikis ganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologiaganviTarebis qronologia


centralizebuli ekonomikidan sabazroze gardamavali periodis

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi kerZo sakuTrebiTi urTi-erTobebis formirebis paralelurad daiwyo konkurenciis saxelmwifo politikis SemuSaveba. ukve 1992 wels miRebul iqna dekreti, 1996 wels ki – Sesabamisi kanoni. Eekonomikis liberalizaciis konteqstSi 2005 wels ganxorcielebulma reformam qveynis sakonkurencio kanonmdeblo-ba mniSvnelovnad daaSora evrostandartebs. normatiuli dokumentebis analizi miuTiTebda konkurenciis erTiani da Tanmimdevruli saxelmwi-fo politikis ararsebobaze; normebisa da debulebebis deklaraciul xasiaTsa da praqtikulad, maTi realizaciis SeuZleblobaze. konkuren-ciis politikis ganviTarebis retrospeqtiva aCvenebs am mimarTulebiT 2004-2012 wlebSi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis qmedebebis aSkara deficit-ze.

2012 wlis maisSi miRebuli “Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkuren-ciis Sesaxeb”kanonis axali redaqcia, Tavisi SinaarsiT ufro adeqvatu-ria, vidre 2005 wlisa, romelic mTlianad amovardnili iyo evrokav-Siris konkurenciis modeluri kanonis CarCodan, magram samwuxarod isic araa saTanado SesabamisobaSi evrokavSiris normebTan.

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos xelisufleba, romelsac jer kidev wi-nasaarCevno programiT hqonda gaTvaliswinebuli konkurenciis sferos mowesrigeba da evrostandartebTan misi daaxloeba, arasamTavrobo or-


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ganizaciebTan da ucxoel eqspertebTan erTad intensiurad muSaobs sakonkurencio kanonmdeblobis srulyofisa da Sesabamisi aRmasrule-beli organos optimaluri struqturis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

Шалва Гогиашвили Ассоциированный профессор факультета

экономики и бизнеса Тбилисского Государственного Университета им. Иване Джавахишвили

ХРОНОЛОГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

КОНКУРЕНЦИИ ГРУЗИИ

Резюме

Исходя из особенностей периода перехода от централизованной экономики на рыночную экономику, параллельно формированию частно-имущественных отношений в Грузии, началась разработка государственной политики конкуренции. Еще в 1992 г. был принят декрет, а в 1996 г. – соответственный закон. Реформа, осуществленная в 2005 г. в контексте либерализации экономики, значительно отдалила конкурентное законода-тельство страны от Европейских стандартов. Анализ нормативных документов указывал на отсутствие единой и последовательной государственной конкурентной политики, декларативный характер норм и положений и, практически, невозможность их реа-лизации. Ретроспектива развития политики конкуренции указывает на явный дефицит действии государственной власти в этом направлении в 2004-2012 гг.

Новая редакция закона «О свободной торговле и конкуренции», принятая в мае 2012 г., более адекватно по своей сути, чем редакция от 2005 г., которая целиком выпадала из рамок модельного закона Евросоюза о конкуренции, но, к сожалению, и она не соотвествует должным образом Европейским нормам.

Власти Грузии, на сегодняшний день, которые еще в предвыборной программе предусматривали приведение в порядок и приближение сферы конкуренции к Евро-пейским стандартам, вместе с неправительственными организациями и зарубежными экспертами, ведут интенсивную работу по усовершенствованию политики конкуренции и формированию оптимальной структуры соответствующего исполнительного органа.

Shalva Gogiashvili

Associated Professor at Faculty of Economics and Business Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

TIMELINE OF ECONOMIC POLICY OF COMPETITION IN GEORG IA

Summary

Due to the specifics of transition from the centrally planned to the market economy,

along with the formation of private property relations in Georgia, the development of state competition policy started. As early as in 1992, there was passed the decree, and in 1996, there was adopted the relevant law. The reform performed within the context of liberalization of the economy in 2005 substantially distanced the state competition laws from the European


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standards. The analysis of statutory acts demonstrated the lack of common and consistent competition state policy and the declarative nature and actually, the impossibility of enforcement of the norms and provisions. The retrospective consideration of development of the competition policy shows the clear lack of acts of the public authority focused on the above during the period of 2004-2012.

In May 2012, there was adopted the amended law On Free Trade and Competition, which is rather adequate than the version of 2005 due to its essence. The latter completely fell out from the scope of European competition model legislation. However, unfortunately, the former does not duly comply with the European norms.

Nowadays, the public authority of Georgia, which as a part of their election program, promised to regulate and approximate the competition field to the European standards, works hard on improvement of the competition laws and identification of the optimal structure of relevant executive bodies along with the non-governmental organizations and the foreign experts.


30

menejmentimenejmentimenejmentimenejmenti

evgevgevgevgeni baraTaSvilieni baraTaSvilieni baraTaSvilieni baraTaSvili ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, stu-s

sruli profesori badri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaia

ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

infrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSiinfrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSiinfrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSiinfrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSi

servisi inglisuri sityvaa da niSnavs samsaxurs, momsaxurebas. es

adamianis saqmianobis gansakuTrebuli saxea, romelic mimarTulia momxma-

reblis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebaze momsaxurebaTa gawevis gziT.

Tanamedrove evropul civilizaciaSi Camoyalibda msoflmxedveloba, romelic adamianis pirovnebas yvelaze maRla ayenebs da sazogadoebisagan

misi Tavisufali ganviTarebis pirobebis Seqmnas moiTxovs. RirebulebaTa

es sistema gansakuTrebiT miRebulia evropul kulturaSi. aq mowonebiT

sargeblobs servisis is saxeebi, romlebic saSualebas aZleven adamians

ganviTardes, gadaWras sayofacxovrebo problemebi, miiRos ganaTleba,

ganaxorcielos profesiuli saqmianoba, kargad daisvenos.

servisis sferos organizaciis menejmentis erT-erT mTavar amocanas

warmoadgens im miznebis gansazRvra, romelTa misaRwevad iqmneba da

funqcionirebs igi da warmoadgens im realobaTa subieqtur asaxvas, rom-

lebic mocemul organizaciebs axasiaTeben (misi roli sazogadoebaSi,

sawarmoo da sakadro potencialis xasiaTi da a. S. ). „is, vinc yvelaze

kargad emsaxureba sazogadoebas, yvelaze mets igebs” - es aris iaponeli

mewarmisa da biznesis dargis Teoretikosis - k. tateisis sityvebi1.

menejmenti dRes, upirveles yovlisa, esaa mudmivi inovaciebis sa-

fuZvelze marTva. inovaciebi, anu mudmivi siaxleebi mewarmeobis yvela

sferoSi menejmentis umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawili xdeba. ino-vaciebis aucieblobas stimuls aZlevs konkurentuli brZola da bazris

mTeli rigi sxva moTxovnebi. maTi gamoyenebis mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia

agreTve demografiuli, ekonomikuri da socialuri xasiaTis cvlilebebiT, momxmarebelTa cvalebadi moTxovnebiT da cvlilebebiT Tanamedrove

adamianis fsiqologiaSi. qveynisa da misi ekonomikuri kavSirebis ganviTareba ZiriTadad ga-

nisazRvreba ara mxolod bunebrivi sanedleulo resursebis arsebobiT,

samrewvelo, samecniero-teqnologiuri da SromiTi potencialiT, aramed

qveynis infrastruqturuli ganviTarebiTac. servisuli infrastruqtura

1 RvedaSvili n. menejmenti socialur-kulturuli servisisa da turizmis sferoSi. Tb., 2009. gv., 54.


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saerTo sabazo infrastruqturis umniSvnelovanes Semadgenel nawils

warmoadgens, romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis,

an misi calkeuli teritoriuli warmonaqmnebis funqcionireba.

gamoiyofa sabazro infrastruqturis ori mxare: pirvel rigSi, misi

materialur sagnobrivi Semadgenloba, ekonomikuri potenciali, romelic

qmnis bazrebis sistemis (sasawyobo Senoba-nagebobebi, savaWro farTobebi,

savaWro sasawyobo mowyobilobebi, birJis komerciuli bankebis Senoba -

nagebobebi da a.S.) funqcionirebis pirobebs; meore rigSi, esaa ekonomikuri

urTierTobebi bazris subieqtebis saqmianobis kuTxiT, rac mimarTulia

sasaqonlo da fuladi mimoqcevis pirobebis Seqmnaze, am urTierTobaTa

matarebels sabazro infrastruqtura warmoadgens.

sabazro infrastruqtura materialur-sagnobrivi Semadgenlobis

mixedviT iyofa or qvesistemad: pirveli warmodgenilia warmoebis pro-

cesis momsaxure dargebis erTobliobiT, xolo meore dargebiT, romlebic uzrunvelyofen mza produqciis Seuferxebel gadaadgilebas momxmareb-

lamde. sabazro infrastruqturis meore funqcia - saqonlis efeqturi gadaadgileba gasaRebis bazarze regionis farglebs gareT Seadgens

regionTaSorisi ekonomikuri urTierTobebis infrastruqturis arss. Tanamedrove pirobebSi ar arsebobs infrastruqturis erTmniSv-

nelovani ganmarteba. აmavdroulad, infrastruqturis arsis gagebis ar-

sebuli ganmartebebis gaanalizebisas SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom azrTa er-Tob farTo speqtris Sedarebisas, upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba maxvil-

deba, infarstruqturis funqcionalur daniSnulebaze - ama Tu im obieqte-

bis momsaxurebaze, romlebic uzrunvelyofs maT efeqtur funqcionirebas.

es iZleva safuZvels, rom infrastruqtura ganvixiloT rogorc fizikuri pirebis sasicocxlo moRvaweobisa da iuridiul pirTa funqcionirebis

uzrunvelmyofi sistema. infrastruqturas, romelic adamianis cxovelmoq-

medebas (sasicocxlo moRvaweobas) uzrunvelyofs, Cveulebriv socialurs

miakuTvneben da unda aRiniSnos, rom specialistebis mier ”socialuri

infrastruqturis” gansazRvreba araerTmniSvnelovnad formulirdeba. socialuri infrastruqturis arsebiTi mxareebis gaTvaliswinebiT

igi SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc struqturuli warmonaqmnebis (dargis

organizaciebisa da maTi qvedanayofebis doneze) erToblioba, fizikur pirTa sasicocxlo momsaxurebisaTvis aucilebeli moTxovnebis dakmayo-

filebis wardgenis gziT. socialuri infrastruqturis mocemuli gansazRvreba orienti-

rebulia misi moRvaweobis, saqmianobis saganze. momsaxurebis gawevas, romelic xSirad ganxilvis miRma rCeba, aqvs socialuri infrastruqturis

materialur-sagnobrivi Semadgenlis saxe. infarstruqturis kvlevis procesSi mizanSewonilia, igi warmo-

vidginoT, rogorc momsaxurebis gawevis sistema, romlis sakiTxebis ga-

dawyvetis aqtualoba infrastruqturis formirebas, ganviTarebas miekuTv-

neba da ganisazRvreba iseTi faqtorebis mniSvnelobebiT, rogoricaa: obieqtis funqcionirebis Sedegebis arsebiTi damokidebuleba misi ZiriTa-

di saqmianobis infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofis doneze; infarstruq-

turis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis did, xSirad gansazRv-


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rul xvedriT wilze maT mier momsaxure obieqtebis funqcionirebis saerTo

xarjebSi; mniSvnelovani rezervebis arseboba infarstruqturis efeqtia-

nobis asamaRleblad; fizikuri pirebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis socialuri

infrastruqturis funqcia SeiZleba maT socialur sayofacxovrebo da

sawarmoo saqmianobis sferozec gavrceldes. adamianis mTeli rigi moTxov-

nilebebis dakmayofileba-samedicino momsaxurebaze, ganaTlebaze, dasve-

nebaze da a.S. xSirad miekuTvneba ra uwinares yovlisa pirovnuls, SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas samuSao Zalis kvlavwarmoebis kuTxiTac ki. produqciis warmoeba da momsaxureba teqnikisa da teqnologiebis ganviTarebis pirobeb-Si aucileblad saWiroebs sakadro resursebis srulyofas muSakTa saqmia-

nobis amaRlebis azriT, rac gamoixateba maT mier sxvadasxva samuSaos Ses-

rulebis SesaZleblobiT, Sromis mwarmoeblurobisa da xarisxis zrdiTa da sawarmoo procesebSi sakadro resursebis monawileobasTan dkavSi-

rebuli sxva danarCeni faqtorebis dadebiTi cvlilebebiT.

Tavis mxriv, muSakTa saqmianoba damokidebulia maT profesiul mom-

zadebaze, janmrTelobis mdgomareobasa da socialuri xasiaTis bevr sxva

pirobebze.

amgvarad, fizikuri pirebis moTxovnilebebis uzrunvelmyofi socia-luri infrastruqturis funqciebi organizebulad SeiZleba ganvixiloT SromiTi resursebis rogorc sawarmoo procesebis monawileTa normaluri

qmediTunarianobis uzrunvelyofis poziciidan.

iuridiuli pirebis (organizaciebis) infrastruqturaSi socialuri

infrastruqturis paralelurad gamoyofen sawarmoo infrastruqturas, romelSic sawarmoo procesebis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelmyofi piro-

bebis sistema igulisxmeba.

organizaciebis infrastruqturis marTvas, maTi normaluri funqci-onirebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, xSirad maT sawarmoo SemadgenelTa

marTvasTan mivyavarT. amavdroulad sawarmoo sistemaSi sawarmoo proce-

sebis elementebis funqcionirebis kuTxiT SeiZleba gamoiyos materialur-

nivTobrivi qvesistema (warmoebis saSualebebi) da sakadro (sawarmos per-

sonalis) qvesistema. erTian sawarmoo procesSi ama Tu im romelime maTganis

prevalireba2 xSirad araerTmniSvnelovans warmoadgens. aseve araerTmniSv-nelovnad warmogvidgeba sawarmoo da socialuri infrastruqturis

Sefaseba organizaciaze efeqturad zemoqmedebis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli gare-moeba gaTvaliswinebul unda iyos organizaciis ganviTarebis strategiis

gansazRvrisas, misi resursebis sawarmoo sistemasa da infrastruqturaze

ganawilebisas.

fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis momsaxurebis kuTxiT gansazRvrisas, TiToeuli infrastruqturis momsaxureba Sesabamisad SeiZleba klasifi-

cirebul iqnas, rogorc momsaxureba, maTi socialur-sayofacxovrebo da sawarmoo saqmianobis da organizaciis moTxovnebis CarCoebSi dasaxuli

2prevalirebaprevalirebaprevalirebaprevalireba – (laT) – gadameteba, gadawonva, upiratesoba.


33

miznebis realizacia, maT sawarmoo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli adamian-

Ta moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. socialuri infarstruqturiT gaweuli momsaxurebis Sinaarsis

identurobas, rogorc TviT organizaciaSi, ise mis gareT ,gansazRvravs misi miRebis politikis SerCeva saxelmwifo monawileobis sistemidan cent-

ralur, regionul an adgilobriv doneebze, anda organizaciis resursebis

ama Tu im zomiT gamoyeneba, romlebSic muSaoben fizikuri pirebi. aman asaxva unda hpovos miTiTebuli socialuri ganviTarebis strategiis

formirebaze, resursul uzrunvelyofasa da am strategiis realizaciis

meqanizmze. infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofis aqtualobasTan dakavSirebiT

saqarTvelos organizaciebisaTvis gansakuTrebul interess warmoadgens

sazRvargareTuli menejmentis erT-erTi perspeqtiuli mimarTuleba -

fasiliti menejmenti (Facility manajement), fasiliti niSnavs obieqts, saSua-

lebas, nagebobas, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiT axlos dgas infrastruqturis

marTvasTan. amJamad organizaciis infrastruqturis arsi erTmniSvnelovnad ar

aris gagebuli. ikvleven ra infrastruqturis formirebisa da ganviTarebis aspeqtebs, ufro xSirad avtorebs misi gageba gadaaqvT organizaciaSi

sakuTari qvedanayofis erTobliobaze, romlebic uzrunvelyofen ZiriTadi

sawarmoo procesebis ganxorcielebas.

infrastruqturis saqmianobis Sinaarsis TvalTaxedvidan da misi, rogorc organizaciis funqcionirebis uzrunvelmyofi erTiani sistemis

kuTxiT ganxilvisas, mizanSewonilia infrastruqturis ufro farTo

ganmarteba, rogorc misi sakuTari struqturuli erTeulebisa da (Sida

qvedanayofebisa da gare subieqtebis, romlebic Seqmnilia organizaciis

monawileobiT misi infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofisaTvis) agreTve

momsaxurebis gamwevi gare subieqtebis erToblioba, romlebic uzrunvel-

yofen momsaxurebiT organizaciis normalur funqcionirebas. mocemuli midgoma gamarTlebulia organizaciis infrastruqturiT

marTvis procesis poziciidan masSi Semdegi aspeqtebis CarTviT: sawarmoo

procesebis momsaxurebis organizaciuli formebis SerCeva (sakuTari qve-

danayofebis, gare organizaciebis, maTi an sxvaTa gamoyeneba); infrastruq-

turis ganviTarebis strategiis SerCeva, romelic moicavs organizaciaSi

Sida infrastruqturuli rgolebis SenarCunebis gansazRvras, an maTi calke ama Tu im xarisxiT damoukidebeli struqturuli warmonaqmnebis

gamoyofis mizanSewonilobas; pirobebis gansazRvra infrastruqturis qvedanayofebis urTierTobebSi Sida qvedanayofebisa da gare organiza-

ciebisaTvis mosaxurebis gawevisas da a.S.

Cveulebriv, organizaciebi infrastruqturas ganixilaven ZiriTadi

sawarmoo procesebis ganxorcielebis daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT. amav-droulad pratikaSi infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa organizaciaSi

mimdinare danarCen sawarmoo procesebzec vrceldeba, maT Soris Tavad

infrastruqturul qvedanayofebSi, romlebic ZiriTadi erTiani funqciiT

dakavSirebuli arian saboloo produqtebis warmoebasTan. saerTo infra-struqturis CarCoebSi es iZleva safuZvels, gamoiyos ZiriTadi procesebis


34

mTeli erTobliobis uzrunvelmyofi infrastruqtura da Tavad infra-struqturul qvedanayofebSi sawarmoo operaciebis ganxorcielebis in-

frastruqtura, romelic SeiZleba gansazRvrul iqnas, rogorc momsaxure

warmoebis infrastruqtura. am poziciebidan SeiZleba gamoyofil iqnas

organizaciis infrastruqturis sxvadasxva ierarqiuli doneebi, romel-Taganac TiToeuli kvlevis damoukidebel obieqtad SeiZleba warmovidgi-

noT. mTlianad ZiriTadi warmoebis infrastruqturad SeiZleba CaiTvalos

yvela infrastruqturuli qvedanayofi, romlebic monawileoben ZiriTadi sawarmoo procesis infarstruqturul uzrunvelyofaSi damoukideblad

ierarqiis ama Tu im doneze yofnisas. saqarTvelos organizaciebis infra-struqturebis srulyofis sakiTxebisa da maTi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis

ganxilvisas unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos bevri organizaciis infra-

struqtura arsebiT srulyofas saWiroebs, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia

maTi efeqtiani funqcionirebis realizacia. ZiriTadad, sawarmoo infra-struqturis naklovanebebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT infrastruqturuli

uzrunvelyofis organizaciis araracionaluri sistema, arasakmarisad

efeqturi marTvis sistema, infrastruqturuli procesebis meqanizaciisa da

avtomatizaciis dabali done. sakadro resursebiT arasakmarisi uzrun-

velyofa (raodenobrivad da profesionaluri doniT), infrastruquruli samsaxurebisa da qvedanayofebis muSakebis stimulirebis arasrulyofili

sistema. aseve aucileblad unda mivuTiToT sawarmoo infrastruqturis

organizaciis dabal mobilobaze, mis sust adaptirebaze swrafad cvalebad

Sida da gare garemos maxasiaTeblebze, kerZod sabazro urTierTobebze

gadasvlis pirobebSi. aRniSnuli naklovanebebi ama Tu im zomiT damaxasiaTebelia erovnuli

organizaciebis socialuri infrastruqturebisTvisac, amavdroulad, au-

cilebelia aRiniSnos mravali, upirveles yovlisa, rTul finansur mdgo-mareobaSi myofi organizaciebis mxridan Tavisi socialuri infrastruq-

turis obieqtebis municipalur sakuTrebaSi aqtiuri gadacemis tendencia, rac mTel rig SemTxvevaSi miCneulia organizaciis krizisuli mdgoma-

reobidan gamosvlis, an maTi ganviTarebis aucilebel pirobad. amasTanave, sxvadasxva naSromebSi moyvanili mosazrebebi saSualebas gvaZlevs gava-keToT daskvnebi imaze, rom organizaciebis doneze rekomendaciebi socialuri infrastruqturis formirebis sasargeblod an sawinaaRmde-

god ar SeiZleba atarebdes absolutur xasiaTs. gadawyvetilebebis ama Tu im variantis SerCeva unda efuZnebodes

yvela daqvemdebarebuli gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebis gulmodgined

Sefasebasa da SerCeuli gadawyvetilebis realizaciis Sedegebs, romelTac

aqvT rogorc ekonomikuri, ise socialuri xasiaTic. infrastruqturis marTvis Sinaarsi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas in-

frastruqturis formirebisa da mxardaWeris poziciidan, maT Soris yvela misi Semadgeneli qvesistemisa da elementis ukukavSirebis mTlianobis

sistemis CarCoSi, romelsac SeuZlia uzrunvelyos optimaluri zemoq-

medeba organizaciaSi sawarmoo procesebis ganxorcielebaze.


35

am gagebiT organizacia warmoadgens garemos, romelic ZiriTadi sawarmoo procesebis parametrebis daxasiaTebiT uzrunvelyofs misi

infrastruqturiT funqcionirebas. organizaciaSi infrastruqturis ro-

lisa da adgilis, agreTve samamulo da sazRvargareTuli Teoriebsa da praqtikaSi maTi funqcionirebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba formuli-

rebul iqnas ZiriTadi debulebebi, romlebic miekuTvneba infrastruqturis

marTvas, maT Soris am marTvis strategiis formirebas: � organizaciebis funqcionirebisas dasaxuli miznebis

miRweva moiTxovs, rom infrastruqturis ganviTarebis strategia ganxilul iqnas rogorc maTi ganviTarebis saerTo strategiis erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawili; � infrastruqturis funqcionirebis ganviTareba da miznis

strategia, gamomdinare misi daniSnulebidan, orientirebuli unda iyos mTlianad organizaciis funqcionirebis ganviTarebasa da

miznis strategiaze; � infrastruqturis qvadanayofebis funqcionirebis ganviTa-

rebisa da miznis strategia orientirebul unda iyos infrast-

ruqturis funqcionirebis ganviTarebisa da miznis strategiaze,

rogorc mTlian sistemaze; � infrastruqtris marTvis strategia da taqtika unda

efuZnebodes infrastruqturis arsebuli mdgomareobis Sedegebis analizsa da ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs Sida da gare garemoSi

mimdinare da prognozirebadi cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sawarmoo procesebis infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofis variante-

bis SerCeva unda xorcieldebodes im kriteriumebis safuZcvelze, rom-lebic asaxaven infrastruqturis funqcionalur rols da gansazRvraven

SerCeuli variantis ekonomikur mizanSewonilobas. infarstruqturis marTvis politikis gansazRvrisas unda gamov-

diodeT iqedan, rom momsaxurebis sferos saqmianobis miznobrivi ori-

entacia warmoadgens ara Sesrulebuli momsaxurebis moculobis zrdas, aramed ZiriTadi sawarmoo procesis efeqturobis uzrunvelyofas gaweuli

momsaxurebis gziT. mocemuli TvalsazrisiT, politikis SerCevisas opti-

malurobis ufro aqtualur kriteriumebs warmoadgens Semdegi: � sawarmoo procesebis mocemuli donis uzrunvelmyofi

infrastruqturis funqcionirebaze danaxarjebis minimizacia; � sawarmoo procesebis infrasrtruqturuli donis uzrun-

velyofis maqsimizacia, amisaTvis gamoyenebuli resursebis sazRv-

rebSi. miTiTebuli kriteriumebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba gavrceldes infrast-

ruqturuli uzrunvelyofis strategiis SerCevaze, rogorc ZiriTad sa-

warmoo procesze, aseve organizaciaSi mimdinare sawarmoo procesebis

mTel erTobliobaze. amasTan erTad, organizaciaSi sawarmoo procesebis ganxorcielebis

infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofis variantebis SerCevisas, SeiZleba

integralur kriteriumebze orientireba. mocemul kriteriumebs safuZv-

lad udevs pirdapiri da iribi danaxarjebis jamuri danaxarjebi, romelTa

sidide damokidebulia momsaxurebis doneze. pirdapiri xarjebi warmoad-


36

gens sakuTari infrastruqturiT momsaxurebis an momijnave organiza-

ciebis danaxarjebs. organizaciis irib danaxarjebs (danakargebs) gana-

pirobebs momsaxurebis uqonloba an misi aradamakmayofilebeli done. mocemuli kriteriumiT infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofis mmarTvelo-biTi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas orientireba xdeba pirdapiri da iribi

jamuri xarjebis minimizaciaze.

xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom pirdapiri xarjebi SeiZleba

ganisazRvros raodenobrivad ama Tu im instrumentis gamoyenebiT. iribi

xarjebis Semadgenlebs Soris arsebobs danaxarjebi, romelTa raodenob-

rivi gansazRvra sakmao sizustiT an gaZnelebulia anda, saerTod SeuZle-

belia. amasTanave, xSirad aucilebelia am danaxarjebis Sefaseba sizustis

ama Tu im xarisxiT. momsaxurebis sferoSi saqmianobis komercializacia sabazro piro-

bebSi warmoadgens infrastruqturis ganviTarebis erT-erT perspeqtiul mimarTulebas da SeiZleba ganxorcieldes momsaxure struqturebis ko-

merciuli urTierTobebis formirebis CarCoebSi, rogorc organizaciebis

SigniT, ise mis sazRvrebs gareT. infrastruqturis funqciis realizaciis warmatebis aucilebel

winapirobas infrastruqturuli procesebis marTvis efeqturi sistemebiT

formireba warmoadgens. infrastruqturis marTvis gegmis racionaluri formis SerCevisas

sawarmoo procesebis uzrunvelyofa sakuTari qvedanayofebiT an momijnave organizaciebiT iTvaliswinebs organizaciuli da ekonomikuri xasiaTis

sakiTxebis ganxilvas. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetis sirTule saqarTvelos bevri or-

ganizaciisaTvis aixsneba imiT, rom ar arsebobs momijnave struqturebze momsaxurebis funqciis aucilebeli gadacemis gamocdileba da amavdrou-

lad Teoriulad arasakmarisadaa damuSavebuli mocemuli mimarTuleba. amasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens organizaciebis

urTierTzemoqmedebis sazRvargareTuli gamocdilebis analizi. momsa-

xurebis sferoSi momijnave organizaciebze damxmare funqciebis gadacema.

amasTanave, mocemuli mimarTulebis gamoyeneba, romelic sazRvargareTuli

terminologiiT autsorsingad iwodeba, saqarTvelos organizaciebis saqmianobaSi am funqciebis gadacemis procesis Tanmxlebi yvela faqtoris

zedmiwevniT gulmodgine analizs moiTxovs. autsorsingis gamoyenebis ekonomikuri mizanSewoniloba unda gani-

sazRvros infrastruqturis sakuTari qvedanayofebisa da gare organiza-

ciebis momsaxurebaze danaxarjebis SepirispirebiT. organizaciebis urTierTzemoqmedeba momsaxurebis gawevis sferoSi SeiZleba ganxorciel-

des saqmiani qselebis safuZvelze, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens myar

da SedarebiT Caketili (Sekruli) kavSirebis erTobliobas saqmian partni-

orebs Soris. qarTul organizaciebSi xSirad qselur struqturas nergaven calke-

uli biznesis sameurneo subieqtebi gamoyofis mizniT, anda diversi-

ficirebuli organizaciebis CarCoebSi saqmianobis mimarTulebiT. am SemTxvevaSi momsaxurebis gamwevi subieqtis gamoyofis xelSemwyob ZiriTad

faqtorebs warmoadgens: moqniloba, kompetenturoba, individualuri mid-


37

goma, Sedegebze orientacia, cvalebadi gare pirobebisadmi adapturoba,

mcire danaxarjebi „biurokratiaze“, TanamSromelTa piradi personifi-

cirebuli motivacia.

fizikur pirebze gaweuli momsaxurebebi, rogorc organizaciebSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT, SeiZleba ganzogadebul iqnas socialuri

sferos CarCoebSi. termini „ socialuri sfero“ Teoriasa da praqtikaSi

araerTgvarovnad ganimarteba. socialuri sferos organizaciebis for-mirebisa da ganviTarebis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas Cven orientirebas vaxdenT mis gansazRvrebaze rogorc ekonomikuri sistemis subieqtebis saqmianobis

sferoze, romelic Sesabamisi momsaxurebis SeTavazebiT arapirdapiri gziT

akmayofilebs adamianis moTxovnilebebs. socialuri sferos organizacie-

bis saqmiaobis specifikidan gamomdinare, maTi sakadro resursebi gar-kveulwilad zemoqmedeben efeqturobasa da Tavad organizaciis funq-

cionirebis SesaZleblobebze. socialuri sferos bevri organizaciis sabiujeto dafinansebis donis Semcirebis pirobebSi aqtualobas iZens maTi

ganxorcielebisa da ganviTarebis damatebiTi wyaroebis moZieba. amasTan dakavSirebiT aqtualobas iZens organizaciis ZiriTadi da

infrastruqturuli saqmianobis komercializaciis sakiTxebi, rogorc

damatebiTi finansuri resursebis miRebis saSualeba, socialuri sferos organizaciebis ganviTarebis es mimarTuleba asaxvas hpoulobs mosax-

leobis fasiani momsaxurebis moculobis zrdis tendenciaSi. amasTan erTad, socialur sferoSi komercializaciis momsaxurebis

donisa da SesaZleblobis ganxilvisas, aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT is, rom es procesi reglamentirebuli da dasabuTebuli unda iyos samarT-

lebriv, profesionalur, socialur da ekonomikuri poziciidan. mocemuli piroba mniSvnelovania mosaxleobis fasiani momsaxurebis struqturaSi samedicino da saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis zrdis tendenciasTan da-

kavSirebiT. socialuri sferos bevri organizaciis finansuri resursebis SezRu-

dulobam aqtiuri gaxada danaxarjebis minimizaciis problema infrastruq-

turaze, romelic xSirad mniSvnelovani sididisaa. mocemuli problemis gadawyvetis CarCoSi mizanSewonilad gvesaxeba

socialuri sferos organizaciebis klasifikacia im niSnebiT, romelTac ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba aqvT infrastruqturis obieqtebis gamoyofis

kuTxiT, agreTve, am obieqtebis efeqturi marTvis instrumentariebis Se-

muSavebiT. mocemuli poziciiT socialuri sferos organizaciebis kla-

sifikacia unda ganxorcieldes gaweuli momsaxurebis fondtevadobis,

resurstevadobisa da Sromatevadobis maCveneblebis mixedviT. marTvis sistemis srulyofa socialuri sferos organizaciebSi

warmoadgens maTi saqmianobis efeqturobis erT-erT ZiriTad winapirobas. socialuri sferos bevr organizaciaSi direqtiulad dadgenili maC-

veneblebis marTvis sistemis mimarTulebis Secvla, dinamiuri da sxvadasxva saxis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis gansazRvra moiTxovs am sistemis mniSvnelovan adaptacias organizaciebis funqcionirebis cvalebad pirobebTan mniSvnelovani struqturuli cvlilebebis CatarebiTa da

profesiuli donis menejmentis amaRlebiT.


38

bevr organizaciaSi cvlilebis Catarebis saSualebaTa SezRudu-

loba da sakadro resursebis didi xvedriTi wili rTulad realizebadia, amasTan dakavSirebiT saWiroa davicvaT organizaciuli cvlilebebis

momzadebisa da Catarebis ZiriTadi principebi. amrigad, Tanamedrove ekonomikur pirobebSi socialuri sferos or-

ganizaciis ganviTarebis erT-erT aqtualur mimarTulebas, romelic xasiaTdeba saxelmwifo seqtoris organizaciebis sabiujeto dafinansebis donis mniSvnelovani SemcirebiT arsebuli SesaZleblobebis farglebSi, warmoadgens am organizaciebis ZiriTadi saqmianobisa da maTi infrast-

ruqturuli qvedanayofebis saqmianobis komercializacia.

evgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvilievgeni baraTaSvili

ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtori, stu-s sruli profesori

badri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaiabadri geCbaia ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori,

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

infrainfrainfrainfrastruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSistruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSistruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSistruqturuli midgoma servisul menejmentSi

rrrreziumeeziumeeziumeeziume

servisuli infrastruqtura saerTo sabazo infrastruqturis um-niSvnelovanes Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens, romlis gareSec SeuZ-lebelia nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis, an misi calkeuli teritoriuli warmonaqmnebis funqcionireba.

naSromSi gamoiyofilia sabazro infrastruqturis ori mxare – misi materialur sagnobrivi Semadgenloba, ekonomikuri potenciali, romelic qmnis bazrebis sistemis funqcionirebis pirobebs da ekono-mikuri urTierTobebi bazris subieqtebis saqmianobis kuTxiT, romelic mimarTulia sasaqonlo da fuladi mimoqcevis pirobebis Seqmnaze. in-frastruqtura ganxilulia rogorc fizikuri pirebis sasicocxlo moR-vaweobisa da iuridiul pirTa funqcionirebis uzrunvelmyofi sistema. aRiniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos bevri organizaciis infrastruqtura arsebiT srulyofas saWiroebs, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia maTi efeq-tiani funqcionirebis realizacia. aseve formulirebulia ZiriTadi debulebebi, romlebic miekuTvneba infrastruqturis marTvas, maT Soris am marTvis strategiis formirebas.


39

Евгений Бараташвили Доктор экономических наук,

Бадри Гечбаия Кандидат экономических наук

ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНЫЙ ПОДХОД В СЕРВИСНОМ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТЕ

Резюме

Сервисная инфраструктура представляет собой важную составляющую общей рыночной инфраструктуры, без которой невозможно функционирование экономики как любой страны, так и ее отдельных территориальных образовании.

В работе выделены две стороны рыночной инфраструктуры – ее материально предметный состав и экономический потенциал, который создает условия функцио-нирования рыночной системы и экономические взаимоотношения относительно дея-тельности субъектов рынка, который направлен на создание условии товарного и денежного обращения. Инфраструктура рассмотрена как обеспечивающая система жизнедеятельности физических лиц и функционирования юридических лиц. Отмечено, что инфраструктура множества организации Грузии требуют существенных совер-шенствовании, без которых невозможно реализация их эффективного функцио-нирования. Также сформулированы основные положения, относящиеся управлению инфраструктуры, в том числе формированию стратегии этого управления.

Evgeni Baratashvili Doctor of economic sciences,

Badri Gechbaia Ph.D. in Economic Science

INFRASTRUCTURAL APPROACH IN SERVICE MANAGEMENT Summary

Service infrastructure is one of the most important parts of the common market

infrastructure. No economy of any country or its separate administrative territories can be functioned without service infrastructure.

The work underlines two sides of market infrastructure – its material- substantial consistence, economic potential, creating the conditions for system functioning of markets and economical relations concerning the activities of market players, which are directed to the creation of the conditions for commodity and monetary circulation. The infrastructure is considered as the system providing the vital activities of individuals and the functioning of legal persons. It is also noted that the infrastructure of a number of organizations in Georgia need to be improved for total perfection as a guarantee for the effective functioning. The work gives the essential regulations, which help the management of the infrastructure, including the formation of the management strategy.


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sazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomikasazRvargareTis qveynebis ekonomika

Vladimir Kutsenko Associate Professor

Oles Gonchar Dnepropetrovsk national University (Ukraine)

INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIETY

Аnnotation There are defined modern problems of socio-economic development of mankind and the reasons for them as well as justified formation of new institutions and the institutional environment in the context of the spiritual (Orthodox) Renaissance in Ukraine. Keywords: transformation, institute, spirituality, family, culture. В.И. Куценко Институциональные преобразования социально-экономического обустройства общества Аннотация Определены современные проблемы социально-экономического развития человечества и их причины. Обосновано формирование новых институтов и институциональной среды в контексте духовного (православного) возрождения в Украине. Ключевые слова: преобразование, институт, духовность, семья, культура. Introduction Mankind in its historical development has passed many stages of socio-economic formations, but to achieve sustainable life giving socio-economic development, peace and consent in the society, one rarely succeeded. The huge amount of capital, intellect, resources in their majority are intended to achieve only one goal – the obtaining of the maximum profit for a longer period of time. And all is in vain. At 21 year of independence of Ukraine the socio-economic situation remains rather tense and unstable. External debt of the country amounted to 62 billion dollars, that exceeds the level of GDP. The life has shown: the greater the level of mercantilism in the society and a consumer way of life, the lower is the level of spirituality, truth, humanity, peace and consent in the country. The economic system for the sake of money and passion for material enrichment is doomed to permanent financial and economic crises, bankruptcy and ruin, because it operates in the conditions of complete uncertainty* in the direction of economical motion that is the mission (when a businessman does not know and does not want to know the faithful – the good way).3

The consequence of this «development» in the darkness is complete unpredictability [3, р. 17] of events and financial and economic results. Under such conditions the recurrence of economic «development» does not give any chance for its constant life-asserting dynamics. The Christian morality does reduce the same uncertainty of economic development by the way establishing a sustainable structure of interaction and cooperation between people, – appropriately complains G.M. Pilipenko [5]. The modern economic state of Ukraine, with clearly defined tendencies of its cyclic development, is characterized by the growth: of the dangerous credit debts of the state and economic entities, the number of unprofitable enterprises (officially over 40 %), the level of bankruptcies and other socio-economic downturns. The basic institutions of our society became a business, money, property, power,

3 Here and further quotes are allocated by the author in cursor


41

and, associated with them, strife, and corruption, which historically is not peculiar to our Orthodox economic culture. But we were admitted a mercantile method of economic activity, because we unfortunately, wanted it. Now we must look for the objective reasons of the financial and economic crises of the market economy, which increasingly are repeated with more devastating consequences, and must revive the moral and spiritual institutions of our existence for the sake of sustainable life giving socio-economic development of society. Analysis of recent research

In the middle ages, the economy was called moral philosophy. The philosophy of management, material values were researched by many scientists in the world: J. Moth, К. Marx, А. Smith, V.A. Kank, A.I. Samsin and others. In recent years, the spread of the study of institutional economic theory had taken place (A. Zаdоia, V. Tarasevich, A. Pilipenko, S. Аrkhіerеev, M. Jokhna, A. Tchaussovsky etc.). Today, many scientists consider institutions and philosophical aspects of the economy, from a materialistic point of view, although even in ancient times, the first philosophers Aristotle, Plato, and later the apostles, Christian philosophers Th. Aquinas, G. Skovoroda, the followers of Christ and our contemporaries - spiritual people: the Head of the Dnepropetrovsk Centre of Spiritual Renaissance of the V.M. Smutko, PhD (Economics), Professors V.G. Zadorozhnyi, V.V. Companiets, A.M. Minaylo, S.Z. Goncharov, V.P. Kapiton, A.A. Pokotilov, A.N. Pilipenko, V.M. Shapoval and a lot of other always point to the true – moral-spiritual meaning of life and management, and to the true eternal values – the revival of the purity of the human soul, the reunion with the Creator, because «all the rest (material) shall be added unto you» [1], because in the spiritual sense of the money is of no value, and the «trade for the sake of profit is immoral» – rightly pointed out Th. Aquinas. The meaningfulness of the institution of confidence in the economy is proposed by T. Creechevska [4] and V. Geyeyts [2]. T.B. Koval noted the necessity of introduction of Christianity in economic ethics, since property and wealth – the problem of religious ethics. The current socio-economic crisis, rightly considers PhD Каtаssоnоv V.YU., is the result of the exactly «money civilization», which spreads around the world and has reached Ukraine.

Statement of research objectives Therefore, the aim of the research is to establish the true values of life, the spiritual

essence of the economy and the principles of its life giving sustainable development. The primary source of true knowledge, the higher teaching is the theology or the Word of God, and the spiritual method of research – dogmatism – intuitive (heart) method of thinking on the basis of Orthodox theology, the Truth, which is indisputable, unchanged for whether any minds and does not require proof. But such a true method of research requires profound spiritual knowledge and large efforts for their realization. The embodiment of the spiritual laws in life requires a catharsis – the purification of the soul through empathy and carrying each others burdens. On this occasion spiritual writer F. Dostoevsky rightly pointed out: «in order To write well (live and manage ones` affairs), ones have to suffer for ones` fall, and for ones` seed – neighbors». Christ commanded us: «Being trialed, you will receive the crown of life of the blessed, and in the material world». Therefore, all of these trials and temptations of materialism and mercantilism were allowed us for patience, humility and cleaning in repentance.

Results All problems in the world, including the economic ones occur for one reason – a

departure from the Father-Creator through disobedience, insubordination of His good will, that is the evil of sin, for which inevitably there goes punishment in the form of crises and bankruptcies. Crisis in Greek is «the sentence, judgment, punishment». After God created men and gave them everything necessary for a happy life, people of the whole system of their house-keeping, including management, carried out with spiritual laws. Economic activity for the sake of enrichment, money was not the meaning of life. The material values only satisfied the physiological needs of people in this material world to the more perfect fulfillment of the spiritual law.


42

Human relations on the principles of trust and love have always been decisive in the business case. L.A. Sanduk rightly notes that the authority, the success of the company as a whole depends on how harmoniously may be developed these relations. Internal moral incentives of economic behavior should be the realization of duty and moral feelings: good will, conscience (a spark of God), the responsibility before the Creator and people [7]. Well-known American managers. S. Ronen and M. Meskon also claim: «the Effectiveness of the activities of the enterprise by 60-80 % depends on the culture of communication».

Spiritual foundations of economic thought and economics reach the antiquity. Even in the ancient world economic activity of the people was covered in the writings of Xenophon and Plato, Aristotle, as well as thinkers of ancient Rome, China, India, where there are General moral and spiritual principles of economic development. «So, for Aristotle economy was not something distinct and an end in itself (the main thing in life), and was a оiкоnomia (an economy) – the management of the house for the sake of the moral and material welfare of the household, for the «OIKOS» in Greek – house (family, the people, the Motherland), the farm, «NOMOS» – custom, the order, the spiritual law, or according to the modern – Institute» [7]. That is, «NOMOS» – this is:

1) religious, ethic, legal or traditional stems from the norm, which is obligatory, is usually significant and unchanging character. Being the organizing principle of the Greek Polis (settlement, city), NOMOS authorized the major institutions of the various aspects of the life of civil community: laws, religion, morals, custom. NOMOS - decision of the special legislative commissions; the antithesis of arbitrariness and violence;

2) in philosophy – the world (spiritual) law (from Heraclitus). Thus, the true (spiritual) the meaning of the economy – a faithful (spiritual) of the

family (labor collective, a people) – the spiritual law of existence (the basis of successful activities of person and society). As it is shown by experience of life chosen by God of the Jewish people, the ancient Greeks and others, who lived a spiritual laws, the process of managing the spiritual family, labor collective, led by the loving Creator, always was successful and self-sufficient: all that was necessary for the creative blessed life, people had with a loss. Association of Ancient Greek households formed autarky policy (a self-sufficient city-state), which was not only an economic union, but (importantly) and moral whole (in unity with the Creator), designed to achieve self-realization of citizens (the embodiment of the spiritual law in life, to become a highly sought by Lord) [7]. Autarky (in Greek. – self-reliance, self-complacency that is) – practical independence of vital activity of the public from the negative influences of the world or other people. Essentially, this is the economic independence of the country, which eliminates the need to import of the most important products of consumption. And to do that Ukraine is provided by all necessary: hard-working people and the necessary material resources.

So it has been more or less stable development of the traditional agrarian (self-sufficient) economy in the Old world of more than 2000 years. But after the industrial revolution in England in the second half of the XVIII century, scientific and technical progress was used not for the benefit of society, but for the personal enrichment of the owners of the technical means of production and land resources. In case of occurring of capitalism and passion for mercantile values (money power) there appeared competition, trade and hot war and the first of the financial and economic crises. This is clearly indicated by well-known economists N. Kondratiev, J. Schumpeter and Karl Marx; the last one carried out the analysis of the economy at the dawn of capitalist development: «Before the industrial revolution there were no booms and depressions, which would be regularly repeated. The crises are an integral part of the capitalist economy. Competition forces induce to increase the volume of production.... Expansion of production is bound to face with the limited size of the demand» [6]. In addition, the use of credits (easily got money) increases the debt.


43

Conclusions The harmonious socio-economic development is provided on the basis of moral and

spiritual values of the society through the renaissance of the basic institutions of the family, education, culture of management. Culture is the education of the heart (soul) and the mind by the doctrine (the light of Christ), that means literally to get for the economist the image of God, which will give him the opportunity to make the right economical decisions. The root of the word «culture» is a «cult», and the basis of culture is faith in the Creator and the human need for cognition of the world, of life, of the environment, of one self and the meaning of life. Components of the culture are the ethics, morals and spirituality. That is the essence of the economy lies in the spiritual culture of management. The essence of economic activity – it is a humane and education of Orthodox culture to the workers, which would provide sustainable life-asserting development and, as a consequence, the material well-being of society and of the labor collective. An Orthodox family is the basis of our vital functions, social protection and socio-economic development of the country. If there is change in their thoughts and deeds of the people there will be over and untrue, unfair power of the state. Market mercantile economy will end and there will be a management for the Truth – the spiritual economy. The principles of Orthodox economy will be begun with the teaching of Thomas Aquinas, dedicated by the cursor: 1. Everything belongs to God and man can only use it. So, in a spiritual society the earth of the Lord cannot be privatized by a man. The common ownership must be for the means of production. 2. The exchange of goods at a fair price (the cost of the products of the first necessity and with a profitability of 10% on other products and services). In satisfying the needs of consumers there expediently is a gradual transition to the terms of payment at the price of the buyer and to the terms of the natural exchange, where it is appropriate (for example, in the agricultural communes, etc.). 3. Trade for the sake of profit is immoral. It is unacceptable to be the production, realization and promotion of socially-harmful products and services (heresy, weapons, human organs, the gambling business, products from GMO, nuclear reactors, tobacco-, drug-, porno-, and alcoholic products, with the exception perhaps of grape wine). 4. Unacceptable credit and interest for a credit as usury. Orientation must be mainly on their own honestly earned money. Regulation and support by the state of the national economy. 5. Taxes (10% of revenue) shall be paid by all in the monetary or natural form. 6. In Ukraine there should be domestic enterprises, banks and money. 7. Competition and enmity between economic entities are unacceptable. The interaction between the companies in the joint motion for the benefit of the society should be on the principles of peaceful coexistence and cooperation. Dissemination of the experience acquired. 8. Self-sufficiency, self-complacency. Export is appropriate provided that fully are satisfied the needs of national buyers. Is there a need to import, everyone decides for himself. 9. Economic education and science on the basis of Orthodoxy.

References

1. Бібліа. – М. : Российское библейское общество, 1993. – 1658 с. 2. Геец В. М. Взаимодействие доверия и развития // Экон. теория. – 2005. – № 2. 3. Іванюта Т.М. Економічна безпека підприємства: навч. посіб. [для студ. вищ. навч.

закл.] / Т.М. Іванюта, А.О. Заїчковський. – К. : Центр учбової літератури, 2009. – 256 с.

4. Кричевская Т. А. Институт доверия в монетарных координатах // Экон. теория. a. 2004. – № 3.


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5. Пилипенко Г.М. Роль християнської моралі у функціонуванні економічних систем / Г.М. Пилипенко // Академічний огляд. – 2007. – № 2. – С. 5-10.

6. Роктор Т. Маркс после марксизма. Философия Карла Маркса. – М. : Канон+, 2011. – 400 с.

7. Сандюк Л.О. Основи культурології. Навч. посіб. / Л.О. Сандюк, Н.В. Щубелка, М.Ф. Шмиголь, О.В. Сулим. – К. : Центр учбов. літер., 2012. – 400 с.

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teqnikur mecnierebaTa kandidati

sazogadoebis socialursazogadoebis socialursazogadoebis socialursazogadoebis socialur----ekonomikuri mowyobis instituciuri ekonomikuri mowyobis instituciuri ekonomikuri mowyobis instituciuri ekonomikuri mowyobis instituciuri

gardaqmnagardaqmnagardaqmnagardaqmna


gansazRvrulia kacobriobis ganviTarebis socialur-ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis Tanamedrove problemebi. dasabuTebulia axali institu-

tebis da instituciuri garemos formireba ukrainaSi sulieri (marTl-

madidebluri) aRorZinebis konteqstSi.


45

Anna Shevtsova Ph.D. of Economic,

Svetlana Grechanaya Ph.D. of Economic

Technological Institute of East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University (Ukraine)

SYNERGY IN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN CHE MICAL

INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

Within globalization, integration is a dominant development tendency covering the activities of economic actors at all levels. Ukraine participation in this process in general means: empowerment of economy modernization and increasing its competitiveness, attracting foreign investment and novel technologies, creating new jobs, etc. This path of development allows enterprises not only successfully adapt to aggressive environmental conditions but also leads to business capitalization, expanding business volume and positive changes in financial situation. Most of the new possibilities and benefits for participants of the integration processes are based on synergy effects, so studying this management aspect is important and topical.

In recent decades a considerable amount of works that address the integration and synergy processes appeared in scientific literature. The review of essence, place, role and mechanisms of economic actors integration on their way through strategic development was conducted in papers of Ukrainian and foreign scientists Gorbatov V. [1] Makarenko P. [2] Stuckey J., White D. [3] Fedulova L. [4] Williamson O. [5]. The studies of Ansoff I. [6], Buleev I. and Bogachev S. [7], Campbell E. [8], Macedona B. [9], Pilipenko A. [10], Shubin S. [11] are aimed to explore the possibilities for retrieving and assessing synergy after economic interaction between enterprises. However, modern integration processes happening in the Ukrainian economy require adaptation of scientific research results to the practical and political realities of managing economic actors.

The purpose of this study is to examine the modern development specifics of Ukrainian chemical industry enterprises in the context of their integration processes based on organization and implementation of synergy.

The chemical industry has always been and still remains an important sector in Ukrainian economy. It is able to ensure the economy transition to a qualitatively new level of development. In 2012 the part of chemical enterprises was 7.4% from the total industry production. But during the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 it didn’t exceed 6%.

Ukrainian chemical enterprises have largely felt the negative consequences of crisis, which reflected on their performance. The profit before taxes in that period decreased from 2.3 billion Ukrainian hryvnias [UAH] (460.7 million USD) in 2007 to 587.0 million UAH (111.4 million USD) in 2008. Moreover, in 2009 there was a loss that reached 2.9 billion UAH (370.9 million USD) instead of profit. The next two years remained unprofitable, but the loss level decreased to 1485 million UAH (187.2 million USD) and 28.2 million UAH (3.5 million USD) respectively. Nine months of 2012 were finished by Ukrainian chemical industry enterprises with a total loss of about 5 billion UAH (621.9 million USD).

The enterprise production index for the industry was 91.4% in 2008 and 77.0% in 2009, whereas before the crisis (in 2007) it was significantly higher - 108.4%. The situation has stabilized due to implementation of anti-crisis measures; the index has returned to pre-crisis values - 114.4% in 2011 and 107.1% in 2012. It should also be noted that the decline in production during 2008-2009 has reduced the number of employees in the chemical industry from 181 to 156 thousand people.

Therefore, during the global financial crisis, the industry has gotten into a rather complicated situation that required urgent actions. The fall in the world market, low paying


46

capacity of internal consumers and unresolved issues in providing enterprises with natural gas have led to chronic unprofitability of the leading nitrogen mineral fertilize producers as well as forced their owners to get rid of unprofitable assets. In other words, during crisis and post-crisis periods an objective situation to initiate the integration processes has developed in Ukrainian chemical industry.

Integration is a process of combining all elements (parts) into a whole, the process of mutual rapprochement and interrelation establishment. In relation to enterprise activities, the integration appears in the expansion and deepening of industrial and technological relations, resource sharing, merging capital. Integration processes within enterprises enlarge them and change the concentration of sellers in the industry markets [12, p. 360].

External integration processes lead to appearance or expansion of enterprise alliances. Direct integration assumes the merge of manufacturer with reseller. Reverse integration assumes the merge of manufacturer with supplier of material and technical resources. If the efforts of supplier, manufacturer and reseller are combined then a vertical integrated structure with establishment of product distribution channels appears. In horizontal integration the company activities scope are increased by combining its efforts with a competitor enterprise.

The main integration development mechanisms are alliance with other enterprises on a voluntary (merge, acquisition, accession) or involuntary basis (takeover), divestment – partial or complete sale of enterprise actives or individual business units (liquidation), restructuring – change in type of enterprise ownership or its organizational form (division, separation, transformation). In addition, integration process for an industrial enterprise can be executed without mentioned above formal actions. It is limited by cooperation or franchising agreements, subcontracting, leasing or intrapreneurship. When any long-term relationships with a goal of achieving common business objectives appear and deepen, the informal or partially personable association of enterprises appears. It has no state registration (as a single enterprise) and called a strategic alliance. In fact, it is difficult to be identified as an integrated structure, but exactly this form of integration is currently prevalent in Ukrainian chemical industry.

The activity on the Ukrainian market of Ostchem Holding AG group, which is controlled by an international holding company Group DF, is indicative in this context. Group DF was created in 2007 to consolidate the assets of Ukrainian businessman Dmitry Firtash. Currently it takes active participation in such areas as energetics, energy infrastructure, chemical industry, real estate, agricultural, banking and media business.

Ostchem Holding AG unites a number of chemical enterprises in Eastern and Central Europe as well as Central Asia. Enterprises of this group produce a wide range of fertilizers, titanium dioxide and organic chemicals.

The Ukrainian assets structure of Group DF is presented in Table 1. Table 1. The structure of Group DF Ukrainian chemical assets

The main products

Annual turnover profit,

mlnUSD

Controled through Share

Other stakeholders

(more than 10 % of shares)

The former owners

Nitrogen business PJSC ″Concern Stirol″

ammonia, nitrogen mineral fertilizers,

polystyrene, polymeric products,

pharmaceuticals

661.3 (-43.8)

Ostchem Investments

Limited (Cyprus) 90.3%

– LLC ″StirolChim-Invest″ (Ukraine)


47

PJSC ″Severodonetsk Complex ″Azot″

ammonia, nitrogen mineral fertilizers, inorganic acids, organic products

811.4 (-91.9)

Ostchem Ventures Limited (Cyprus)

100%

–

The State Property Fund of Ukraine – 40%, World Wide

Chemical LLC (Russia, USA) – 60%

Cherkassy PJSC ″Azot″

ammonia, nitrogen mineral fertilizers, tar

832.9 (-24.1)

Ostchem Ukraine 100%

–

PLG UA Limited (Cyprus) – 75.57%,

LLC ″ОМBRIJ″ (Ukraine) – 20.1%

PJSC ″Rivneazot″

ammonia, nitrogen mineral fertilizers, inorganic acids, organic products

330.6 (-5.2)

Ostchem Enterprises

Limited (Cyprus) 96.49%

–

Cheminvest Aktiengesellschaft

(group ″Finance and Credit″, Ukraine) –

26.01% PJSC ″UkrAgro-NPK″.

production and distribution of

complex mineral fertilizers

No data

Ostchem Holding AG

(Austria) 100%

–

Linas Agro Group (Lithuania) – 58.04%,

Akola ApS (Denmark) – 31.96%

LLC ″Sea specialized port Nika-Tera″

storing and handling mineral fertilizers

37,5 No data

Forogono Ventures Limited

(Cyprus), NF Trading AG

(Switzerland) 100%

– No data

Titanium business PJSC ″Crimea Titan″

titanium dioxide, pigments, sulfuric acid

431.9 3.7

OstChem Germany Gmbh (previously RSJ

Erste BeteiligungsGmbh)(Germany) 100%

– SJSC ″Titan″

(Ukraine) –50% + 1 stock

Irshanskij GOK

ilmenite concentrate, titaniferous ore

No data

branch of PJSC ″Crimea Titan″

(in rent till 2014) –

SJSC ″Ukrainian polymetals″

(Ukraine) – 100% Volnogorsrij GMK

mining and milling titanium-zirconium

sands

No data

branch of PJSC ″Crimea Titan″

(in rent till 2014) –


(Ukraine) – 100% LLC ″Mejdurechenskij GOK″

ilmenite concentrate No data

Tolexis Trading Ltd (Cyprus)

75% –


(Ukraine) – 75%


48

LLC ″Valki-Ilmenit″

ilmenite concentrate No data


75% –


(Ukraine) – 75% LLC ″Zaporozhye Titanium-Magnesium Combine″

sponge titanium and other titanium

products

No data


49%

The State Property Fund of Ukraine –

51%

SJSC ″Titan″ (Ukraine) – 100%

Soda production PJSC ″Crimean Soda Plant″

sodium carbonate 208.1 (-5.8)

Dwara Trading Limited (Cyprus)

77.4%, Valika Limited (Cyprus) 12.6%

– Ostchem Germany

GmbH (Germany) – 89.99%

The first chemical assets of the group were controlling stakes of ″Tajik Azote″

(currently CCJV ″Tajik Azote″) and Estonian AS ″Nitrofert″ acquired in 2002-2003. However, the biggest integration activity was shown by the group in the post-crisis period on Ukrainian chemical assets market. With the strong support from certain local political forces, Ostchem Holding AG conducted several large transactions during 2010-2012 and acquired control (directly or through affiliated structures) over such major manufacturers as PJSC ″Severodonetsk Complex ″Azot″, Cherkassy PJSC ″Azot″, PJSC ″Rivneazot″, PJSC ″Concern Stirol″.

To develop a vertical business, in 2012 Ostchem concentrated 100% stocks of PJSC ″UkrAgro-NPK″ – the largest Ukrainian manufacturer and trader of complex mineral fertilizers. The latter holds Ukrainian network of warehouses for selling mineral fertilizers. It allowed Ostchem group to optimize its logistics and distribution activities.

In 2011 the holding Group DF acquired LLC ″Sea specialized port Nika-Tera″ (Nikolayev) to organize and implement synergy in export business. Nika-Tera infrastructure includes facilities for handling fertilizers and other dry cargo.

Another key area for diversification of Group DF activities which fully utilizes the benefits of synergism was titanium business. Together with its development, a vertically integrated structure covering the entire production chain from mining and milling titanium ore to creating different types of final products (primarily, the titanium dioxide) was formed.

During the last ten years Ostchem in different ways (using both investment and lobbying in government) gained control of such companies as Irshanskij GOK, Volnogorsrij GMK (both currently are branches of PJSC ″Crimea Titan″), LLC ″Mejdurechenskij GOK″ and LLC ″Valki-Ilmenit″. They are the main raw material base for titanium industry.

Since December 2012, 100% stocks of PJSC ″Crimea Titan″ (a leading producer of titanium dioxide in Eastern Europe) are also under control of Ostchem Holding AG. Besides, at the end of 2012, the Tolexis Trading Ltd which is a part of Group DF won a competition among non-state enterprises and became a co-owner of LLC ″Zaporozhye Titanium-Magnesium Combine″. The latter is the only enterprise in Ukraine and entire Europe that produces sponge titanium – a metal of high technology.

To development the same production chain, Ostchem Holding AG takes a number of steps towards obtaining a controlling stake in PJSC ″Sumykhimprom″ which is planned to be sold in 2013. Currently this enterprise is owned by the state but it was undergoing readjustment since October 2012.


49

Thus, the organization of synergy and establishment of almost monopolistic control over the industry were the key reasons for creating a group of enterprises controlled by Ostchem Holding AG. The main synergy effects sources of this enterprise group are the benefits of vertical and horizontal integration: stabilization of raw materials supply, optimization of supply-side policy, centralization of investment activity, standardization of management and reporting, optimization of financial flows based on internal price and tax regulations, reducing the cost of commercial contracts. In general, the activity on Ukrainian mergers and acquisitions market has allowed group to become one of the leading fertilizers and titanium dioxide producers in the Central and Eastern Europe as well as to strengthen position in the highly competitive global markets.

Summarizing the findings of conducted research, the following conclusions can be made:

1. Intensification of integration processes and emergence of powerful vertically integrated structures is an important step in the development of Ukrainian chemical industry.

2. The basis for key integration processes in the chemical industry enterprises is organization and implementation of different synergy types.

3. The scope and terms of benefiting synergism by individual private integrated structures without taking into account state interests indicate the imperfection of privatization processes in Ukraine, selective anti-monopoly control and over-politicization of state economy.

The prospects of further research will be related to studying and summarizing international experience in integration development of chemical industry enterprises and quantitative evaluation of synergetic effects for such integration.

References

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2. Макаренко П.М. Інтеграція як фактор підвищення економічної ефективності сільського господарства / П.М. Макаренко // Наукові праці Полтавської державної аграрної академії. Вип. 3. – Т. 1. Економічні науки. – Полтава: ПДАА. – 2011. – С. 3-8.

3. Стаки Дж. Когда нужна и не нужна вертикальная интеграция / Дж. Стаки, Д. Уайт // Вестник McKinsey. – 2004. – № 3. – С. 77–101.

4. Федулова Л. І. Інтеграційні процеси корпоративних структур: можливості для інноваційного розвитку економіки України / Л. І. Федулова // Економіка і прогнозування. – 2007. – № 3. – С. 9-32 .

5. Williamson, Oliver E. The Vertical Integration of Production: Market Failure Considerations // American Economic Review. – 1971. – Vol. 61. – № 1. – P. 112-23.

6. Ансофф И. Новая корпоративная стратегия / И. Ансофф / пер. с англ.; под ред. Ю.Н. Каптуревского. – СПб.: Питер, 1999. – 416 с.

7. Булеев И.П. Проблемы оценки эффективности интеграции предприятий: синергетический поход / И.П. Булеев., С.В. Богачев // Економіка промисловості – 2009. – №4(47). – С. 126-135.

8. Кемпбелл Э. Стратегический синергизм/ Э. Кемпбелл, К. Саммерс Лачс, 2-е изд. – СПб.: Питер, 2004. – 416 с.

9. Македон В.В. Принципи та організаційні складові інтеграційної політики компаній у міжнародних моделях корпоративного управління: монографія / В.В. Македон. – Дніпропетровськ: Вид-во ДУЕП, 2011. – 396 с.

10. Пилипенко А.А. Стратегічна інтеграція підприємств: механізм управління та моделювання розвитку: монографія. / А.А. Пилипенко. – Харків, 2008. – 408 c.


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11. Шубин С. Анализ результатов вертикальной интеграции и методика оценки ее эффективности для принятия управленческих решений / С. Шубин // Инновации в экономике – М.: МГТУ «Станкин», 2003. – С. 32-34.

12. Куницына М.Ю. Анализ подходов к интеграции промышленных предприятий / М.Ю. Куницына // Стратегія і механізми регулювання промислового розвитку: Зб. наук. пр. – Донецьк: ІЕП НАНУ, 2010. – С. 359-371.

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sinergia ukrainis qimiuri mrewvelobis sawarmoebis integraciul sinergia ukrainis qimiuri mrewvelobis sawarmoebis integraciul sinergia ukrainis qimiuri mrewvelobis sawarmoebis integraciul sinergia ukrainis qimiuri mrewvelobis sawarmoebis integraciul

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Анна Шевцова кандидат экономических наук,

Светлана Гречаная кандидат экономических наук

Технологический институт Восточноукраинского Национального университета имени Владимира Даля (Украина)

СИНЕРГИЯ В ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОМ РАЗВИТИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ УКРАИНЫ Резюме

Статья посвящена вопросам организации и реализации синергии в процессе

интеграции предприятий химической промышленности Украины в посткризисный период. Проанализировано общее состояние отрасли на протяжении последних пяти лет. Выявлены и обоснованы объективные причины для инициации интеграционных процессов, определена их суть. Обобщен практический опыт создания вертикально-интегрированных структур на базе группы химических предприятий. Установлены мотивационные и организационные подходы к интеграционному развитию с учетом выгод синергизма.


51

Anna Shevtsova Ph.D. of Economic,

Svetlana Grechanaya Ph.D. of Economic

Technological Institute of East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University (Ukraine)

SYNERGY IN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN CHE MICAL

INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES Summary

The article is devoted to issues of synergy organization and implementation during the

integration process of Ukrainian chemical industry enterprises after the crisis. The overall state of the industry over the past five years is analyzed. Objective reasons for the initiation of integration process are identified and justified, their gist is determined. The practical experience of creating vertically integrated structures based on a group of chemical enterprises is generalized. Motivational and organizational approaches to integration development with the benefits of synergy are established.


52

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tarebeli organizaciis warmomadgenlebi, eqspertebi sxvadasxva sae-rTaSoriso organizaciebidan, dargis mkvlevarebi erTxmad aRiareben turizmis mniSvnelovan da mzard rols msoflios ganviTarebul da ganviTarebad qveynebSi teritoriebis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTa-rebis procesis daCqarebaSi [Samini, Sadeghi, Sadeghi, 2011; Awang, Hassan, Zahari, 2009; Kruja, Lufi, Kruja, 2011; Jones, 2010; Muhanna, 2007; Wray, 2009].

amave dros, zemoT CamoTvlili yoveli piri Tu organizacia aR-niSnavs, rom turizmis ganviTareba mdgradi unda iyos – rac gulisx-mobs, rom grZelvadian periodSi dargis ganviTareba ar unda xasiaT-debodes didi meryeobebiT, ganviTarebis procesSi ar unda SeimCneodes turistuli teritoriis ekologiuri balansis darRveva da kulturuli `dabinZureba~, xolo adgilobrivi sazogadoeba aRSfoTebiT ar unda xvdebodes mzard turistul nakadebs. turizmis ganviTareba mdgradi unda iyos ekonomikur, ekologiur da socialur aspeqtSi [Akama, Kieti, 2007; Dimoska, 2008; Monisola, 2012; Irandu, 2004; Marzuki, 2011].

turizmis amgvarad dabalansebuli ganviTarebis miRweva sakmaod rTul amocanas warmoadgens, gansakuTrebiT dRes, rodesac saerTa-Soriso turistul bazarze yoveldRe Cndeba axali turistuli daniS-nulebis adgili, interneti saSualebas aZlevs daniSnulebis axal punqtebs aqtiurad ganaxorcielon sareklamo kompania, turistebs – gacvalon informacia sakuTari STabeWdilebebis Sesaxeb, ganviTarebuli satransporto sistema msoflios nebismier wertilSi moxvedris saSua-lebas iZleva, xolo sasazRvro formalobebis TandaTanobiTi Semcireba daniSnulebis nebismieri adgilis xelmisawvdomobas zrdis. yovelive amas mivyavarT mwvave konkurenciis situaciamde, romelic dRiTi-dRe Zlierdeba. am pirobebSi nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili SeiZleba dadges moTxovnis Semcirebis faqtis winaSe. sezonuroba kidev ufro amZafrebs mdgradi ganviTarebis problemas.

TavisTavadia daskvna, rom turizmis sferoSi mTavrobis politikis gareSe mdgradi ganviTarebis miRweva principSi SeuZlebelia. kerZo seqtori, rogori organizebulic da integrirebulic ar unda iyos igi, ver SeZlebs turizmis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli iseTi sakiTxebis gadaWras, rogoricaa infrastruqturis Seqmna da SenarCuneba, turiste-bis usafrTxoebis dacva, garemosa da kulturuli resursebis Senar-Cuneba, turistuli teritoriis sareklamo kompaniis organizeba da a.S.

kvlevis ZiriTad ideas warmoadgens samomxmareblo, sainvesticio da saxelmwifo danaxarjTa ciklebis urTierTgabalansebis principis SemuSaveba, romelze dayrdnobiT met-naklebad SesaZlebelia turistu-


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li daniSnulebis punqtis mdgradi ganviTarebis miRweva grZlevadian periodSi.

kvlevis masStabebi SemosazRvrul iqna qveynis teritoriuli erTe-ulis doniT. amgvari SemosazRvris logika imaSi mdgomareobs, rom miuxedavad qveynis doneze dargis ganviTarebis mravali amocanis gadaW-risa, rogoricaa qveynis, rogorc turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis reklamireba saerTaSoriso bazrebze, dargis ganviTarebis saerTo stra-tegiis Seqmna da realizacia da a.S., turizmTan dakavSirebuli Ronis-Ziebebis didi nawili adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis mier xorciel-deba. imdenad, ramdenadac msxvil turistul centrebs, romlebic momx-marebels turistuli momsaxurebis did mravalferovnebas sTavazoben, naklebad uCndebad ganviTarebis problemebi, Cveni kvleva ZiriTadad mcire masStabis turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebzea orientirebuli, romelTac erTi-ori sakvanZo turistuli atraqcioni gaaCniaT.

kvlevis pirvel nawilSipirvel nawilSipirvel nawilSipirvel nawilSi Camoyalibda turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis, rogorc erTi mTliani produqtis, koncefcia, romelsac sa-kuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia. amgvari midgoma ar aris axali, igi xSirad gamoiyeneba daniSnulebis punqtis konkurentunarianobis kvlevis dros mravali mkvlevaris mier.

kvlevis Semdegi nawiliSemdegi nawiliSemdegi nawiliSemdegi nawili daeTmo turistuli daniSnulebis adgilis kerZo sainvesticio ciklis identifikacias. kvleva daeyrdno sainves-ticio saqmianobasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad makro da mikroekonomikur postulatebs, aseve daniSnulebis punqtebSi sainvesticio saqmianobis gamokvlevaTa masalebs. Seswavlil iqna investiciebis ciklurobis war-momSobi ZiriTadi mizezebi.

kvlevis mesame nawilSimesame nawilSimesame nawilSimesame nawilSi identificirebul iqna adgilobrivi TviTm-marTvelobis politika turizmis sferoSi. dadginda ZiriTadi damo-kidebulebebi saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebs, teritoriis ekonomi-kuri ganviTarebis saerTo strategias, turizmis ganviTarebis teri-toriul strategias da dargis ganviTarebaze mimarTul Tanxebs Soris. SemuSavda adgilobrivi finansuri politikis ciklurobis ZiriTadi sqema.

kvlevis meoTxe nawilSimeoTxe nawilSimeoTxe nawilSimeoTxe nawilSi daisva daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis problema da SemuSavda is ZiriTadi socialur-ekonomikuri miznebi, romlebsac unda miaRwios turizmma, rogorc konkretuli da-niSnulebis punqtis mdgradi ganviTarebis mTavarma faqtorma.

kvlevis daskvniTidaskvniTidaskvniTidaskvniTi nawilinawilinawilinawili daeTmo ganviTarebis sqemis SemuSavebas, romlis farglebSic turistuli, sainvesticio da sabiujeto nakadebis urTierTkveTa da urTierTdabalanseba iwveven wina nawilSi dasmuli socialur-ekonomikuri miznebis miRwevas.

Tavi 1. daniSnulebis punqti, rogorc produqtiTavi 1. daniSnulebis punqti, rogorc produqtiTavi 1. daniSnulebis punqti, rogorc produqtiTavi 1. daniSnulebis punqti, rogorc produqti sanam gadavidodeT daniSnulebis adgilis, rogorc erTi mTliani

turistuli produqtis, analizze, jer unda gavarkvioT, SeiZleba Tu ara turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis erTian produqtad ganxilva.

bevri turistuli teritoria gamoirCeva erTi romelime sakvanZo `produqtiT~ - mTavari mizidulobis wertiliT, romelic turistuli nakadebis modinebis mTavar mizezs warmoadgens. magaliTad, qobuleTi swored amgvari teritoriis magaliTs warmoadgens – turistebi qobu-


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leTSi zafxulSi plaJze gasarujad Camodian. sezonuri tipis am ku-rortis infrastruqtura plaJze dasasveneblad Camosuli adamianebis momsaxurebas Seesabameba. turistuli paketis SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli ganTavsebis, kvebisa da transportirebis elementebi am teritoriaze mxolod plaJebis gamo arsebobs. ra Tqma unda, damsvenebels, plaJisagan `Tavisufal” dros, SeuZlia moinaxulos arqeologiuri gaTxrebi fiWv-narSi, baTumis botanikuri baRi, petras cixe, gaerTos klubSi da a.S. magram yoveli zemoT aRniSnuli elementi plaJze dasvenebis danamats warmoadgens da ar SeiZleba calke mniSvnelovan erTeulad iqnes gamo-yofili.

amgvari daniSnulebis punqtebis, rogorc erTiani turistuli pro-duqtis ganxilva savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan isini momxmarebels erT ZiriTad produqts awodeben sxvadasxva damatebiT servisebTan erTad.

Tumca, arsebobs daniSnulebis mravali adgili, romlebic Tavis TavSi moicaven ara erT, aramed ramdenime turistul produqts. turis-tuli daniSnulebis msxvili punqti, magaliTad, Tbilisi, mogzaurs mra-valferovan STabeWdilebebs sTavazobs – Zvel da axal arqiteqturas, religiur turs, Rvinis da samzareulos turs, sadResaswaulo turs, kulturul turebs da sxv. miuxedavad am mravalferovnebisa, Tbilisi, aseve SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli, rogorc erTiani turistuli produqti. saqme aq imaSi ki ar aris, Tu ramdenad mravalferovan paketebs sTa-vazobs mocemuli daniSnulebis punqti vizitiors, aramed imaSi, aRiqvams Tu ara vizitiori daniSnulebis punqts, rogorc erT mTlians.

iseT qalaqSi mogzaurobis dros, rogoric Tbilisia, nebismieri vizitiori Seecdeba maqsimalurad SeigrZnos mocemuli turistuli te-ritoriis mravalferovneba. daniSnulebis punqti erTi mTavari tu-ristuli produqtiT da teritoria ramdenime sakvanZo turiT erTnairad pozicionirdebian vizitioris gonebaSi im gansxvavebiT, rom qobuleTi asocirdeba ZiriTadad plaJTan, xolo Tbilisi - sxvadasxva turistuli RirSesaniSnaobebis erTobliobasTan.

aqedan gamomdinareobs turistuli produqtis mgegmavTa da turis-tuli politikis ganmaxorcielebelTa moqmedebebis specifika –qobule-Tis dagegmva da ganviTareba xdeba ZiriTadad plaJis infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mxriv plus RonisZiebebi, romlebic sezonis maqsimalur gaxangrZlivebas cdiloben, Tbilisis dagegmva da ganviTareba ZiriTa-dad mimdinareobs arsebuli turistuli produqtebis modificirebisa da maTi mravalferovnebis gadidebis, axali turistuli produqtebis dagegmvisa da SeTavazebis mimarTulebiT. orive SemTxvevaSi turizmis politikis ganmaxorcieleblebi aseve aRiqvamen am daniSnulebis punq-tebs, rogorc erTian turistul produqts, romelsac ganviTarebis er-Tiani, koordinirebuli politika esaWiroeba.

raSi gvWirdeba imis dadastureba, rom daniSnulebis punqti erT mTlian produqtad SeiZleba iqnes ganxiluli?! imisaTvis, rom movargoT am koncefcias saqonlis sasicocxlo ciklis cnobili koncefcia da warmovadginoT turistuli teritoria, rogorc produqti, romelsac sa-kuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia.

turistuli produqtisadmi amgvari midgoma xSirad gamoiyeneba turizmis ekonomikuri analizis ganxorcielebisas, dawyebuli 1980 wli-dan, rodesac batlerma pirvelad Semoitana mocemuli instrumenti da dayo turizmis ganviTareba aRmoCenis, CarTulobis, ganviTarebis, kon-


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solidaciis, stagnaciis da dacemis etapebad [Butler, 1980; Butler, 2011; Getz, 1992; Coelho, Butler, 2012; Baum, 1998].

garda amisa, turizmis sasicocxlo ciklis kavSirs daniSnulebis mocemuli adgilis turizmis politikasTan, ekonomikur ganviTarebasTan, sainvesticio aqtivobasTan, konkurentunarianobasTan da sxva faqtoreb-Tan miZRvnili aqvs mravali saintereso gamokvleva [Cole, 2007; Cole, 2012; Kamat, 2010; Golembski, Nawrot, Olszewski, Zmyslony, 2010; Butler, 2009; Butler, 2010; Williams, 1993; Garay, Canoves, 2011; Hovinen, 2002].

gavixsenoT produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis etapebi da SevecadoT maTi meSveobiT teritoriis, rogorc erTiani turistuli produqtis sicocxlis etapebis aRwera.

turistuli produqtis SemuSavebis etapzeSemuSavebis etapzeSemuSavebis etapzeSemuSavebis etapze turizmis dagegmvaze pasuxismgebeli saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi an mravalmxrivi organo cdilobs Seqmnas da gaataros cxovrebaSi garkveuli siaxle, romelic turistuli nakadebis masStabebis gadidebis winapiroba iqneba. turizmis dagegmvaze pasuximgebeli saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi an mravalmxrivi organo warmoadgens droebiT an mudmivmoqmed struqturas, romelsac evaleba SeimuSavos daniSnulebis mocemul punqtSi turizmis ganviTa-rebis strategia, gaataros igi cxovrebaSi da kontroli gauwios moce-muli strategiis realizacias.

amgvari struqtura SeiZleba warmoadgendes adgilobriv TviTm-marTvelobaSi Semaval turizmis ganviTarebis ganyofilebas. meore mxriv, es SeiZleba iyos teritoriis turistul saagentoTa asociaciis mier Seqmnili turizmis ganviTarebis specialuri komiteti, romelSic kerZo biznesis warmomadgenlebi Sedian. turizmis dagegmva da RonisZie-baTa realizacia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mravalmxrivi samuSao jgu-fis funqcionirebis safuZvelze, romelSic Sedian saxelmwifo organo-Ta, kerZo da akademiuri, masmediis, arasamTavrobo seqtoris warmomad-genlebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom turizmis politikis mkvlevarTa absolu-turi umravlesoba emxroba turizmis politikis dagegmvasa da reali-zacias mxolod multilaterul safuZvelze, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom amgvari aqtiuroba mxolod adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis struqtu-ruli qvedanayofebis an adgilobriv turoperatorTa erToblivi moqme-debebiT SeiZleba xorcieldebodes.

naxazze 1 mocemulia regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis grafiki. produqtis SemuSavebis etapze, rodesac turizmis dagegmvaze pasuxismgebeli organo regionis, rogorc turis-tuli produqtis Seqmnis an arsebulis reorganizaciis etapze imyofeba, turistuli danaxarjebis odenoba minimaluria.

bazarze gatanis etapigatanis etapigatanis etapigatanis etapi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtisaTvis gulisxmobs turistuli nakadis neli tempebiT gadidebas, rac Tavis-Tavad gulisxobs turistuli danaxarjebis neli zrdis tempebs. am dros mocemuli teritoriis Sesaxeb informacia nel-nela vrceldeba rogorc Sida, ise saerTaSoriso turistul bazrebze, xolo turope-ratorebi da tursaagentoebi iwyeben daniSnulebis punqtiT daintere-sebas, turistebi ki `sinjaven~ mogzaurobas mocemul daniSnulebis punqtSi. bazarze gatanis etapze turistuli danaxarjebis odenoba uf-ro maRalia, vidre produqtis SemuSavebis etapze.

zrdis etapizrdis etapizrdis etapizrdis etapi bazris swrafi dapyrobis etaps gulisxmobs. am etapze turistuli teritoria sul ufro mzard wils moipovebs bazarze. es


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niSnavs, rom turistuli nakadebis modineba daniSnulebis punqtSi mzardi tempebiT xorcieldeba. es iwvevs turistuli danaxarjebis mkveTr zrdas, rac sasicocxlo ciklis grafikis aRmavlobiT aisaxeba. zrdis etapis dadgoma niSnavs imas, rom mocemuli teritoriis turistu-li produqtebis `mosinjvis~ faza damTavrda da ZiriTadma momxmarebel-ma igi misaRebad CaTvala. TavisTavad cxadia, yoveli daniSnulebis punq-tisTvis arsebobs safrTxe imisa, rom `mosinjvis~ faza aRar gadavides zrdis fazaSi, Tu momxmareblebma mocemuli turistuli produqti ar miiRes.

simwifis etapzesimwifis etapzesimwifis etapzesimwifis etapze turistuli nakadebis zrdis tempi mcirdeba, radgan potenciuri vizitiorebis ZiriTadi masa ukve mozidulia. am etapze turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba maqsimums aRwevs. es niSnavs, rom mocemuli daniSnulebis punqti stabiluri warmatebis fazaSi imyofeba, moTxovna gajerebulia da savaraudod mocemuli teritoria datvirTvis maqsimumze muSaobs. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom Cndeba dacemis niSnebi, romlebic vizitiorTa mxridan mocemuli daniSnulebis punqtis `moyirWebiT~ aris gamowveuli, rac gamoixateba turistuli danaxarjebis moculobis garkveuli SemcirebiT.

dacemis fazaSidacemis fazaSidacemis fazaSidacemis fazaSi turistuli nakadis sidide Semcirebas iwyebs, rac turistuli danaxarjebis Semcirebas niSnavs. am etapze mocemuli te-ritoriis mier SemoTavazebuli turistuli produqtebi potenciur vi-zitiorTa didi nawilisaTvis uintereso xdeba, radgan maT siaxle da daniSnulebis axali adgilebi ufro izidavT. sasicocxlo cikli daR-maval formas Rebulobs.

nax.1. regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklinax.1. regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklinax.1. regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklinax.1. regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikli sasicocxlo ciklis instrumentis gamoyenebis dros ismis kiTxva –

srulad Seesabameba Tu ara sasicocxlo ciklis fazebi daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis logikas? SeiZleba arsebobdes turistuli te-ritoriebi, romlebsac saerTod ar gaaCniaT dacemis faza da aRmavlo-


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bis fazis Semdeg maTi sasicocxlo cikli horizontalur formas Re-bulobs. magaliTad, kurorts, romelic romelime avadmyofobis mkurna-lobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, yovelTvis eyoleba vizitiorTa garkveuli, stabiluri odenoba.

am kiTxvaze pasuxs turizmSi arsebuli Tanamedrove tendenciebi gvaZlevs – praqtikulad verc erTi turistuli teritoria dedamiwis zurgze, Tu ar CavTvliT gansakuTrebuli istoriuli da kulturuli Rirebulebis msxvil centrebs, ver CaTvlis Tavs daculad konkuren-ciisagan. Tanamedrove msoflioSi yoveldRe Cndeba axali, diversifi-cirebuli daniSnulebis adgilebi, xolo sazRvrebis moSla da trans-portis ganviTareba vizitiorisaTvis xelmisawvdoms xdis nebismier wertils dedamiwaze. amdenad, nebismieri turistuli adgilisTvis sasi-cocxlo cikli adre Tu gvian dacemis fazaSi gadava.

Tu SevajamebT yovelive zemoTTqmuls, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom: ---- nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis punqti SeiZleba ganxilul nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis punqti SeiZleba ganxilul nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis punqti SeiZleba ganxilul nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis punqti SeiZleba ganxilul

iqnes, rogoiqnes, rogoiqnes, rogoiqnes, rogorc erTiani turistuli produqti, romelsac, sxva prorc erTiani turistuli produqti, romelsac, sxva prorc erTiani turistuli produqti, romelsac, sxva prorc erTiani turistuli produqti, romelsac, sxva produqduqduqduq----tebis msgavsad, sakuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia;tebis msgavsad, sakuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia;tebis msgavsad, sakuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia;tebis msgavsad, sakuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia;

---- turistuli teritoria gadis sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis, turistuli teritoria gadis sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis, turistuli teritoria gadis sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis, turistuli teritoria gadis sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis, bazarze gatanis, zrdis, simwifisa da dacemis fazebs, romlis drosac bazarze gatanis, zrdis, simwifisa da dacemis fazebs, romlis drosac bazarze gatanis, zrdis, simwifisa da dacemis fazebs, romlis drosac bazarze gatanis, zrdis, simwifisa da dacemis fazebs, romlis drosac icvleba vizitiorTa nakadeicvleba vizitiorTa nakadeicvleba vizitiorTa nakadeicvleba vizitiorTa nakadebisa da turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba;bisa da turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba;bisa da turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba;bisa da turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba;

---- Tanamedrove globaluri tendenciebi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom Tanamedrove globaluri tendenciebi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom Tanamedrove globaluri tendenciebi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom Tanamedrove globaluri tendenciebi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili garkveul etapze gadadis nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili garkveul etapze gadadis nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili garkveul etapze gadadis nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili garkveul etapze gadadis dacemis fazaSi.dacemis fazaSi.dacemis fazaSi.dacemis fazaSi.

Tavi 2. kerZo sainvesticio cikliTavi 2. kerZo sainvesticio cikliTavi 2. kerZo sainvesticio cikliTavi 2. kerZo sainvesticio cikli am nawilSi SevecdebiT vupasuxoT kiTxvas, rogoria turistul

teritoriaze sainvesticio aqtivobis dinamika da ra kavSirSia igi tu-ristuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklTan. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ar ganvixilavT multiplikatorul efeqtebs. turistul, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebs gaaCniaT sakuTari multiplikatoruli efeqtebi, romliTac isini moqmedeben daniSnulebis punqtis ekonomikaze. analizis simartivisaTvis davuSvaT, rom multiplikatoruli efeqti ar arsebobs. es arc ise sworia ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, magram mosaxerxebelia, rodesac danaxarjTa sxvadasxva ciklebis urTierTgavlenas ganvixi-lavT. Cvens mier ganxiluli fazebi principSi moicavs drois imdenad xangrZliv periods, rom nebismieri danaxarjis multiplikatoruli efeqti savaraudod ar gadava Semdeg fazaze da amdenad ver moaxdens gavlenas momdevno fazaSi ganxorcielebul danaxarjTa saerTo jamze. amdenad, analizis gamartivebis mizniT Cven ubralod `gavaqreT~ yoveli tipis danaxarjis multiplikatoruli efeqti.

swored amis gamo, wina TavSi ganxilul iqna turistuli danaxar-jebis sidide, raSic igulisxmeba mxolod vizitiorTa mier ganxor-cielebuli danaxarjebi da ara am Tanxebis Semdgomi brunva turistul teritoriaze. amave mizeziT, Cven ganvixilavT investiciebs mxolod im sawarmoebSi, romlebsac uSualo kontaqtebi gaaCniaT vizitiorebTan da ar mivaqcevT yuradRebas meorad investiciebs, romlebic am sawarmoebis momsaxure dargebSi ganxorcielda, aseve am sainvesticio danaxarjTa Semdgom brunvas mocemul teritoriaze. igive mizeziTYCven ganvixilavT mxolod mTavrobis danaxarjebs daniSnulebis punqtis, rogorc tu-


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ristuli produqtis Seqmnis, reklamirebisa da SenarCunebis mizniT da ara am danaxarjTa Semdgom brunvas ekonomikaSi.

rogorc cnobilia, investiciebs meryevi buneba gaaCniaT. amgvar meryeobas mravali faqtori ganapirobebs – investorTa molodinebi, eko-nomikuri zrdis tempebi, konkretuli dargis gafarToebisa da Semcire-bis tendenciebi, saprocento ganakveTis cvlileba, teqnologiuri siax-leebis danergvis done da a.S.

Cveni analizis mizniT gavakeToT daSveba, rom investiciebis yvela determinanti, garda turizmis dargis Sekveca-gafarToebis faqtorisa, ucvleli rCeba. vnaxoT, ra gavlenas axdens investiciebis dinamikaze da-niSnulebis punqtis mier sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazebis gavla.

Tumca, sanam fazebis detalur ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, kidev erT detalze unda SevTanxmdeT. logikuria, rom investorebi, romlebic api-reben gadawyvetilebis miRebas sastumroebSi, restornebSi, transportsa Tu atraqcionebSi, upirveles yovlisa, orientirs iReben dargis gan-viTarebis perspeqtivebze da Tu es perspeqtivebi pozitiuria, maSin isini dadebiT gadawyvetilebas miiReben, xolo negatiuris SemTxvevaSi uars ityvian investirebaze.

magram rogor miiReba amgvari gadawyvetileba? ekonomistTa nawili Tvlis, rom mewarmeebi racionaluri molodinis Teoriis mixedviT moq-medeben, rac niSnavs, rom potenciuri investori flobs sakmaris in-formacias da gaaCnia analitikuri unari, sworad Seafasos dargSi Seqm-nili situacia, zustad gaakeTos dargis ganviTarebis prognozi da am prognozis Sesabamisad miiRos gadawyvetileba investirebis ganxor-cielebis Sesaxeb. racionaluri molodinis Teoriaze dayrdnoba Cveni analizisaTvis niSnavs imas, rom investorebi zustad xvdebian turis-tuli teritoriis sasicocxlo ciklis ganviTarebis mimarTulebas da maTi sainvesticio gadawyvetilebebi win uswrebs sasicocxlo ciklis fazebs. anu, rodesac daniSnulebis punqti aRmavlobis fazaSi gadadis, mewarmeebma winaswar ician amis Sesaxeb da aRmavlobis fazis dawyebamde iwyeben sainvesticio danaxarjebis ganxorcielebas. es niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli odnav uswrebs win sasicocxlo cikls.

racionaluri molodinis Teoria naklebad gamodgeba turizmis dargSi investorTa qcevis aRwerisaTvis. es ar aris fasiani qaRaldis bazari, romelzec profesionali moTamaSeebi rTuli maTematikuri mo-delebis meSveobiT axorcieleben bazris prognozirebas. Cven ganvixi-lavT turistuli produqtis industrias, romelic moicavs biznes-menebs, romlebic axorcieleben ganTavsebis, kvebis, transportirebisa da atraqcionebis momsaxurebas da umetes SemTxvevaSi, warmodgenac ara aqvT saqonlis sasicocxlo ciklze. es adamianebi gadawyvetilebas mo-mavali investiciebis Sesaxeb dRevandeli da warsuli realobidan ga-momdinare Rebuloben. Tu isini xedaven garkveul pozitiuri tenden-ciebs dRes, maSin didi albaTobiT miRebuli iqneba gadawyvtileba ar-sebuli simZlavreebis gafarToebis an axali simZlavreebis Seqmnis Sesa-xeb. amdenad, ufro upriania vilaparakoT adapturi molodinis Teoria-ze, rogorc investorTa qcevis ufro karg aRmwerze.

adapturi molodinis Teoriis mixedviT investorebi cvlian Ta-vianT saqciels situaciis cvlilebaze pasuxad. es niSnavs, rom gadaw-yvetileba turistul obieqtSi investiciis Sesaxeb umetes SemTxvevaSi miiReba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac investori dainaxavs, rom mocemul


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teritoriaze dafiqsirda sakmarisi turistuli nakadi sakmarisi zrdis tempiT. mewarmem jer mogeba unda dainaxos da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyebs sastumros, restornis an atraqcionis mSeneblobas.

Tu investorebi adapturi molodinis Teoriis mixedviT moqmedeben, rac ufro misaRebi da logikuria, vidre racionaluri molodinis Teoriis postulatebis mixedviT moqmedeba, maSin sainvesticio cikli cotaTi CamorCeba turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. amgvari CamorCenis periodi ufro izrdeba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom investirebis ganxorcielebas garkveuli dro sWirdeba. mkveTrad gamo-xatul sezonur turistul teritoriebze amgvari CamorCena ufro mka-fio saxes Rebulobs.

nax.2. kerZo sainvesticio danaxarjnax.2. kerZo sainvesticio danaxarjnax.2. kerZo sainvesticio danaxarjnax.2. kerZo sainvesticio danaxarjebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva ebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva ebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva ebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva

fazaSifazaSifazaSifazaSi naxazi 2 gviCvenebs sainvesticio aqtiurobis sidides turistuli

produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazebSi. rogorc naxazidan Cans, produqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapze sainvesticio aqtiuroba saerTod ar fiqsirdeba – investorebi ar axorcieleben aqtiur moqmedebebs, radgan ver xedaven turistul nakadebs, da Sesabamisad, verc potenciur mogebas TavianT investiciebze.

investorTa gaaqtiurebis periodad SeiZleba bazarze gatanis etapibazarze gatanis etapibazarze gatanis etapibazarze gatanis etapi CavTvaloT. am dros turistuli teritoria iwyebs vizitiorTa pirveli nakadebis mozidvas, rac zrdis mocemul teritoriaze ganTavsebuli sxvadasxva turistuli obieqtebis Semosavlebs da mogebas. es izidavs potenciur investorebs, romlebic nel-nel iwyeben turistuli indust-riisaTvis simZlavreebis damatebas.

kapitaldabandebaTa odenoba ufro aqtiur fazaSi gadadis, rode-sac mocemuli teritoria zrdis etapszrdis etapszrdis etapszrdis etaps miaRwevs. axla ukve aSkara xdeba, rom daniSnulebis punqtis turistuli produqtebi mowonebiT sargeb-lobs vizitiorTa Soris, rac maT nakadebs swrafi tempiT adidebs, ra-sac investorebi kapitaldabandebaTa gazrdili raodenobiT pasuxoben. turistuli nakadebi gamudmebiT matulobs, rac mewarmeebs aZlevs sa-


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Sualebas gaakeTon daskvnebi bazris dadebiTi perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb, amitom sainvesticio aqtiurobis tempebi matulobs maSinac ki, rodesac turistuli daniSnulebis adgili simwifis fazassimwifis fazassimwifis fazassimwifis fazas aRwevs da turistuli nakadebis zrdis tempebi mcirdeba.

turistuli nakadebis odenoba da zrdis tempi statistikuri maC-veneblebia, romlebic met-naklebi siaxloviT dgindeba da zustdeba Sesabamisi organoebis mier garkveuli periodisaTvis. calke aRebul mewarmes naklebi SesaZlebloba aqvs zustad gansazRvros turistuli nakadebis sidide da maTi zrdis tempi manam, sanam amis Sesaxeb infor-macias ar gamoaqveynebs statistikuri samsaxuri. amdenad, mewarme xedavs, rom turistuli nakadebi izrdeba, da miuxedavad imisa, rom am nakadis zrdis tempi Semcirebas iwyebs, mewarme agrZelebs sakuTar aqtiur sain-vesticio politikas.

yovelive zemoaRniSnuli niSnavs imas, rom im momentisaTvis, roca teritoriam ukve gaiara simwifis faza da dacdacdacdacemis etapzeemis etapzeemis etapzeemis etapze gadavida, sainvesticio aqtiuroba agrZelebs Tavis aRmasvlas da savaraudod swo-red maSin miaRwevs piks, rodesac turistul teritoriaze dacema iwyeba. adapturi molodinis Teoriis mixedviT moqmedi mewarmeebi mxolod am fazis bolos, rodesac sezonis bolos monacemTa Segrovebis, analizisa da daskvnebis gakeTebis dro modis, xvdebian, rom daiwyo dacema da iwyeben kapitaldabandebaTa odenobis Semcirebas.

sainvesticio ciklis dagvianeba turistuli produqtis sasicoc-xlo ciklTan SedarebiT saSualebas gvaZlevs wamovayenoT ramdenime mniSvnelovani mosazreba.

nax.3. deficiti turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis nax.3. deficiti turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis nax.3. deficiti turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis nax.3. deficiti turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis

dagvianebis gamodagvianebis gamodagvianebis gamodagvianebis gamo

upirveles yovlisa, ganvixiloT situacia, rodesac, turistuli daniSnulebis punqti gadadis aRmavlobis fazaSi, potenciuri investo-rebi ki dagvianebiT reagireben am situaciaze. mocemuli procesi asaxu-lia naxazze 3.

naxazi aCvenebs sawyis mdgomareobas turistuli produqtis ba-zarze (P1;Q1). unda aRiniSnos, rom miwodebis vertikaluri S1 grafiki


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asaxavs daSvebas, rom umokles periodSi teritoria awodebs fiqsire-buli odenobis turistul produqtebs vizitiorebs da am periodSi ar SeuZlia Secvalos warmoebis moculoba. rac Seexeba moTxovnis D1 mruds, igi standartuli daRmavali formiT aris asaxuli.

Cveni Semdegomi analizi exeba turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis aRmaval fazas, romlis drosac moTxovna ufro swrafi tempiT izrdeba D1-dan D2-mde, xolo miwodebis zrdis tempi ufro dabalia da uzrunvelyofs gadaadgilebas S1-dan mxolod S2-mde. miwodebis zrdis tempi mcirea, radgan Cvens mier gakeTebuli daskvnis Sesabamisad, inves-torebi dagvianebiT reagireben turistuli nakadebis zrdaze, ris gamoc turistuli industriis simZlavreebi neli tempebiT matulobs.

ra Sedegamde mivyavarT amgvar cvlilebebs bazarze? upirveles yovlisa, fiqsirdeba turistuli produqtis deficiti, radgan daniSnu-lebis punqts P1 fasad SeuZlia miawodos mxolod Q2 odenobis turis-tuli produqti. amave dros ki am fasad arsebobs moTxovna Q1-1 odeno-bis momsaxurebaze. am or maCvenebels Soris sxvaoba warmoadgens defi-cits bazarze. aseTi situacia Zalian xSiria da gansakuTrebiT mwvaved aisaxeba ganTavsebis saSualebaTa seqtorSi.

ratom P1 fasad? imitom, rom turistuli bazrisTvis zogadad da-maxasiaTebeli sezonurobis gamo warmoebis momdevno ciklisaTvis tur-operatorebi da turistuli bazris sxva monawileebi savaraudo fasebs swored wina sezonis fasebze dayrdnobiT sazRvraven.

moTxovnis siWarbe miwodebasTan SedarebiT iwvevs imas, rasac xSirad vakvirdebiT turistul daniSnulebis punqtebSi – fasebis gadi-debas regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sxvadasxva Semadgenel elementebze. grafikulad es asaxulia bazris svliT axali wonasworo-bisaken (P2;Q2).

axla ganvixiloT sapirispiro situacia, rodesac, turistuli te-ritoria gadadis dacemis fazaSi, potenciuri investorebi ki kvlav dagvianebiT reagireben am situaciaze. mocemuli procesi asaxulia na-xazze 4.

naxazi 4 aCvenebs sawyis mdgomareobas bazarze, romelzec arsebobs wonasworoba (P2;Q2). Cveni Semdegomi analizi exeba turistuli pro-duqtis sasicocxlo ciklis daRmaval fazas, romlis drosac moTxovna mcirdeba D2-dan D3-mde, xolo miwodeba agrZelebs zrdas S2-dan S3-mde. miwodeba zrdas agrZelebs Cvens mier gakeTebuli daskvnebis Sesabami-sad, roca investorebi dagvianebiT reagireben turistuli nakadebis klebaze da agrZeleben kapitaldabandebebis gakeTebas miuxedavad sasi-cocxlo ciklis dacemis etapis dawyebisa.

ra Sedegamde mivyavarT amgvar cvlilebebs bazarze? upirveles yovlisa, fiqsirdeba turistuli produqtis siWarbe, radgan daniSnu-lebis punqts P2 fasad SeuZlia miawodos Q3 odenobis momsaxureba, ama-ve dros ki am fasad arsebobs moTxovna Q2-2 odenobis momsaxurebaze. am or maCvenebels Soris sxvaoba warmoadgens siWarbes bazarze.

ratom P2 fasad? aq igive mizezi moqmedebs, rac wina SemTxvevaSi – turistuli bazrisTvis zogadad damaxasiaTebeli sezonurobis gamo warmoebis momdevno ciklisaTvis turoperatorebi da turistuli baz-ris sxva monawileebi savaraudo fasebs swored wina sezonis fasebze dayrdnobiT sazRvraven.


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nax.4. siWarbe turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis didi nax.4. siWarbe turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis didi nax.4. siWarbe turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis didi nax.4. siWarbe turistuli momsaxurebis bazarze investiciebis didi

odenobis gamoodenobis gamoodenobis gamoodenobis gamo miwodebis siWarbe moTxovnasTan SedarebiT iwvevs fasebis dacemas

regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sxvadasxva Semadgenel ele-mentebze. grafikulad es niSnavs bazris svlas axali wonasworobisaken (P3;Q3).

SevajamoT Cveni analizis Sedegebi: ---- turistul produqtSi investirebas cikluri xasiaTi gaaCnia, turistul produqtSi investirebas cikluri xasiaTi gaaCnia, turistul produqtSi investirebas cikluri xasiaTi gaaCnia, turistul produqtSi investirebas cikluri xasiaTi gaaCnia,

xolo Tavad investorebi adapturi xolo Tavad investorebi adapturi xolo Tavad investorebi adapturi xolo Tavad investorebi adapturi molodinis Teoriis postulatebis molodinis Teoriis postulatebis molodinis Teoriis postulatebis molodinis Teoriis postulatebis Sesabamisad moqmedeben, rac niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli droSi Sesabamisad moqmedeben, rac niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli droSi Sesabamisad moqmedeben, rac niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli droSi Sesabamisad moqmedeben, rac niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli droSi CamorCeba regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. CamorCeba regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. CamorCeba regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. CamorCeba regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. es niSnavs, rom investiciebi zrdas iwyebs dagvianebiT sasicocxlo es niSnavs, rom investiciebi zrdas iwyebs dagvianebiT sasicocxlo es niSnavs, rom investiciebi zrdas iwyebs dagvianebiT sasicocxlo es niSnavs, rom investiciebi zrdas iwyebs dagvianebiT sasicocxlo ciklis zrdis fazebTan mimarTeciklis zrdis fazebTan mimarTeciklis zrdis fazebTan mimarTeciklis zrdis fazebTan mimarTebaSi. kapitaldabandebaTa kleba aseve baSi. kapitaldabandebaTa kleba aseve baSi. kapitaldabandebaTa kleba aseve baSi. kapitaldabandebaTa kleba aseve iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca turistuli produqti ukve gadasulia dacemis iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca turistuli produqti ukve gadasulia dacemis iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca turistuli produqti ukve gadasulia dacemis iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca turistuli produqti ukve gadasulia dacemis fazaSi;fazaSi;fazaSi;fazaSi;

---- sasicocxlo da sainvesticio ciklebissasicocxlo da sainvesticio ciklebissasicocxlo da sainvesticio ciklebissasicocxlo da sainvesticio ciklebis daumTxvevloba daumTxvevloba daumTxvevloba daumTxvevloba turistul bazarze iwvevs gansxvavebebs moTxovnisa da miwodebis turistul bazarze iwvevs gansxvavebebs moTxovnisa da miwodebis turistul bazarze iwvevs gansxvavebebs moTxovnisa da miwodebis turistul bazarze iwvevs gansxvavebebs moTxovnisa da miwodebis sidideebs Soris, rasac mivyavarsidideebs Soris, rasac mivyavarsidideebs Soris, rasac mivyavarsidideebs Soris, rasac mivyavarT deficitisa da fasebis zrdisaken an T deficitisa da fasebis zrdisaken an T deficitisa da fasebis zrdisaken an T deficitisa da fasebis zrdisaken an siWarbisa da fasebis klebisaken.siWarbisa da fasebis klebisaken.siWarbisa da fasebis klebisaken.siWarbisa da fasebis klebisaken.

Tavi 3. turizmis politikis cikliTavi 3. turizmis politikis cikliTavi 3. turizmis politikis cikliTavi 3. turizmis politikis cikli daniSnulebis punqtis, rogorc turistuli produqtis, sasicocx-

lo ciklis da kapitaldabandebaTa dinamikis identificirebis Semdeg saWiroa mTavrobis danaxarjebis gaanalizeba. ZiriTadi postulati romlis damtkicebasac SevecdebiT, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, daniSnulebis adgilis mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni Semosavalic gaaCnia. Cveni logika imaSi mdgomareobs, rom teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis tempebis gadideba niSnavs gazrdil sagada-


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saxado Semosavlebs biujetSi, xolo gazrdili sagadasaxado Semosav-lebi saSualebs aZlevs mTavrobas meti fuli daxarjos sakuTari funq-ciebis SesrulebisaTvis. gazrdili sabiujeto Semosavlebis xarjze mTavroba axorcielebs damatebiT kapitaldabandebebs infrastruqtu-raSi, uzrunvelyofs teritorias sazogadoebrivi produqtebiT, komuna-luri servisebiT, jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis momsaxurebiT, axorcie-lebs teritoriis sareklamo kampanias da a.S.

sabiujeto procesis specifikuroba kidev erTi argumentia Cveni postulatis sasargeblod. rogorc wesi, sabiujeto wlis ganmavlobaSi gazrdili Semosavlebi migviyvans biujetSi cvlilebis Setanamde, ro-melic uzrunvelyofs imas, rom es gazrdili Semosavlebi gadidebul sabiujeto danaxarjebSi aisaxos. Tu mocemul teritoriaze fiqsirdeba turistTa mcire nakadi, biujetSic cota fuli Sedis da iqidanac naklebi ixarjeba, meore mxriv, turistuli danaxarjebis mateba niSnavs sabiujeto Semosavlebisa da samTavrobo xarjebis zrdasac.

nebismieri produqtisaTvis sasicocxlo ciklis saqonlis SemuSa-vebis etapi gulisxmobs imas, rom kompania mniSvnelovan kapitaldabande-bebs axorcielebs produqtis SemuSavebaSi, bazris kvlevaSi, origina-luri teqnologiis SemuSavebasa da Sesabamisi manqana-danadgarebis Se-Zena-damontaJebaSi, dizainis, sareklamo kompaniis gasaRebis qselebis SemuSavebasa da organizaciaSi. yovelive es mniSvnelovan finansur re-sursebTan aris dakavSirebuli. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, upriani xom ar iqneboda imis varaudi, rom swored saqonlis SemuSavebis etapze aris saxelmwifo danaxarjebi yvelaze didi da nel-nela klebulobs ciklis Semdeg etapebze gadasvlis paralelurad?

am kiTxvaze SeiZleba uaryofiTad vupasuxoT Cveni produqtis ori-ginalurobis da specifikurobis gamo. saqme imaSia, rom `saqonlis Se-muSavebis~ etapi mTavrobisaTvis arc ise did danaxarjebTanaa dakav-Sirebuli, rogorc es erTi SexedviT Cans. daniSnulebis adgili, ro-gorc turistuli produqti, samTavrobo, biznes da samoqalaqo `servi-sebis~ unikalur nakrebs warmoadgens. mTavroba uzrunvelyofs norma-lur infrastruqturas, komunalur servisebs, jandacvasa da usafrTxo-ebas, aseve garemosa da kulturis dacvis RonisZiebebs – esaa Cveuleb-rivi momsaxureba, romelsac axorcielebs nebismieri daniSnulebis adgi-lis nebismieri TviTmmarTveloba imis miuxedavad turistulia es teri-toria, Tu ara. biznes-seqtori uzrunvelyofs ganTavsebas, kvebas, trans-portirebas da atraqcionebs, adgilobrivi moqalaqeebi ki Tavisi yo-veldRiuri cxovrebiT qmnian unikalur da sxva daniSnulebis punqte-bisagan gansxvavebul kulturul garemos. am sami elementis erTob-lioba qmnis swored imas, rasac Cven turistul produqts vuwodebT.

rodesac Cven vlaparakobT mTavrobis politikaze turizmis sfe-roSi, ZiriTadad unda vigulisxmoT dargis ganviTarebis strategiis gansazRvris procedura da am strategiis farglebSi xelT arsebuli xelT arsebuli xelT arsebuli xelT arsebuli sabiujeto resursebis mimarTulebis gansazRvra. rogorc wesi, mTavro-bis politika turizmis sferoSi ar niSnavs raime damatebiTi saxsrebis mozidvas da dargis ganviTarebaze daxarjvas, aramed im safinanso resursebis xarjvis orientirebis Secvlas, romelic am momentisaTvis gaaCnia mTavrobas biujetSi, magaliTad, xarjviT nawilSi teritoriis reklamirebaze garkveuli saxsrebis gamoyofas. amdenad, Cven SegviZlia


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vamtkicoT, rom mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli paralelurad mihyveba sasicocxlo cikls.

naxazi 5 gviCvenebs mTavrobis danaxarjebis odenobas turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi.

nax.5. mTavrobis danaxarjebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSinax.5. mTavrobis danaxarjebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSinax.5. mTavrobis danaxarjebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSinax.5. mTavrobis danaxarjebi sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi

produqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapzeproduqtis SemuSavebis etapze, rogor ukve avRniSneT, mTavroba

iyenebs xelT arsebul finansur resursebs da cvlis maT mimarTulebas turistze orientirebuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mizniT. Tumca, mTavrobis xelT arsebuli resursebi, gamomdinare mocemul terito-riaze ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dabali tempebidan, mcire moculobisaa.

bazarze gatanis etapzebazarze gatanis etapzebazarze gatanis etapzebazarze gatanis etapze turistulis danaxarjebis zrdas Tan axlavs mTavrobis xarjebis gadidebac. CamorCena SeiZleba droSi Zalian umniSvnelo iyos – maqsimum erTi sezoni. biujetSi Sesuli gadasaxade-bis maRali done saSualebas aZlevs turizmis politikis ganmaxorcie-lebel organos ufro meti daxarjos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis kampaniaze, uzrunvelyos sxvadasxva damatebiTi sazogadoebrivi servi-sebi mogzaurTaTvis, magaliTad, sxvadasxva saxis festivalebi.

Cveni analizis dros Segnebulad ar mivaqcieT yuradReba fiska-luri federalizmis sakiTxebs. turistebis mier daxarjuli Tanxebis nawilis gadasaxadis formiT Sesvla centralur, teritoriul Tu adgilobriv biujetSi, gadasaxadis ganawilebis wesi sxvadasxva donis biujetebs Soris, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gadanawileba sxvadasxva teritoriebs Soris da sxva mravali mniSvnelovani sakiTxi sabiujeto finansebis sferodan Cveni analizidan gamovricxeT da aviReT mxolod erTi martivi principi – rac metia ekonomikuri ganviTareba, miT metia gadasaxadebi da miT meti SesaZlebloba aqvs mTavrobas fuli xarjos ama Tu im mimarTulebiT.

zrdzrdzrdzrdis etapiis etapiis etapiis etapi mTavrobas xarjvis ufro met SesaZleblobas aZlevs. turizmis dargSi saxelmwifo politikis ganmaxorcielebel organos saSualeba eZleva bolomde gamoiyenos ekonomikuri zrdis yvela sarge-


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beli da kidev ufro gaadidos sazogadoebrivi da kvazisazogadoebrivi produqtebis miwodebis sidide turistuli produqtis bazrisaTvis.

simwifis etapzesimwifis etapzesimwifis etapzesimwifis etapze mTavrobis danaxarjebi kvlav mihyveba turistul danaxarjebs. am fazaSi turistuli danaxarjebi piks aRwevs, Tumca zrdis tempebi mcirdeba, mTavrobis danaxarjebic igive gzas imeorebs.

kidev erTi daSveba, romelic Cveni analizis dros gvWirdeba aris daSveba adgilobrivi samomxmareblo danaxarjebis ucvlelobis Sesaxeb. ekonomikuri logikis TvalsazrisiT, rac ufro meti fuli trialebs ekonomikur sistemaSi, miT ufro maRalia samomxmareblo xarjebi, rac niSnavs, rom wesiT da kanoniT turistuli danaxarjebis gadidebas Tan unda mihyves adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis mier samomxmareblo xarjebis zrdac. miuxedavad amisa, da iqedan gamomdinare, rom samomxmareblo da-naxarjebi makroekonomikuri Teoriis mier danaxarjTa Soris yvelaze naklebad meryev elementad iTvleba, Cveni analizis zedmetad garTule-bis Tavidan asacileblad, am danaxarjebs konstantad CavTvliT da sa-erTod ar ganvixilavT.

simwifis etaps dacemis etapidacemis etapidacemis etapidacemis etapi mohyveba, romlis drosac mTavroba zustad imas akeTebs, rasac mogzaurebi – amcirebs danaxarjebis ode-nobas. turistuli danaxarjebis odenobis Semcirebas axlavs sabiujeto resursebis Semcirebac, rac TavisTavad iwvevs saxelmwifo danaxarjebis odenobis Sekvecas. mTavrobas uwevs turizmis politikasTan dakav-Sirebuli danaxarjebis yvela tipis Sekveca, dawyebuli teritoriis sareklamo kampaniidan, damTavrebuli infrastruqturuli RonisZiebebiT.

amrigad, yovelive zemoTTqmulidan gamomdinare, ramdenime daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba:

---- daniSnulebis adgili, rogorc turistuli produqti, kerZodaniSnulebis adgili, rogorc turistuli produqti, kerZodaniSnulebis adgili, rogorc turistuli produqti, kerZodaniSnulebis adgili, rogorc turistuli produqti, kerZo biznesis, mTavrobis da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis moqmedebaTa biznesis, mTavrobis da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis moqmedebaTa biznesis, mTavrobis da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis moqmedebaTa biznesis, mTavrobis da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis moqmedebaTa unikalur nazavs warmoadgens;unikalur nazavs warmoadgens;unikalur nazavs warmoadgens;unikalur nazavs warmoadgens;

---- turistuli teritoriis dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis roli ufro turistuli teritoriis dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis roli ufro turistuli teritoriis dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis roli ufro turistuli teritoriis dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis roli ufro metad turizmis dargis ganviTarebis strategiis Seqmnasa da xelT metad turizmis dargis ganviTarebis strategiis Seqmnasa da xelT metad turizmis dargis ganviTarebis strategiis Seqmnasa da xelT metad turizmis dargis ganviTarebis strategiis Seqmnasa da xelT arsebuli sabiujeto resursebis swor mimarTvaarsebuli sabiujeto resursebis swor mimarTvaarsebuli sabiujeto resursebis swor mimarTvaarsebuli sabiujeto resursebis swor mimarTvaSi gamoixateba da ara Si gamoixateba da ara Si gamoixateba da ara Si gamoixateba da ara kolosalur kapitaldabandebebSi;kolosalur kapitaldabandebebSi;kolosalur kapitaldabandebebSi;kolosalur kapitaldabandebebSi;

---- mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni sabiujeto resursic gaaCnia. mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni sabiujeto resursic gaaCnia. mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni sabiujeto resursic gaaCnia. mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni sabiujeto resursic gaaCnia. amdenad mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli turistuli produqtis amdenad mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli turistuli produqtis amdenad mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli turistuli produqtis amdenad mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis paralelurad mimdinareobs, romelic sabiujeto sasicocxlo ciklis paralelurad mimdinareobs, romelic sabiujeto sasicocxlo ciklis paralelurad mimdinareobs, romelic sabiujeto sasicocxlo ciklis paralelurad mimdinareobs, romelic sabiujeto Semosavlebis gaSemosavlebis gaSemosavlebis gaSemosavlebis ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens. nmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens. nmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens. nmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens.

Tavi 4. ciklebis urTierTdamTxvevis Sedegi turistuli Tavi 4. ciklebis urTierTdamTxvevis Sedegi turistuli Tavi 4. ciklebis urTierTdamTxvevis Sedegi turistuli Tavi 4. ciklebis urTierTdamTxvevis Sedegi turistuli

daniSnulebis punqtisaTvisdaniSnulebis punqtisaTvisdaniSnulebis punqtisaTvisdaniSnulebis punqtisaTvis wina sam TavSi Cven movaxdineT sxvadasxva saxis sami mniSvnelovani

danaxarjis dinamikis identificireba: turistuli danaxarjebis, sainves-ticio danaxarjebis da mTavrobis danaxarjebis. droa gavaerTianoT samive maTgani da vnaxoT, ra Sedegi moaqvT maT erTobliobaSi daniSnu-lebis mocemuli punqtisaTvis. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, samomxmareblo danaxarjebi konstantad CavTvaleT da saerTod amoviReT analizidan.

Cven SegviZlia vnaxoT ganxilul danaxarjTa ciklebis moqmedebis Sedegi modelis meSveobiT, romelSic mocemulia cifrobrivi monacemebi turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjTa odenobis Sesaxeb


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sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi da mocemuli iqneba maTi Seja-mebis Sedegebi. aseTi informacia warmodgenilia cxrilSi 1, aseve naxa-zebze 6 da 7.

daniSnulebis punqtSi daxarjuli Tanxebis jamuri moculoba gan-sazRvravs mTliani Sida regionuli produqtis sidides. Tu turistuli, sainvesticio da samTavrobo danaxarjTa erToblioba matulobs, Sesaba-misad matulobs mTliani Sida regionuli produqtis sididec, dana-xarjTa erTobliobis klebas am sididis Semcireba axlavs.

Cveni analizis mizniT mTliani Sida regionuli produqtis sidi-deSi vgulisxmobT mocemul teritoriaze Seqmnili saboloo saqonel-momsaxurebis sabazro Rirebulebas garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. analizis gamartivebis mizniT SegviZlia davuSvaT, rom am danaxarjTa mxolod umniSvnelo nawili gaedineba teritoriis gareT garkveuli saxis Sualeduri produqtebis SeZenis mizniT. rac niSnavs, rom turis-tuli produqtis ZiriTadi nawili swored am teritoriaze iwarmoeba.

cxrili 1. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 1. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 1. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 1. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi

turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSifazaSifazaSifazaSi

sasicocxlo sasicocxlo sasicocxlo sasicocxlo ciklis ciklis ciklis ciklis etapebietapebietapebietapebi

turistuli turistuli turistuli turistuli danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis oooodenoba, denoba, denoba, denoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

sainvesticio sainvesticio sainvesticio sainvesticio danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba odenoba odenoba odenoba sul, mln sul, mln sul, mln sul, mln larilarilarilari

SemuSaveba 30 5 10 45 gatana 60 20 50 130 zrda 180 50 150 380 simwife 240 150 200 590 dacema 150 230 140 520


cxrilSi 1 sasicocxlo ciklis yoveli etapi orjeraa gameo-

rebuli. amiT imis Cveneba gvinda, rom dacemis etaps, romelic tu-ristuli daniSnulebis punqtSi vizitiorTa nakadebis Semcirebas niS-navs, mosdevs SemuSavebis etapi, rodesac turizmis dagegmvaze pasuxis-mgebeli saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi an mravalmxrivi organo kvlav ubrundeba dagegmvis process da cdilobs SesTavazos turistul ba-zars axali tipis produqti, ris Semdegac sasicocxlo cikli, savarau-dod, kvlav Tavidan daiwyeba. cxrilis meore, mesame da meoTxe svetebi aCvenebs, Sesabamisad, turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarj-Ta odenobas ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi. bolo sveti ki fazebis mi-xedviT am danaxarjTa Sejamebas warmoadgens.


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mln larimTavrobis danaxarjebis

odenoba, mln lari

nax.6. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.6. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.6. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.6. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli

daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSidaniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSidaniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSidaniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi naxazze 6 warmodgenili mrudebi Cveni mTavari postulatis naTel

gamoxatulebas warmoadgens. rogorc naxazidan Cans, turistul, sain-vesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjTa ciklebi droSi Zalian mcirediT arian dacilebulni erTmaneTTan. mTavrobis danaxarjTa cikli TiTqmis emTxveva turistul danaxarjTa cikls, xolo sainvesticio cikli erTi faziT agvianebs turistul danaxarjebTan mimarTebaSi.

naxazi 7, romelzec jamur danaxarjTa odenoba aris asaxuli, aCvenebs, Tu ra Sedegi aqvs amgvar xarjvas mocemuli teritoriis ekono-mikisaTvis. Tu naxazs SevxedavT, aRmovaCenT, rom ekonomikuri proce-sebis amgvari ganviTareba warmoSobs mkveTr meryeobebs daniSnulebis adgilis ekonomikaSi.

erTi mxriv, zrdisa da simwifis fazebSi, sadac turistuli, sain-vesticio da mTavrobis gazrdili danaxarjebi erTmaneTs emTxveva, tu-ristuli teritoria masStabur aRmavalobas ganicdis. am situaciaSi fiqsirdeba maRali donis warmoeba, resursebis maRali dasaqmeba da fa-sebis maRali done. mocemuli daniSnulebis punqti, ase vTqvaT, `gada-xurebis~ etapzea. daniSnulebis punqtSi erTdroulad imyofeba mravali vizitiori, maRalia turistuli obieqtebis mSeneblobis tempebi, mTav-roba ki msxvil kapitaldabandebebs axorcielebs infrastruqturaSi, sareklamo kampaniaSi da sxva mimarTulebebiT, romlebic turizmis gan-viTarebasTan arian dakavSirebulni.


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nax.7. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis nax.7. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis nax.7. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis nax.7. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis

sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxvasasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxvasasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxvasasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSifazaSifazaSifazaSi meore mxriv, dacemis, SemuSavebisa da gatanis fazebi xasiaTdeba

turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis Semcirebuli danaxarjebiT, ra-sac turistuli teritoria krizisul mdgomareobamde mihyavs. am situa-ciaSi fiqsirdeba dabali warmoeba, resursebis dausaqmeblobis maRali done da fasebis donis dacema. daniSnulebis punqti krizisis mdgoma-reobaSi imyofeba. minimumamde mcirdeba vizitiorTa odenoba, kerZo investiciebis moculoba da mTavrobis danaxarjTa sidide.

yovelive zemoTqmuli saSualebas gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvna imis Sesaxeb, rom turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjTa cikle-bis urTierTdamTxveva iwvevs teritoriis ganviTarebis meryeobas, rom-lis drosac daniSnulebis punqti xan masStaburi aRmavlobis fazaSi gadadis, xanac Rrma krizisSi vardeba.

Cven rom ganvixilavdeT romelime kerZo kompanias, ciklurobis sa-kiTxi ar dadgeboda. Tu kerZo kompania awarmoebs ara erT, aramed ram-denime produqts, erTi produqtis gadasvla sasicocxlo ciklis da-cemis fazaSi dabalansdeba sxva produqtebiT, romlebic ciklis sxva fazebSi imyovebian, rac uzrunvelyofs sawarmosaTvis normalur Semo-savlebsa da mogebas. aseTive SemTxveva dafiqsirdeboda msxvili turis-tuli centrisaTvis, romelic momxmarebels turistuli produqtebis did mravalferovnebas awodebs da SeuZlia romelime maTganze moTxov-nis Semcireba daabalansos sxva produqtebze moTxovnis zrdiT. magram Cven ZiriTadad ganvixilavT turistul daniSnulebis punqtebs, romel-Tac gaaCniaT erTi-ori ZiriTadi da ramdenime Tanamdevi turistuli produqti. maTTvis aucileblad dadgeba sasicocxlo ciklis dacemis faza, romlis gabalansebasac mocemuli daniSnulebis punqti sxva pro-duqtebiT ver moaxerxebs.

kerZo kompania, romelic mxolod erT produqts uSvebs da sasi-cocxlo ciklis dacemis fazaSi gadadis, SeZlebs `Tavis Svelas~ sxva-dasxva meTodis gamoyenebiT. mas SeuZlia axali produqti SeimuSavos an


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arsebulis saxecvlileba moaxdinos. kerZo kompanias aseve SeuZlia gai-tanos produqti axal bazarze da amiT gaaxangrZlivos misi sicocxle. finansuri resursebis am operaciebisaTvis kerZo kompanias SeuZlia moi-zidos komerciuli bankidan sesxis saxiT, an gamoiyenos sakuTari fi-nansuri resursebi, romlebic daagrova produqtis sicocxlis wina fazaze yofnis dros maRali mogebis dazogvis xarjze.

turistuli teritoria ki ufro SezRudulia amgvari meTodebis arCevanSi. erTi da igive turistuli produqtis axal bazarze gatanis Sansi dRevandel sainformacio samyaroSi Zalian mcirea – savaraudod, daniSnulebis punqti ukve moinaxula yvelam, visac surda misi monaxu-leba, radgan informacia turistuli daniSnulebis punqtebis Sesaxeb internetis da komunikaciis sxva saSualebaTa meSveobiT Zalian farTod vrceldeba mTel msoflioSi.

saeWvoa damatebiTi finansuri resursebis mozidvis perspeqtivac. adgilobrivi biujeti yovelTvis Rebulobs garkveul daxmarebas zemd-gomi biujetidan gamaTanabrebeli transferis saxiT, magram gansakuT-rebuli finansuri mxardaWera konkretuli daniSnulebis adgilisTvis iSviaTi movlenaa da gamonaklisia wesidan.

adgilobriv mTavrobas aseve mcire SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia ses-xis aRebis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc wesi, Sida da gare sesxebis aReba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebisaTvis rTuli administra-ciuli procedurebis gavlas iTxovs da praqtikaSi naklebad aris miRe-buli.

rac Seexeba arsebuli turistuli produqtis saxecvlilebas an axlis Seqmnas, Cven ukve gavakeTeT daskvna, rom mTavrobas am mimarTu-lebiT bevri xarjebis gaweva ar uwevs, radgan axali produqtis Seqmna an arsebulis saxecvlileba Cvens SemTxvevaSi niSnavs strategiis Seqm-na/modernizacias da xelT arsebuli resursebis mimarTulebis cvli-lebas. dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis am mimarTulebiT saqmianoba sruliad ar gvixsnis ekonomikuri meryeobis problemas.

sakuTari saxsrebiT dafinansebis Cvens mier naxsenebi instru-menti aseve rTuli gamosayenebelia, radgan, rogorc ukve avRniSneT, bi-ujetSi Semosuli Tanxa mTlianad ixarjeba mocemul periodSi. sabiu-jeto urTierTobebis swored es ukanaskneli specifikuri Tviseba iwvevs imas, rom mTavrobis danaxarjebi paralelurad mihyveba turistul danaxarjebs da amiT aZlierebs ekonomikur meryeobas.

sabolood, SegviZlia ori daskvna gamovitanoT: ---- turistuli, sainvesticio da mTaturistuli, sainvesticio da mTaturistuli, sainvesticio da mTaturistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebis ciklebis vrobis danaxarjebis ciklebis vrobis danaxarjebis ciklebis vrobis danaxarjebis ciklebis

urTierTdamTxvevas turistuli teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis urTierTdamTxvevas turistuli teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis urTierTdamTxvevas turistuli teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis urTierTdamTxvevas turistuli teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis meryeobisaken mivyavarT, romlis drosac fiqsirdeba an masStaburi meryeobisaken mivyavarT, romlis drosac fiqsirdeba an masStaburi meryeobisaken mivyavarT, romlis drosac fiqsirdeba an masStaburi meryeobisaken mivyavarT, romlis drosac fiqsirdeba an masStaburi aRmavloba, an Rrma dacema.aRmavloba, an Rrma dacema.aRmavloba, an Rrma dacema.aRmavloba, an Rrma dacema.

---- kerZo kompaniebisagan gansxvavebiT, daniSnulebis punqtis kerZo kompaniebisagan gansxvavebiT, daniSnulebis punqtis kerZo kompaniebisagan gansxvavebiT, daniSnulebis punqtis kerZo kompaniebisagan gansxvavebiT, daniSnulebis punqtis mTavrobas ammTavrobas ammTavrobas ammTavrobas amgvari ciklis dabalansebis naklebi SesaZleblobebi gvari ciklis dabalansebis naklebi SesaZleblobebi gvari ciklis dabalansebis naklebi SesaZleblobebi gvari ciklis dabalansebis naklebi SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia.gaaCnia.gaaCnia.gaaCnia.

Tavi 5. ciklebis urTierTgabalansebis gavlena turistuli Tavi 5. ciklebis urTierTgabalansebis gavlena turistuli Tavi 5. ciklebis urTierTgabalansebis gavlena turistuli Tavi 5. ciklebis urTierTgabalansebis gavlena turistuli

daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobazedaniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobazedaniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobazedaniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobaze kvlevis am nawilSi SevecdebiT davasabuToT, rom Tu mTavroba

dagegmavs Tavis biujets ise, rom mTavrobis danaxarjebis piki mouwios


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turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am ukanasknelTa maqsimumamde awevis periodSi minimumamde Semcirdes, maSin turistuli teritoriis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis meryeoba mniSvne-lovanwilad SeiZleba Semcirdes. es niSnavs, rom sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis etapze, rodesac turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis moculoba minimaluria, mTavrobis danaxarjebis sididem maqsimums unda miaRwios. bazarze gatanis da zrdis etapebze, rodesac turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebi gadidebas iwyebs, mTavrobis danaxarjebi Sem-cirebas daiwyebs. simwifis etapze, rodesac turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis odenoba pikis wertilSia an pikTan axlos imyofeba, mTav-robis danaxarjebi minimumamde Semcirdeba. dacemis etapze ki, rodesac turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis odenoba Semcirdeba, am dros mTavrobis danaxarjebi piriqiT, zrdas daiwyebs.

cxrili 2. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 2. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 2. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi cxrili 2. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi

turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrofazaSi mTavrofazaSi mTavrofazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis Semdegbis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis Semdegbis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis Semdegbis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis Semdeg

sasicocxlo sasicocxlo sasicocxlo sasicocxlo ciklis ciklis ciklis ciklis etapebietapebietapebietapebi

turistuli turistuli turistuli turistuli danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

sainvesticio sainvesticio sainvesticio sainvesticio danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis mTavrobis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, odenoba, mln larimln larimln larimln lari

danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis danaxarjebis odenoba odenoba odenoba odenoba sul, mln sul, mln sul, mln sul, mln larilarilarilari


SemuSaveba 30 5 200 235 gatana 60 20 140 220 zrda 180 50 10 240 simwife 240 150 50 440 dacema 150 230 150 530 zemoTqmuli niSnavs imas, rom sasicocxlo ciklis yovel etapze

turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis erTi mimarTulebiT cvli-leba dabalansdeba mTavrobis danaxarjebis meore mimarTulebiT cvli-lebiT. es procesi asaxuli cxrilSi 2, aseve naxazebze 8 da 9.

rogorc Cans naxazze 8, mTavrobis danaxarjebis cikli droSi gansxvavdeba turistuli danaxarjebisa da sainvesticio ciklebisagan. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebis maqsimumi da mi-nimumi erTi da igive periodSi ar fiqsirdeba. Sesabamisad, drois erT momentSi ar fiqsirdeba Zalian maRali ekonomikuri aqtiuroba, xolo drois meore momentSi ekonomikuri aqtiurobis mkveTri dacema. Tavis-Tavad cxadia, amgvari situacia aacilebs Tavidan daniSnulebis adgils erTi mxriv, inflaciur zewolas da resursebis deficits, meore mxriv, fasebis donis dacemas da umuSevrobis maRal dones.


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mln larisainvesticio


mln larimTavrobis danaxarjebis

odenoba, mln lari

nax.8. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.8. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.8. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli nax.8. turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebi turistuli

daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis SemdegmTavrobis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis SemdegmTavrobis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis SemdegmTavrobis danaxarjTa periodulobis cvlilebis Semdeg

naxazi 9 aCvenebs turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxar-

jebis jamur meryeobas im situaciisaTvis, rodesac mTavrobis danaxar-jebis cikliT xdeba turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis ciklTa dabalanseba. Tu SevadarebT am naxazs wina TavSi ganxilul naxazs 7, SegviZlia vnaxoT gansxvaveba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis meryeobaSi. mTav-robis danaxarjTa droSi gadanacvlebis Sedegad ekonomikuri ganviTa-rebis meryeobis xarisxi bevrad ufro mcire gaxda. Tu pirvel SemT-xvevaSi danaxarjebis maqsimumi Seadgenda 590 mln, xolo minimumi 45 mln lars, (sxvaoba 545 mln laris odenobiT), meore SemTxvevaSi danaxar-jebis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba Camovarda 530 mln laramde, minimalurma ki aiwia 220 mln laramde (maT Soris sxvaobam 310 mln lari. es niSnavs, rom mTavrobis danaxarjebis droSi gadanacvleba ekonomikuri meryeo-bis Semcirebis Cvens mier dasmul amocanas warmatebiT umklavdeba.

axla mxolod imis garkveva dagvrCa, rogor unda moxdes amgvari gadanacvleba. yvelaze martiv da logikur gzas proficituri da defi-cituri biujetebis dagegmva da Sesruleba warmoadgens. es instrumenti cnobilia grZelvadian periodSigrZelvadian periodSigrZelvadian periodSigrZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujetisdabalansebuli biujetisdabalansebuli biujetisdabalansebuli biujetis saxelwo-debiT, romlis mTavari idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aRmavlobis etapze mTavroba agrovebs gadasaxadebis saxiT Semosuli finansuri resursebis garkveul nawils rezervis formiT, xolo dacemis etapze am rezervis xarjvas iwyebs.


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sul, mln lari

naxnaxnaxnax.9. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis .9. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis .9. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis .9. jamuri danaxarjebi turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa sasicocxlo ciklis sxvadasxva fazaSi mTavrobis danaxarjTa

periodulobis cvlilebis Semdegperiodulobis cvlilebis Semdegperiodulobis cvlilebis Semdegperiodulobis cvlilebis Semdeg Tu mocemul instruments ufro detalurad ganvixilavT, SeiZleba

vTqvaT, rom turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis etapebze, rodesac turistuli danaxarjebi mzardi bunebiT xa-siaTdebian, mTavrobas SeuZlia dagegmos proficituri biujeti. e.i. gaakeTos maRali sabiujeto Semosavlebis da mcire sabiujeto danaxar-jebis gegma, wlis ganmavlobaSi ki, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Secvalos mxolod sabiujeto Semosavlebis gegma, Tu gadasaxadebis Semodineba navaraudevze maRali tempiT moxda, xolo sabiujeto danaxarjebis ode-noba igive datovos. amgvari biujeti finansuri resursebis akumuli-rebis saSualebas iZleva. meore mxriv, proficituri biujeti aferxebs ekonomikuri `gadaxurebis~ process da teritoriaze resursebis defi-citisa da inflaciuri zewolis damabrkolebel faqtors warmoadgens.

rac Seexeba turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis dacemis, saqonlis SemuSavebisa da bazarze gatanis etapebs, am SemTxvevaSi tu-ristuli danaxarjebi klebas iwyeben an minimums Seadgenen, ris pasuxa-dac mTavrobas SeuZlia dagegmos deficituri biujeti. e.i. gaakeTos da-bali sabiujeto Semosavlebis da maRali sabiujeto danaxarjebis gegma. deficitis sidide ki Seavsos zrdisa da simwifis etapebze proficitur biujetSi akumulirebuli finansuri resursebiT. amgvari biujetis meS-veobiT adre agrovebuli finansuri resursebis akumulirebis saSua-lebas iZleva. meore mxriv, deficituri biujeti aferxebs ekonomikuri dacemis process da teritoriaze resursebis dasaqmebis stimulirebis faqtors warmoadgens.

grZlevadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujeti sakmaod efeqtiani instrumentia daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcirebi-saTvis, amave dros, arsebobs garkveuli dabrkolebebi, romlebic am instrumentis gamoyenebas aferxeben. grZlevadian periodSi dabalanse-buli biujetis gamoyenebis mTavari problema aris mTavrobis ukve gan-


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xiluli midrekileba mocemul sabiujeto wels xarjos yvelaferi, rac biujetSi Semova.

ganvixiloT meore instrumenti, romelic igive logikazea agebuli, Tumca misi ganxorcielebis meqanizmi odnav gansxvavebulia. es inst-rumenti teritoriis ganviTarebis fondisteritoriis ganviTarebis fondisteritoriis ganviTarebis fondisteritoriis ganviTarebis fondis Seqmnas gulisxmobs. amgvar fondSi SesaZlebeli iqneboda zrdisa da simwifis etapebze sabiujeto saxsrebis akumulireba, xolo dacemis etapis dawyebisas maTi gaxarjva.

grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujetis instrumentisagan gansxvavebiT, roca sabiujeto xarjebis gaweva-argawevis sakiTxi ekono-mikurTan erTad politikur gadawyvetilebasac niSnavs, mocemuli fon-dis resursebis gankargva SeiZleba gadaeces direqtorTa Sereul sab-Wos, romlis SemadgenlobaSic, garda Cinovnikebisa, Sevlen adgilobrivi biznes-seqtoris, arasamTavrobo seqtoris, masmediis, sazogadoebis war-momadgenlebi. gamodis, rom sabiujeto resursebis gankargva adgilob-rivi TviTmmarTvelobis sakanonmdeblo organos ki ara, sazogadoebrivi gadawyvetilebis Sedegad moxdeba. Tumca mainc rCeba mocemuli fondis garkveuli monopolistur-safinanso dajgufebis gavlenis qveS moqcevis safrTxe, rac migviyvans fondis resursebis am jgufis sasargeblod gamoyenebis SesaZleblobamde.

meore mxriv, Tu amgvari safrTxe Tavidan iqneba acilebuli, teri-toriis ganviTarebis fondidan saxsrebis daxarjva ufro morgebuli iqneba am teritoriaze arsebul biznes, garemosdacviT, kulturisda-cviT, socialur dajgufebaTa miznebs, da amdenad xarjebis gawevis uf-ro efeqtur instruments warmoadgens. mocemul fondSi akumulirebuli saxsrebi SeiZleba dabandebul iqnes sxvadasxva mokle an saSualovadian finansur aqtivebSi, rac damatebiTi finansuri resursebis miRebis sa-Sualebas iZleva.

rogorc vxedavT, teritoriis ganviTarebis fondi Tavisi arsiT waagavs grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujetis meqanizms, Tum-ca am meqanizmisagan gansxvavebuli specifika da safrTxeebi gaaCnia.

Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli mesame meqanizmis arsi obligaciebiobligaciebiobligaciebiobligaciebis s s s gamoSvebaSigamoSvebaSigamoSvebaSigamoSvebaSi mdgomareobs. Tu wina ori meqanizmi sasicocxlo ciklis garkveul etapebze biujetSi Sesuli finansuri resursebis akumulire-bas da sxva etapebze xarjvas gulisxmobs, saxelmwifo fasiani qaRal-debis gamoSveba saojaxo meurneobaTa da samewarmeo seqtoris danaxarj-Ta struqturas cvlis.

zeviT ukve avRniSneT, rom fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSveba mTel rig formalobebTan da procedurebTanaa dakavSirebuli, risTvisac SeiZle-ba sulac ar iyos mzad daniSnulebis punqtis TviTmmarTveloba. Tu am sirTuleebisagan abstrahirebas movaxdenT da CavTvliT, rom adgilob-riv TviTmmarTvelobas SeuZlia daainteresos samoqalaqo da biznes-seqtori am qaRaldebSi dabandebiT, maSin SegveZleba yuradRebis gada-tana ekonomikur sistemaze am instrumentis gavlenis analizze.

mocemuli meqanizmis moqmedebis principi martivia. rodesac da-niSnulebis punqti sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi im-yofeba, mTavroba iwyebs obligaciebis gamoSvebas da wyvets mas, ro-desac dacemis faza iwyeba. SemuSavebisa da bazarze gatanis etapebze ki obligaciis ZiriTad Tanxasa da vals faravs.

rodesac mTavroba mihyidis obligaciebs samoqalaqo da biznes-seqtoris warmomadgenlebs, es gamoiwvevs mTavrobaSi saojaxo meurneo-


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bebisa da kompaniebis Semosavlebis garkveuli nawilis akumulirebas, rac niSnavs imas, rom es nawili ver gamova ekonomikur sistemaSi sa-momxmareblo da sainvesticio danaxarjebis formiT. am moqmedebiT mTav-roba Seamcirebs mTliani danaxarjebis odenobas sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis etapebze, riTac garkveulwilad daicavs adgilob-riv ekonomikur sistemas resursebis deficitisa da inflaciuri dat-virTvisagan.

meore mxriv, rodesac dacemis, SemuSavebisa da bazarze gatanis etapebze mTavroba obligaciebis dafarvas iwyebs, saojaxo meurneobebsa da kompaniebs ubrundebaT finansuri resursebi sargebelTan erTad, rac savaraudod aisaxeba gazrdil samomxmarebelo da sainvesticio dana-xarjebSi. es nabiji ki dacemis momentSi mTliani danaxarjebis garkve-ul gadidebas da Sesabamisad, ekonomikuri meryeobis ciklis Serbile-bas niSnavs.

mocemul instrumentTan dakavSirebiT aseve SeiZleba kritikuli SeniSvnis gakeTeba. ar arsebobs imis garantia, rom dacemis momentSi mTavrobis mier dabrunebul fuls moqalaqeebi da kompaniebi ekonomikur sistemaSi gamouSveben. rogorc cnobilia makroekonomikuri Teoriidan, dacemis momentSi saojaxo meurneobebi, nacvlad imisa, rom meti xarjon da amiT ekonomikis mdgomareoba gaasworon, piriqiT iqcevian da ufro meti dacemis SiSiT ufro mets zogaven. rogorc viciT, saojaxo meur-neobaTa amgvari qceva `momWirneobis paradoqsis~ saxeliT aris cnobili. igive exeba kompaniebs, romlebic ekonomikuri dacemis Semyure uars ity-vian sainvesticio RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaze. martivad rom vTqvaT, arsebobs didi safrTxe imisa, rom dacemis momentSi mTavrobis mier ojaxebisa da kompaniebisaTvis dabrunebuli fuli baliSebSi iqneba Se-naxuli.

sad waiRebs mTavroba obligaciebis gayidviT miRebul Tanxas? praqtikulad mTavroba Tavisi moqalaqeebisagan sesxs iRebs, romelic sargebliT unda daabrunos. kerZo kompaniebi sesxs iReben imisaTvis, rom investiciebi ganaxorcielon, miiRon Semosavali, romelic saSuale-bas miscems dafaron sesxis ZiriTadi Tanxa plius sargebeli da moge-bac darCeT. magram mTavroba obligaciebs uSvebs imisaTvis, rom mosax-leobas da samewarmeo seqtors Sesabamisad samomxmareblo da sainves-ticio xarjebi Seamcirebinos. Tanxis akumulireba imitom ki ar xdeba, rom, magaliTisaTvis, mTavrobas raRac gansakuTrebuli infrastruqtu-ruli proeqti aqvs gansaxorcielebeli, romelic momavalSi Zalian did sargebels moitans da saSualebas miscems mTavrobas Semdeg es sesxi sargebliT daabrunos, aramed ubralod imisaTvis, rom cota xniT Sei-naxos fuli da dacemis periodSi isev ukan misces moqalaqeebs da mewarmeebs, raTa maT es fuli ekonomikaSi daatrialon. mTavrobas SeuZ-lia airCios akumulirebuli fulis `Senaxvis~ Semdegi gzebi: a) ubra-lod gaaCeros es Tanxebi angariSze da Tavi Seikavos maT daxarjvi-sagan; b) gadasces es Tanxebi teritoriis ganviTarebis fonds; g) Seas-rulos ormxrivi fondis roli da moaxdinos am saxsrebis investireba garkveuli saxis fasian qaRaldebSi, rac mas saSualebas miscems ukan miiRos rogorc ZiriTadi Tanxa, ise garkveuli sargebelic da amiT dafaros sakuTari obligaciebi.

mTavroba agrovebs fuls obligaciebis gayidvis gziT, rodesac teritoriis ekonomika aRmavlobis etapze imyofeba, amave dros mTavro-


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bas uwevs obligaciebis dafarva sargebliT maSin, rodesac terito-riaze dacema iwyeba da Sesabamisad adgilobrivi biujetis finansuri SesaZleblobebi mcirdeba. Tu mTavroba obligaciebis gayidvidan Semo-sul Tanxebs ucvlelad Seinaxavs, mas mouwevs sargeblis odenobis Tanxis gamoZebna ekonomikuri dacemisa da sabiujeto deficitis gadi-debis pirobebSi.

Tu mTavroba agrovebuli fulis xarjvas daiwyebs raime saxis proeqtebSi maSinve, roca es fuli moagrova, maSin obligaciebis gayidva aRar emsaxureba ekonomikuri meryeobis Semcirebis problemis gadaWras – mTavroba iRebs fuls ekonomikidan da Tavad iwyebs mis xarjvas.

optimaluri gamosavali am situaciaSi akumulirebuli resursebis finansur aqtivebSi dabandeba rCeba. mTavrobas SeuZlia obligaciebis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavlebi safinanso bazarze daabandos sxva sa-xis finansur aqtivebSi, romlebic riskis dabali xarisxiT da iseTive sargeblis ganakveTiT xasiaTdebian, rogoriTac Cveni finansuri inst-rumentebi. amdenad, sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis etapebze mTavroba arbilebs inflaciur zewolasa da resursebis deficitis problemas obligaciebis gayidvis gziT fulis akumulirebiT, Semdeg am fuls abandebs igive tipis fasian qaRaldebSi Sida an saerTaSoriso finansur bazarze, xolo sasicocxlo ciklis dacemis, SemuSavebisa da bazarze gatanis etapebze am fasiani qaRaldebidan miRebuli resurse-biT faravs sakuTar valdebulebebs obligaciebze da amiT axorcielebs fuladi resursebis ineqcias krizisul ekonomikaSi mTliani moTxovnis mxardasaWerad da resursebis dausaqmeblobis Sesarbileblad.

rogorc Cans, obligaciebis gayidva, wina ori instrumentis msgav-sad bevr teqnikur Tu ekonomikur sirTulesTanaa dakavSirebuli, ramac misi efeqturoba SeiZleba Seasustos.

Semdegi instrumenti infrastruqturuli mosakreblisinfrastruqturuli mosakreblisinfrastruqturuli mosakreblisinfrastruqturuli mosakreblis dawesebas gulisxmobs. misi logika imaSi mdgomareobs, rom turistuli daniSnu-lebis adgilis teritoriaze moqmedi samewarmeo seqtoris warmomadgen-lebi ixdian garkveul gadasaxads, romelic xmardeba am teritoriis infrastruqturis Seqmnasa da movla-patronobas.

fasiani qaRaldebis instrumentisagan gansxvavebiT, roca mTavroba ubralod yidda obligaciebs, xolo potenciuri investorebisaTvis ver asabuTebda, Tu raSi gamoiyenebda am Tanxebs, infrastruqturis mosak-reblis dadgenis dros Cinovnikebi gadasaxadis gadamxdelebis winaSe warmoadgenen RonisZiebaTa proeqts, romliTac adastureben amgvari ga-dasaxadis dawesebis aucileblobas da efeqtianobas. amasTan, maT uCnde-baT valdebuleba sazogadoebis winaSe, waradginon angariSi am Tanxebis xarjvisa da miRebuli Sedegis Taobaze.

teritoriis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis etapze mTavrobas SeuZlia gazardos infrastruq-turis mosakreblis ganakveTebi da didi moculobis Tanxa amoiRos biz-nes-seqtoridan. meore mxriv, dacemis, SemuSavebisa da bazarze gatanis etapzebze mTavrobas SeuZlia minimumamde daiyvanos, an sulac gaauqmos infrastruqturis mosakrebeli da wina or etapze agrovebuli fulis xarjva daiwyos gacxadebul infrastruqturul proeqtebze.

infrastruqturis mosakrebeli Tavisi moqmedebis principiT waa-gavs obligaciebis gayidvas. am SemTxvevaSic mTavroba amoiRebs same-warmeo seqtoridan garkveuli raodenobis Tanxebs, riTac amcirebs maT


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sainvesticio SesaZleblobebs da amiT arbilebs inflaciur zewolas sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis etapebze. meore mxriv, dacemis periodSi mTavroba am fulis daxarjviT xels Seuwyobs erTobliv da-naxarjebs da Seamcirebs kriziss daniSnulebis mocemul punqtSi.

Tumca am instrumentis kritikac SeiZleba. adamianebi xedaven, rom mTavroba krebs gadasaxads, magram ver xedaven, rom es gadasaxadi ixar-jeba. mTavrobas mouwevs Tavisi saqcielis axsna samoqalaqo sazogado-ebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, Tu ratom agrovebs igi Tanxebs biujetSi, xarjviT ki ar xarjavs da dacemis momentis dawyebas ucdis. sazoga-doebrivi zewola SeiZleba gaxdes erT-erTi sakvanZo mizezi imisaTvis, rom adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebma ar daucadon dacemis dawyebas da mokrebili fulis xarjva maSinve daiwyon. rac mosakreblis ekonomikur logikas nulamde daiyvans. rogorc Cans, infrastruqturuli mosakrebeli, pozitiur mxareebTan erTad negatiur elementebsac Seicavs.

modiT, gavaerTianoT am TavSi ganxorcielebuli analizis Sede-gebi ramdenime daskvnaSi:

---- Tu mTavrobis danaxarjebi dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli Tu mTavrobis danaxarjebi dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli Tu mTavrobis danaxarjebi dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli Tu mTavrobis danaxarjebi dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli iqneba ise, rom am danaxarjTa piki mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio iqneba ise, rom am danaxarjTa piki mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio iqneba ise, rom am danaxarjTa piki mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio iqneba ise, rom am danaxarjTa piki mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am danaxarjTa minimumi mouwevs danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am danaxarjTa minimumi mouwevs danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am danaxarjTa minimumi mouwevs danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am danaxarjTa minimumi mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis pikis momentSi, teritorturistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis pikis momentSi, teritorturistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis pikis momentSi, teritorturistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis pikis momentSi, teritoriis iis iis iis ekonomikuri meryeobis masStabebi Semcirdeba;ekonomikuri meryeobis masStabebi Semcirdeba;ekonomikuri meryeobis masStabebi Semcirdeba;ekonomikuri meryeobis masStabebi Semcirdeba;

---- sasicocxlo ciklis msvlelobisas sakuTari danaxarjebis sasicocxlo ciklis msvlelobisas sakuTari danaxarjebis sasicocxlo ciklis msvlelobisas sakuTari danaxarjebis sasicocxlo ciklis msvlelobisas sakuTari danaxarjebis periodulobis cvlilebisaTvis mTavrobas SeuZlia sxvadasxva periodulobis cvlilebisaTvis mTavrobas SeuZlia sxvadasxva periodulobis cvlilebisaTvis mTavrobas SeuZlia sxvadasxva periodulobis cvlilebisaTvis mTavrobas SeuZlia sxvadasxva instrumentebi gamoiyenos: grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli instrumentebi gamoiyenos: grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli instrumentebi gamoiyenos: grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli instrumentebi gamoiyenos: grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujeti; teritoriis ganviTarebis fbiujeti; teritoriis ganviTarebis fbiujeti; teritoriis ganviTarebis fbiujeti; teritoriis ganviTarebis fondi; saxelmwifo obligaciebi; ondi; saxelmwifo obligaciebi; ondi; saxelmwifo obligaciebi; ondi; saxelmwifo obligaciebi; infrastruqturis mosakrebeli. yoveli maTganis meSveobiT SesaZinfrastruqturis mosakrebeli. yoveli maTganis meSveobiT SesaZinfrastruqturis mosakrebeli. yoveli maTganis meSveobiT SesaZinfrastruqturis mosakrebeli. yoveli maTganis meSveobiT SesaZ----lebelia sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi garkveuli lebelia sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi garkveuli lebelia sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi garkveuli lebelia sasicocxlo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi garkveuli Tanxebis akumulacia biujetSi inflaciuri zewolisa da resursebis Tanxebis akumulacia biujetSi inflaciuri zewolisa da resursebis Tanxebis akumulacia biujetSi inflaciuri zewolisa da resursebis Tanxebis akumulacia biujetSi inflaciuri zewolisa da resursebis deficitis Semcirebis mizniT, xolo dacemideficitis Semcirebis mizniT, xolo dacemideficitis Semcirebis mizniT, xolo dacemideficitis Semcirebis mizniT, xolo dacemis periodSi am Tanxebis s periodSi am Tanxebis s periodSi am Tanxebis s periodSi am Tanxebis ekonomikur sistemaSi dabruneba resursebis dausaqmeblobis problemis ekonomikur sistemaSi dabruneba resursebis dausaqmeblobis problemis ekonomikur sistemaSi dabruneba resursebis dausaqmeblobis problemis ekonomikur sistemaSi dabruneba resursebis dausaqmeblobis problemis SerbilebisaTvis. yovel instruments, dadebiT mxareebTan erTad SerbilebisaTvis. yovel instruments, dadebiT mxareebTan erTad SerbilebisaTvis. yovel instruments, dadebiT mxareebTan erTad SerbilebisaTvis. yovel instruments, dadebiT mxareebTan erTad naklovanebebic gaaCnia.naklovanebebic gaaCnia.naklovanebebic gaaCnia.naklovanebebic gaaCnia.

Tavi 6. daskvnebiTavi 6. daskvnebiTavi 6. daskvnebiTavi 6. daskvnebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebulma analizma Semdegi daskvnebis gake-

Tebis SesaZlebloba mogvca: - nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis punqti SeiZleba ganxilul

iqnes, rogorc erTiani turistuli produqti, romelsac sxva produq-tebis msgavsad, sakuTari sasicocxlo cikli gaaCnia;

- turistuli teritoria gadis sasicocxlo ciklis SemuSavebis, bazarze gatanis, zrdis, simwifisa da dacemis fazebs, romlis drosac icvleba vizitiorTa nakadebisa da turistuli danaxarjebis moculoba;

- Tanamedrove globaluri tendenciebi uzrunvelyofs imas, rom nebismieri turistuli daniSnulebis adgili garkveul etapze gadadis dacemis fazaSi.

- turistul produqtSi investirebas cikluri xasiaTi gaaCnia, xolo Tavad investorebi adapturi molodinis Teoriis postulatebis Sesabamisad moqmedeben, rac niSnavs, rom sainvesticio cikli droSi


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CamorCeba regionis, rogorc turistuli produqtis sasicocxlo cikls. es niSnavs, rom investiciebi zrdas iwyebs dagvianebiT sasicocxlo ciklis zrdis fazebTan mimarTebaSi. kapitaldabandebaTa kleba aseve iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca turistuli produqti ukve gadasulia dacemis fazaSi.

- sasicocxlo da sainvesticio ciklebis daumTxvevloba turis-tul bazarze iwvevs gansxvavebebs moTxovnisa da miwodebis sidideebs Soris, rasac mivyavarT deficitisa da fasebis zrdisaken an siWarbisa da fasebis klebisaken.

- daniSnulebis punqti, rogorc turistuli produqti, kerZo biz-nesis, mTavrobis da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis moqmedebaTa unikalur nazavs warmoadgens;

- turistuli teritoriis dagegmvis etapze mTavrobis roli ufro metad turizmis dargis ganviTarebis strategiis Seqmnasa da xelT arsebuli sabiujeto resursebis swor mimarTvaSi gamoixateba da ara kolosalur kapitaldabandebebSi;

- mTavroba xarjavs imdens, ramdeni sabiujeto resursic gaaCnia. amdenad mTavrobis turizmis politikis cikli turistuli produqti sasicocxlo ciklis paralelurad mimdinareobs, romelic sabiujeto Semosavlebis ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens.

- turistuli, sainvesticio da mTavrobis danaxarjebis ciklebis urTierTdamTxvevas turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ekonomikuri gan-viTarebis meryeobisaken mivyavarT, romlis drosac fiqsirdeba an masS-taburi aRmavloba, an Rrma dacema.

- kerZo kompaniebisagan gansxvavebiT, daniSnulebis punqtis mTav-robas amgvari ciklis dabalansebis naklebi SesaZleblobebi gaaCnia.

- Tu mTavrobis danaxarjebi dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli iqneba ise, rom am danaxarjTa piki mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis dacemis momentSi, xolo am danaxarjTa minimumi mouwevs turistuli da sainvesticio danaxarjebis pikis momentSi, teritoriis ekonomikuri meryeobis masStabebi Semcirebuli iqneba;

- sasicocxlo ciklis msvlelobisas sakuTari danaxarjebis periodulobis cvlilebisaTvis mTavrobas SeuZlia sxvadasxva instru-mentebi gamoiyenos: grZelvadian periodSi dabalansebuli biujeti; teritoriis ganviTarebis fondi; saxelmwifo obligaciebi; infrastruq-turis mosakrebeli. yoveli maTganis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia sasicocx-lo ciklis zrdisa da simwifis fazaSi garkveuli Tanxebis akumulacia biujetSi inflaciuri zewolisa da resursebis deficitis Semcirebis mizniT, xolo dacemis periodSi am Tanxebis ekonomikur sistemaSi dabruneba resursebis dausaqmeblobis problemis SerbilebisaTvis. yo-vel instruments, dadebiT mxareebTan erTad naklovanebebic gaaCnia.

gamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literaturagamoyenebuli literatura

1. Akama J.S., Kieti D. Tourism and Socio-economic Development in Developing

Countries: A Case Study of Mombasa Resort in Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Vol.15, No.6, pp.735-748, 2007.

2. Awang K.W., Hassan W.M.W., Zahari M.S.M., Tourism Development: A Geographical Perspective. Asian Social Science. Vol.5. No.5, pp.67-76, 2009.


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3. Butler R. The Concept of a Tourism Area Life Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer. 24(1), pp.5-12, 1980.

4. Butler R. Tourism in the Future: Cycles, Waves or Wheels? Futures 41(2009), pp.346-352, 2009.

5. Butler R. Sustainability or Stagnation? Limits on Development in Tourist Destinations. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation. Vol.1, Issue 1, pp.10-23, 2010.

6. Butler R. Tourism Area Life Cycle. Contemporary Tourism Rewievs. pp.1-33, 2011. 7. Baum T. Taking the Exit Route: Extending the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model.

Current Issues in Tourism. Vol.1, No.2, pp.167-175, 1998. 8. Coelho J., Butler R. The tourism Area Life Cycle. A Quantitative Approach of the

Tourism Area Life Cycle. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation. Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp.9-31, 2012.

9. Cole S. Beyond the Resort Life Cycle: The Micro-Dynamics of Destination Tourism. Special Section: Tourism and Regional Science JPAR 37(3), pp.266-278, 2007.

10. Cole S. Synergy and Congestion in the Tourist Destination Life Cycle. Tourism Management, Vol.33, Issue 5, pp.1128-1140. 2012

11. Dimoska T. Sustainable Tourism Development as a Tool for Eliminating Powerty. Facta Universitatis. Series: Economics and Organization. Vol.5, No.2, pp.173-178, 2008.

12. Garay L., Canoves G. Life Cycles, Stages and Tourism History. The Catalonia (Spain) Experience. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol.38. No.2, pp.651-671, 2011.

13. Getz D. Tourism Planning and Destination Life Cycle. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.19, pp.752-770, 1992.

14. Golembski G., Nawrot L., Olszewski M., Zmyslony P. Investment Decisions in the Early Stages of the Tourism Area Life Cycle. Tourism. Original Scientific Paper. Vol.58 N4, pp.361-377, 2010.

15. Hovinen G.R. Revisiting the Destination Lifecycle Model. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.29, No.1, pp.209-230, 2002.

16. Irandu E.M. The Role of Tourism in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Kenya. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. Vol.9. No.2, pp.133-150, 2004.

17. Jones S. The Economic Contribution of Tourism in Mozambique: Insights from a Social Accounting Matrix. Development Southern Africa Vol.27, No.5, pp.679-696, 2010.

18. Kamat S.B. Destination Life Cycle and Assessment – A Study of Goa Tourism Industry. South Asian Journal of Tourism and heritage. Vol.3, No.2, pp.139-148, 2010.

19. Kruja D., Lufi M., Kruja I. The Role of Tourism in Developing Countries. The Case of Albania. European Scientific Journal. September Edition. Vol.8. No.19, pp.129-141, 2011.

20. Marzuki A. Resident Attitudes Towards Impacts from Tourism Development in Langkawi Islands, Malaysia. World Applied Sciences Journal 12 (Special Issue of Tourism and hospitality), pp.25-34, 2011.

21. Monisola T.A. Harnessing Tourism Potentials for Sustainable Developmen: a Case of Owu Water Falls in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. Vol.14, No.1, pp.119-133, 2012.

22. Muhanna E. Tourism Development Strategies and Poverty Elimination. Problems and Perspectives in Management. Vol.5, No.1, pp.37-49, 2007.

23. Samini A.J., Sadeghi S., Sadeghi S. Tourism and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: P-VAR Approach. Middle-EastJournal of Scientific Research 10(1), pp.28-32, 2011.


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24. Williams M.T. An Expansion of the Tourism Site Cycle Model: The Case of Minorca (Spain). The Journal of Tourism Studyes. Vol 4. No.2, pp.24-32, 1993.

25. Wray M. Policy Communities, Networks and Issue Cycles in Tourism Destination Systems. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Vol.17, No.6, pp.673-690, 2009.

paata Caganavapaata Caganavapaata Caganavapaata Caganava ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidati

turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcireba turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcireba turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcireba turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis ganviTarebis meryeobis Semcireba ciklebis urTierTdabalansebis safuZvelzeciklebis urTierTdabalansebis safuZvelzeciklebis urTierTdabalansebis safuZvelzeciklebis urTierTdabalansebis safuZvelze


statiaSi ganxorcielebulia turistuli daniSnulebis punqtis sasicocxlo ciklis analizi, romelic moicavs turistuli, kerZo sain-vesticio da saxelmwifo danaxarjebis dinamikisa da urTierTdamokide-bulebis ganxilvas.

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom turistuli, kerZo sainvesticio da saxelmwifo danaxarjTa ciklebis damTxveva iwvevs turistuli da-niSnulebis punqtis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mkveTr meryeobas.

statiaSi SemoTavazebulia daniSnulebis punqtis ekonomikuri gan-viTarebis meryeobis Semcirebis meqanizmi saxelmwifo xarjebis meSveo-biT turistuli da kerZo sainvesticio danaxarjebis dabalansebis gziT, aRwerilia zogierTi instrumenti, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes am mizniT.

Паата Чаганава

Кандидат экономических наук

СОКРАЩЕНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПУНКТА НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННЫХ ЦИКЛОВ

Резюме В статье осуществлен анализ жизненного цикла туристического пункта назна-

чения, который включает рассмотрение динамики и взаимозависимости туристических, частных инвестиционных и государственных затрат.

В результате исследования было выявлено, что совпадение циклов туристических, частных инвестиционных и государственных затрат вызывает острые колебания в экономическом развитии туристического пункта назначения.

В статье предложен механизм сокращения колебаний в экономическом развитии пункта назначения путем сбалансирования туристических и частных инвестиционных затрат государственными затратами и описаны некоторые инструменты для этой цели.


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Paata Chaganava Ph.D. in Economic Science

REDUCING FLUCTUATIONS IN TOURISM DESTINATION DEVELO PMENT ON

THE BASIS OF BALANCED CYCLES Summary

The article contains analyze of Tourism area life cycle, which covers the dynamics and

relationships of touristic, private investment and government expenditures. As it appeared during research, coincidence of touristic, private investment and

government expenditure cycles leads to the sharp fluctuations of tourism destination economic development.

The article suggests the mechanism of reducing the fluctuation of economic development of a destination on the basis of balancing the touristic and private investment expenditure cycles by government expenditure cycle and describes a number of instruments for this purpose.


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saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso saerTaSoriso vaWrobavaWrobavaWrobavaWroba

vasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvili socialur mecnierebaTa doqtori ekonomikaSi

Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis asistent-profesori

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizacia

saerTaSoriso vaWroba aris saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTo-bebis, globalizaciis uZvelesi da umniSvnelovanesi forma.4 igi ar-

sebobda msoflio meurneobis formirebamde jer kidev didi xniT adre da warmoadgenda mis uSualo winamorbeds.5 cnobilia, rom saqonel-

warmoebis, saqonelmimoqcevisa da sagareo vaWrobis Canasaxebi ukve ar-

sebobda monaTmflobelur wyobaSi. Tumca yvela kapitalisturamdel formaciaSi naturaluri meurneobis siWarbis gamo saerTaSoriso gacv-

laSi monawileobda produqciis mxolod umniSvnelo raodenoba. sasa-

qonlo warmoebisa da sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebam mZlavri biZgi misca saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ganviTarebas, rogorc saqonelmimoqcevis gansakuTrebul sferos erovnul meurneobebs Soris.6 gasul saukuneSi man SeiZina ekonomikuri, socialuri da politikuri mniSvneloba.7

dRes saerTaSoriso vaWroba warmoadgens centralur rgols msof-

lio sameurneo kavSirebis rTul sistemaSi. igi axdens msoflios qvey-

nebis erTian saerTaSoriso ekonomikur sistemaSi dakavSirebas. Tana-medrove pirobebSi saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi monawileobs msoflio meurneobis yvela subieqti. mas safuZvlad udevs Sromis saerTaSoriso danawileba. warmoebis saerTaSoriso specializaciis ganviTareba da zemoT naxsenebi Sromis danawileba warmoSobs saerTaSoriso vaWrobis mravalgvar formas da mimarTulebas. masze Zlier zemoqmedebas axdens mecnierul-teqnikuri revolucia, sawarmoo ZalTa yvela elementis daCqarebuli xarisxobrivi gardaqmna, da geografiul da saqonlur struqturaSi msoflio sasaqonlo nakadebis Zvrebi. industrializacia, transportis gaumjobeseba, globalizacia, multinacionaluri korpo-raciebi da a.S. aseve did gavlenas axdenen saerTaSoriso vaWrobis sis-temaze. Tavis mxriv, saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi monawileoba xels uwyobs ama Tu im qveynis kvlavwarmoebis procesis intensifikacias erovnuli ekonomikebis Semdegi mimarTulebiT: Zlierdeba specializacia, iqmneba SesaZleblobebi masiuri warmoebis organizaciisaTvis, maRldeba mowyo-bilobaTa datvirTvis xarisxi, izrdeba axali teqnikisa da teqnolo-gebis danergvis efeqturoba.

sagareo vaWrobis moculobis gadideba, eqsport-importis rolis zrda erovnul ekonomikebSi xels uwyobs ekonomikuri ciklis sinq-ronizacias msoflio ekonomikaSi. qveynebis sameurneo kompleqsebis urTierTkavSiri da urTierTdamokidebuleba imdenad Zlierdeba, rom ekonomikis funqcionirebaSi msoflio bazris erTi romelime msxvili

4 http://www.tatort-weltmarkt.de/Lehreseiten/Dokumente/Pro-Globalisierung 2.htm 5 http://works.tarefer.ru/99/100935/index.html 6 www.5ka.su/ref/economy/O_object48593html 7 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/international_trade


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monawilis funqcionirebis moSla gardauvlad iwvevs negatiur sae-rTaSoriso Sedegebs, sxva qveynebSi krizisuli movlenebis gavrcelebis CaTvliT.8 saerTaSoriso vaWroba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan wyaros mra-vali qveynis ekonomikuri SemosavlebisaTvis. misi zrda da progresireba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa globalizaciis Semdgomi gagrZelebisaTvis.9

globalizaciis pirobebSi saerTaSoriso vaWroba izrdeba warmoe-baze ufro swrafad. saerTaSoriso savaWro brunvis kvlevebis Tanaxmad msoflio warmoebis yovel 10%-ze modis msoflio vaWrobis moculobis 16%-iani zrda, rac qmnis misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayrel pirobebs.10 msoflio vaWroba gansakuTrebulad maRali tempebiT viTardeba me-20 saukunis me-2 naxevridan, rodesac saerTaSoriso gacvla iZens ,,feTqe-bad xasiaTs~. 1950-1998 wlebis periodSi msoflio savaWro brunvis mo-culoba 16-jer gaizarda.11 amave periodSi msoflio mTliani Sida pro-duqti (mSp) gaizarda mxolod 5.5-jer. 90-iani wlebis Sua periodSi TiToeuli wlis monacemebis mixedviT msoflio vaWrobis zrdis tempi sistematurad aRemateboda msoflio warmoebis zrdis temps, ris gamoc msoflio eqsportis xvedriTi wili msoflio mSp-Si 1992 wlis 16%-dan 2001 wlisaTvis 24.3%-mde gaizarda.

dasavleli specialistebis SefasebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis gan-viTarebaSi 1950 da 1970 wlebs Soris periodi xasiaTdeba ,,oqros xanad~. swored am periodSi iqna miRweuli msoflio eqsportis 7%-iani zrda. Tumca ukve 70-ian wlebSi is Semcirda 5%-mde, da kidev ufro metad _ 80-ian wlebSi. 80-iani wlebis bolos msoflio eqsportma aCvena SesamCne-vi gamococxleba (8.5%-mde 1988 welSi). 90-iani wlebis dasawyisis aSkara vardnis Semdeg, imave 90-iani wlebis SuaSi is stabilurad kvlav aCve-nebs zrdis maRal tempebs.12

msoflio eqsportis moculobis zrdis pirobebSi calkeuli qvey-nebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian saerTaSoriso bazrebze orienti-rebulobis xarisxiT. ase magaliTad, 1890 wlidan 1990 wlamde ganvlil periodSi eqsportis xvedriTi wili mSp-Si gaizarda: germaniaSi _ 15.9%-dan 24%-mde; safrangeTSi _ 14.2%-dan 17.1%-mde; italiaSi _ 9.7%-dan 15.9%-mde; iaponiaSi _ 5.1%-dan 8.4%-mde; aSS-Si _ 5.6%-dan 8.0%-mde. es maCve-

neblebi Semcirda mxolod did britaneTSi, kerZod _ 27.0%-dan 20.6%-mde, rac gamowveuli iyo didi britaneTis imperiis daSliT.13 eqsportze orientirebuli ekonomikis ganviTareba gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia patara qveynebisaTvis. eqsportis Sefardeba mSp-sTan, rac aRniSnuli damokidebulebis yvelaze zusti maCvenebelia, 2002 wels holandiaSi Seadgenda 56%-s, belgiaSi ki – 76%-s.14

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis stabilur zrdaze gavlena iqonia mTelma rigma faqtorebma:

_ Sromis saerTaSoriso danawilebis ganviTarebam da warmoebisa da kapitalis internacionalizaciam;

8 ix. wyaro 3 9 ix. wyaro 4 10 na5.ru/515117-2 11 http://enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/avdokushin-meo/str/p.12html 12 ix. wyaro 8 13 Мировая экономика и международные отношения. 2003, №7, С. 7 14 На пороге XXI века. Доклад о мировом развитии 2001 года. Всемирный банк., М., 2002. С. 212


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_ mecnierul-teqnikurma revoluciam, romelmac xeli Seuwyo Zi-riTadi kapitalis ganaxlebas, ekonomikis axali dargebis Seqmnasa da Zvelis daCqarebul rekonstruirebas; ,,GATT~-s da ,,WTO~-s RonisZiebaTa gatarebis meSveobiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis regulirebam;

_ saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciam, mravali qveynis gadasv-la importis raodenobrivi SezRudvebis gauqmebisa da sabaJo gadasa-

xadebis mniSvnelovani Semcirebis reJimze – ,,Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebis~ warmoqmnam;

_ msoflio bazarze transnacionaluri korporaciebis aqtiurma saqmianobam;

_ savaWro-ekonomikuri integraciis procesebis ganviTarebam: regi-onaluri barierebis gauqmebam, saerTo bazrebis, Tavisufali bazrebis formirebam.

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciis mizania satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis gauqmebis gziT xeli Seuwyos ekonomikis zrdas. es didwilad xorcieldeba, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ,,WTO~-is da ,,GATT~-is mier saerTaSoriso standartebis miRebiT, raSic aqtiurad arian CarTulni aseve sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebic. gamartivebu-li savaWro politikis gatareba, rac pirvel rigSi gamoixateba savaWro barierebis SemcirebaSi, mewarmeebs aZlevT meti mogebis miRebis SesaZ-leblobas. sabolood ki, tarifebisa da teqnikuri barierebis Semcireba vaWrobaSi iwvevs sawarmoTa konkurentunarianobis amaRlebas region-nalur da saerTaSoriso bazrebze.15

miuxedavad amgvari politikis pozitivisa, dRes ukve arsebobs sapirispiro mimarTulebac, romelic aerTianebs Teoretikosebsa da po-litikos-praqtikosebs, romlebic gamodian saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciisa da im dominirebuli mdgomareobis winaaRmdeg, rac am procesSi ukavia ara mxolod msoflio savaWro organizacias, aramed sxva saerTaSoriso ekonomikur organizaciebsac. maTi azriT, saerTaSo-riso vaWrobis liberalizacia auaresebs ganviTarebadi qveynebis uRari-besi fenebis ekonomikur mdgomareobas, iwvevs ,,globaluri msoflio Semosavlebis~ Semdgom gadanawilebas e.w. ,,oqros miliardis~ qveynebis sasargeblod, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis miRwevebze xelmisawvdo-mobis SesaZleblobas aZlevs mxolod umsxviles transnacionalur kor-poraciebs (tek) da msoflios wamyvan qveynebs.16

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia savaWro-ekonomikuri proteqcionistuli tendenciebis SenarCuneba da zogjer gaZlierebac ki. ase magaliTad, teqstilis, soflis meurneobis produqtrebiT vaWrobis dargSi ta-rifebi rCeba maRali, xolo importis kvotebTan SedarebiT progresi sakmaod nelia. ar SeimCneva progresi aseve savaWro barierebis dawevaSi iseT dargebSi, rogoricaa sazRvao tvirTgadazidvebi da ucxoelTaTvis samuSao adgilebis miRebis SesaZleblobebi. mag., aSS-Si jer kidev ax-devineben 14.6%-is ganakveTis baJs tansacmlis importze, rac 5-jer ma-Ralia, vidre saSualo sagadasaxado mosakrebeli. winaaRmdegoba tari-febis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze Zlieria soflis meurneo-baSi. soflis meurneobis saqonelze dawesebuli baJi da masTan dakav-Sirebuli sxva barierebi msoflios masStabiT aRwevs saSualod 40%-s.

15 www.rtlc.net/ru/tradeliberalization 16 new.referat.ru/bank-znanii/referat_view?oid...


84

garda aSkara, Ria proteqcionistuli politikisa, zogierTi qveynebi iyeneben faruli proteqcionizmis formebs, anu arasatarifo barierebs, romelTac SeiZleba miekuTvnos erovnuli warmoebis dotacia, sxvadasx-va standartebisa da normebis Semotana, saqonlis sertifikacia, anti-konkurenciuli qcevebi saqonlis miwodebasa da ganTavsebasTan, an gan-sazRvruli bazrebis monopolizaciasTan dakavSirebiT.17

miuxedavad amgvari poziciis garkveuli marginalurobisa, is mainc ar aris safuZvels moklebuli da eyrdnoba sruliad realur pro-cesebs, romlebic saTaves iReben globalizebadi msoflio ekonomikidan.

vasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvilivasil xizaniSvili socialur mecnierebaTa doqtori ekonomikaSi

Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis asistent-profesori

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciasaerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizacia reziumereziumereziumereziume

saerTaSoriso vaWroba aris saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTo-

bebis, globalizaciis uZvelesi da umniSvnelovanesi forma. dRes saer-

TaSoriso vaWroba warmoadgens centralur rgols sameurneo kavSirebis rTul sistemaSi. igi axdens msoflios qveynebis erTian saerTaSoriso ekonomikur sistemaSi dakavSirebas. Tanamedrove pirobebi saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi monawileobs msoflio meurneobis yvela subieqti.

globalizaciis pirobebSi saerTaSoriso vaWroba izrdeba warmoe-

baze ufro swrafad. msoflio warmoebis yovel 10%-ze modis msoflio vaWrobis moculobis 16%-ni zrda, rac mqnis misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayrel pirobebs.

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis liberalizaciis mizania satarifo da arasatarifo barierebis gauqmebis gziT xeli Seuwyos ekonomikis zrdas. es didwilad xorcieldeba WTO-is da GATT-is mier saerTaSoriso stan-

dartebiT, raSic aqtiurad arian CarTulni sxva saerTaSoriso orga-

nizaciebic.

Васил Хизанишвили Доктор социальных наук в экономике

Ассистент- профессор Телавского государственного университета

ЛИБЕРАЛИЗАЦИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ Резюме

Международная торговля является древнейшей и важнейшей формой между-

народных экономических отношений и глобализации. На сегодняшний день меж-дународная торговля является центральным кольцом в сложной системе экономических отношений и содействует связи между странами мира в единую экономическую сис-

17 http://enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/avdokushin-meo/str/p13html


85

тему. В современных условиях международной торговли участвуют все субъекты мировой экономики.

В условиях глобализации международная торговля растёт быстрее производства. На каждые 10% мирового производства приходится 16% рост объёма мировой торгов-ли.

Целью либерализации международной торговли является содействие экономи-ческого роста путём аннулирования тарифных и нетарифных барьеров. Это, в основном, осуществляется международными стандартами WTO и GATT и других международных организаций.

Vasil Khizanishvili PhD in Ekonomics

Asistent Profeessor of Telavi State University

INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION Summary

The International trade is the oldest and the most significant form of the globalization

of the international Economical relationship. Today the international trade is the central ring in the difficult system of the World agricultural connections. It makes the connection of the World countries in the international economical systems. In the modern conditions, in the international trade participates all the subjects of the world agriculture.

In the conditions of the globalization the international trading grows faster than manufacturing. On every 10% world production come the 16% increase of the world trading volume, what makes the favorable conditions of its development.

The aim of the international trade liberalization to promote economic growth with the elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers. It largely carried out with the adoption of international standards by WTO and GATT, in which are actually involved also other international organizations.


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makroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomika

mariam vaSakiZe, mariam vaSakiZe, mariam vaSakiZe, mariam vaSakiZe, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti,

mowveuli specialisti naTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZe

akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti, mowveuli specialisti

xelfasis donisa da dixelfasis donisa da dixelfasis donisa da dixelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSinamikis analizi saqarTveloSinamikis analizi saqarTveloSinamikis analizi saqarTveloSi

xelfasi warmoadgens momuSaveTa materialuri keTildReobis erT-

erT ZiriTad maCvenebels, „SromiTi saqmianobis fundamentur safuZvels da mniSvnelovan faqtors, romelic ganapirobebs momuSaveTa da damqi-

ravebelTa ekonomikur qcevas. samuSao Zalaze gaweuli danaxarjebTan erTad, xelfasis done da struqtura ganixileba, rogorc mniSvnelo-

vani makroekonomikuri maCvenebeli, romelic farTod gamoiyeneba sxva-

dasxva politikuri, socialuri Tu ekonomikuri institutebiT Sromis bazarze Seqmnili situaciis Sefasebisa da Sromis bazris makroekono-

mikuri politikis gansazRvrisaTvis“ [1, gv. 20]. amave dros xelfasi war-moadgens produqciis TviTRirebulebis ZiriTad Semadgenel komponents.

amitom xelfasis statistikur-ekonomikur Seswavla-gaanalizebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs movaxdinoT Sromis anazRaurebis analizi da gamovavlinoT samuSao Zalaze gaweuli da-

naxarjebi. xelfasis dones axasiaTeben erTi muSakis saSualo xelfasis mixed-

viT. statistikaSi gaiangariSeba saSualo saaTobrivi, saSualo Tviuri da saSualo wliuri daricxuli xelfasis maCveneblebi. xolo xelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizur kvlevas awarmoeben xelfasis indeqsebis safuZvelze. arsebobs cvalebadi, fiqsirebuli Semadgenlobisa da struqturuli Zvrebis indeqsebi.

xelfasis cvalebadi Semadgenlobis indeqsis gaangariSeba xdeba Semdegi formulis mixedviT:

Icval.Semadg.= Σf1T1/T1 : Σf0T0/T0. sadac f1 da f0 - saSualo xelfasia, Sesabamisad sabazo da

saangariSo periodebSi. T1 da T0 - saSualo siobrivi ricxvi. xelfasis fiqsirebuli (mudmivi) Semadgenlobis indeqsia:

Ifiqs.Semadg.= Σf1T1/T1 : Σf0T1/T1 anu I .= Σf1T1/Σf0T1 struqturuli Zvrebis indeqsi SeiZleba martivad ase gamovianga-

riSoT: Istr.Zvrebi. = Icval.Semadg. : Ifiqs.Semadg.

am indeqsebis gamoyenebiT viangariSebT, Tu rogor icvleba xel-

fasis saSualo done da ra gavlenas axdens esa Tu is faqtori masze.


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daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi saqarTveloSisaqarTveloSisaqarTveloSisaqarTveloSi

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0

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saSualo, Tviuri, nominalursaSualo, Tviuri, nominalursaSualo, Tviuri, nominalursaSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasi) i xelfasi) i xelfasi) i xelfasi) www.geostat.ge

nax. 1 nax. 1 gviCvenebs, Tu rogor icvleboda nominaluri xelfasi 1998-2011

wlebSi. grafikidan advilad davaskvniT, rom igi yovelwliurad izr-

deboda. 2006 wlidan 2008 wlamde saSualo-Tviurma xelfasma mkveTrad moimata da TiTqmis gaormagda.

daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi sqesis mixedviTsqesis mixedviTsqesis mixedviTsqesis mixedviT (larebSi)(larebSi)(larebSi)(larebSi)

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saSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasaSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasaSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasaSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasi) si) si) si) www.geostat.ge

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88

nax. 2-ze mocemulia nominaluri saSualo Tviuri xelfasi sqesis mixedviT. am monacemis mixedviT gaviangariSoT fiqsirebuli Semadgen-

lobis indeqsi 2011 wels 2008 wlis bazisuri pirobiT.

Ifiqs.Semadg.=Σf1T1/T1 : Σf0T1/T1=(460,2×T1 +771,1×T1)/T1 : (367,7×T1+678,4×T1)/T1 � � (460,2+771,1)/(367,7+678,4)=1231,3 : 1046,1=1,177anu 117,7 %

amrigad, 2008 wlidan 2011 wlamde saSualo xelfasis donem 17,7%-iT moimata, am maCveneblis gaangariSeba SeiZleba ufro martivad Semdegi

formulis gamoyenebiT: I.= Σf1T1/Σf0T1. dRes ukve mniSvnelovania SevudaroT mosaxleobis yovel 1000 sul-

ze xelfasis jamuri fondis maCvenebeli, radgan qveynebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian saSualo xelfasis sididiTac da dasaqmebulTa raode-nobiTac. dReisaTvis mosaxleobis erT sulze gaangariSebiT saSualo xelfasis realuri msyidvelobiTi unarianoba saqarTveloSi aSS-ze TiTqmis 15,0-jer dabalia. Tumca fasebis doniT saqarTvelo faqtobri-

vad tols ar udebs aSS-s. zogierTi samomxmareblo saqonlis poziciis mixedviT ki kidevac uswrebs mas.

saSualo xelfasisa da daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa dinamika 2003saSualo xelfasisa da daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa dinamika 2003saSualo xelfasisa da daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa dinamika 2003saSualo xelfasisa da daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa dinamika 2003----2011 2011 2011 2011 wlebSi (procenti, 2003=100)wlebSi (procenti, 2003=100)wlebSi (procenti, 2003=100)wlebSi (procenti, 2003=100)

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wyarowyarowyarowyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (a) dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (a) dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (a) dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (a) dasaqmeba da

umuSevroba, b) xelfasebi. saSualo,umuSevroba, b) xelfasebi. saSualo,umuSevroba, b) xelfasebi. saSualo,umuSevroba, b) xelfasebi. saSualo, Tviuri, nominaluri Tviuri, nominaluri Tviuri, nominaluri Tviuri, nominaluri xelfasi). xelfasi). xelfasi). xelfasi). www.geostat.ge

nax. 3nax. 3nax. 3nax. 3

2003 wlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi arsebiTad gadawyda daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa Sromis saSualo anazRaurebis da ara zogadad dasaqmebis problema. dReisaTvis saSualo xelfasi 600 lars aRemateba (2003 wels -128 lari), rac Sromisunariani mamakacis saarsebo minimumis maCvenebelze oTxjer maRalia. mniSvnelovania ara mxolod dasaqmebuli adamianis daTvla, aramed im adamianebisa, romelTa xelfasic saSualo minimumze dabalia. dasaqmebulTa 17,4% dReSi 1,25 aSS dolarze nakleb Tanxaze cxovrobs. ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sesabamisi procentuli maCvenebeli nulis tolia, xolo postsabWoTa qveynebSi, iseve rogorc sxva ganvi-

Tarebad da naklebadganviTarebul qveynebSi, es mniSvnelovan problemas


89

warmoadgens. zog postsabWoTa qveyanasTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelos maC-venebeli ufro dabalia, Tumca es problemas ver Wris.

bolo wlebSi gaizarda xelfasis msyidvelobiTi unarianoba. mTlia-

nobaSi masobrivi dausaqmebloba da dasaqmebis araracionaluri struq-tura afermkrTalebs saSualo xelfasis zrdis efeqts. daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa raodenoba yovel 100 Sina meurneobaze saqarTveloSi ar aRemateba 52-s, rac jeradad dabalia sxva ganviTarebuli qveynebis ana-

logiur maCveneblebTan SedarebiT. dReisaTvis saqarTvelos Sinameurne-obaTa naxevarze metSi arc erT Sromisunarian wevrs ar gaaCnia anaz-

RaurebiTi samuSao. miuxedavad zrdisa, xelfasma jerac ver daibruna SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebis statusi, xolo Semosavlebis formebis diversificirebisa da daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa SedarebiT mokrZalebu-

li wilis gamo, saSualo xelfasis mixedviT sxva qveynebTan Sedarebam, faqtobrivad dakarga Tavisi ekonomikuri Sinaarsi da socialur-eko-

nomikuri SedarebiTobis funqcia. aRniSnuli problemisadmi saWiroa diferencirebuli midgoma Sesa-

bamisad gansxvavebuli dargebisa da specialobis kategoriebis.


1. Arnania-Kepuladze T., DISPARITY IN THE EMPLOYMENT SPHERE: THE MEASUREMENT OF PAY GENDER DISPROPORTION, IndexCopernicus Journal “Problems of Management in the 21st Century” ISSN 2029-6932, 2012; 3(3):20-25.

http://journals.indexcopernicus.com/abstracted.php?level=4&id_issue=857930

2. virsalaZe n., bakuraZe a., statistika ekonomikasa da biznesSi. quT., 2009

3. erqomaiSvili g., xaraiSvili e., firmis ekonomika. Tb., 2011 4. http://geostat.ge 5. http://economy.gov.ge/ 6. http://opinion.ge/ 7. http://www.google.ge

mariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZe

akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti, mowveuli specialisti,

naTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZenaTela kakauriZe akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti,

mowveuli specialisti xelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSixelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSixelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSixelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizi saqarTveloSi

naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom xelfasis, rogorc Sromis anazRaurebis

ZiriTadi formis statistikuri Seswavla saSualebas gvaZlevs, movax-

dinoT Sromis anazRaurebis analizi da gamovavlinoT samuSao Zalaze gaweuli danaxarjebi. xelfasis donisa da dinamikis analizuri kvleva warmoebulia xelfasis indeqsebis safuZvelze. ganxilulia cvladi, fiqsirebuli Semadgenlobisa da struqturuli Zvrebis indeqsebi. am indeqsebis gamoyenebiT viangariSeT, Tu rogor icvleba xelfasis sa-

Sualo done da ra gavlenas axdens esa Tu is faqtori masze, rac aris asaxuli Sesabamis diagramebSi.


90

Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze gakeTebulia daskvna, rom miuxeda-

vad zrdisa, xelfasma jerac ver daibruna SinameurneobaTa ZiriTadi Semosavlebis statusi da faqtobrivad dakarga Tavisi ekonomikuri Si-naarsi da socialur-ekonomikuri SedarebiTobis funqcia.

Мариам Вашакидзе Государственный Университет им. Акакия Церетели

Приглашенный специалист, Натела Какауридзе

Государственный Университет им. Акакия Церетели Приглашенный специалист

АНАЛИЗ УРОВНЯ И ДИНАМИКИ ЗАРПЛАТЫ В ГРУЗИИ

В труде отмечено, что статистическое изучение зарплаты как основной формы

оплаты труда дает возможность провести анализ оплаты труда и выявить израс-ходованные на рабочую силу затраты. Аналитическое исследование уровня зарплаты и динамики проведено на основе индексов зарплаты. Рассмотрены индексы переменных, фиксированного состава и структурных сдвигов. С использованием этих индексов рассчитали как изменяется средний уровень зарплаты и какое влияние оказывает на ее тот или иной фактор, что отражено в соответствующих диаграммах.

На основе проведенного исследования сделан вывод, что несмотря на рост, зарплате пока еще не вернулся внутрихозяйственный статус основных доходов и фактически потеряло свое экономическое содержание и функцию социально-экономической сравнительности.

Mariam Vashakidze Akaki Tsereteli State University,

Guest Specialist, Natela Kakauridze

Akaki Tsereteli State University, Guest Specialist,

SALARY LEVEL AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN GEORGIA Summary

The paper notes, that statistical analysis of the salaries, as the main form of

remuneration allows us to reveal the salary costs of the workforce. Analytical study of the wage levels and dynamics are produced based on wage indexes. We have considered: variable, fixed composition and structural shift indices. Using these indexes we define how it is changing the level of the average wages and the influences of certain factors which are reflected in the corresponding graphs.

Based on a survey we have concluded that despite the growth, wage income still has not regained its status of main income. It has practically lost economic content and social - economic comparison function.


91

mariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZe akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti,

mowveuli specialisti

dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis donis analizi saqarTveloSidasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis donis analizi saqarTveloSidasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis donis analizi saqarTveloSidasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis donis analizi saqarTveloSi

qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesafaseblad sxvadasxva maCve-neblebi ganixileba. erT-erTi mTavari, rac ekonomistTa da aseve sazo-gadoebis yuradRebas iqcevs – umuSevrobisa da dasaqmebis problemaa. umuSevroba qveynis mosaxleobas mZime tvirTad awevs da ekonomikur, fsiqologiur da socialur danakargs iwvevs. ekonomikuri TvalTaxed-viT, umuSevrobis saxiT, e.w. gamouyenebeli sawarmoo SesaZleblobebis xarjs vRebulobT, romelic auTvisebeli samuSao Zalis gamo ikargeba. aseve ikargeba is produqcia, romlis warmoebac SesaZlebeli iqneboda umuSevrebis dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi. dasaqmebis problema erT-erTi um-wvavesia saqarTveloSi. sxvadasxva statistikuri, koniuqturuli da so-cialuri gamokiTxvebiT is xSirad ikavebs pirvel adgils qveynisa da qarTuli sazogadoebis winaSe mdgari umniSvnelovanesi socialur-eko-nomikuri sakiTxebis nusxaSi.

1998 wlis Semdeg umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi 12,4%-s Seadgen-da. erovnul-demokratiuli institutis mier 2010 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, 16 1 61 gamokiTxulidan 67% respondenti Tavs umuSev-rad Tvlis. es cifri ekonomikurad araaqtiur mosaxleobasac moicavs, anu iseT adamianebsac, romlebic samuSaos ar eZeben. am kvlevam kidev erTxel cxadyo dasaqmebis mniSvneloba qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis. 2011 wlis seqtemberSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, mosax-leobis 62%-s `umuSevroba~ qveynis nomer pirvel problemad miaCnda, xolo 72%-s nomer pirvel adgilobriv problemad. bolo ori aTwleu-lis manZilze saqarTvelo gardaiqmna umwvavesi umuSevrobis problemur qveynad. 2010 wlisaTvis umuSevarTa saerTo raodenobam qveyanaSi 320 aTas kacs gadaaWarba, rac ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis 16,3 pro-centi Seadgina.

umuSevrobis done efuZneba or statistikur-meTodologiur daSve-bas, romlebic `anelebs~ aRniSnuli problemebis simwvaves: 1. umuSevrebs ar miekuTvnebian e.w. TviTdasaqmebulebi; 2. umuSevrobis done gaangariSe-bulia Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mkacri kriteriumiT.

2008-2010 wlebSi msoflioSi mimdinare finansuri krizisisa da ru-

seT-saqarTvelos omis fonze umuSevrobis maCvenebeli saqarTveloSi gaizarda. bolo wlebSi mTavroba komerciuli sawarmoebis mareguli-rebel kanonebSi administraciuli barierebis Semcirebas cdilobs, rogorc cvlilebebis SetaniT, aseve axali kanonebis miRebiT. amdenad, 2011 wels 2010 welTan SedarebiT saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis donis

maCvenebeli 1,2 saპროცენტო punqtiT Semcirda da 15,1 % Seadgina, rac naTlad aris gamosaxuli sqemaze:


92

umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi, %umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi, %umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi, %umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi, %

13,8

13,6

13,3

16,5 16,9 16,315,1

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

wyarowyarowyarowyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da

umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba) www.geostat.ge 2011 wels 2010 welTan SedarebiT, daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa da

TviTdasaqmebulTa raodenoba TiTqmis erTnairad gaizarda. soflis ti-pis dasaxlebaSi umuSevrobis done 1,4 procentuli punqtiT, xolo qa-

laqis tipis dasaxlebebSi – 0,7 procentuli punqtiT Semcirda:

umuSevrobis done qalaqumuSevrobis done qalaqumuSevrobis done qalaqumuSevrobis done qalaq----soflis WrilSi, %soflis WrilSi, %soflis WrilSi, %soflis WrilSi, %

26,3 26,1 23,928,9 28,8 27,2 26,5

5 4,8 5,4 7,1 7,8 7,9 6,5

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

qalaqi

sofeli


umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba) www.geostat.ge

statistika gviCvenebs, rom erTaderTi kategoria, romelic dasaq-

mebis stabilur zrdas aCvenebs, TviTdasaqmebulTa kategoriaa, xolo `daqiravebiT~ momuSave dasaqmebulTa raodenoba mcirdeba. TviTdasaqme-buli mosaxleoba ZiriTadad regionebSia koncentrirebuli, im mizeziT, rom nebayoflobiT daamuSaon sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi TavianTi oja-

xebis sakeTildReod. amis Sedegia is monacemebi, romlis mixedviTac umuSevrobis done regionebSi gacilebiT ufro dabalia, vidre Tbilis-

Si, imitom, rom potenciuri samuSao Zala ver CaiTvleba soflis seq-

torSi dasaqmebulad. amitom, rogorc sqemidan Cans, TbilisSi umu-

Sevrobis done maRalia, da is tolia 29,3%.


93

umuSevrobis done regionalur WrilSi 2011 wels, %umuSevrobis done regionalur WrilSi 2011 wels, %umuSevrobis done regionalur WrilSi 2011 wels, %umuSevrobis done regionalur WrilSi 2011 wels, %

8,929,3

8,9 9,418,0 16,5

9,3 7,115,1

0,0

20,0

40,0

* raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTis CaTvliT **samcxe-javaxeTi, guria, mcxeTa-mTianeTi wyarowyarowyarowyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da

umuSevroba) umuSevroba) umuSevroba) umuSevroba) www.geostat.ge regionalur WrilSi, 2011 wels 2010 welTan SedarebiT, umuSevro-

bis done Sida qarTlis regionSi – 3,8%-iT, imereTis regionSi – 2,4%-iT, xolo kaxeTis regionSi 2,2%-iT Semcirda.

umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi, %umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi, %umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi, %umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi, %

14,8 15,2 13,9 16,8 18,1 17,9 16,7

12,6 11,7 12,616,1 15,4 14,5 13,10,0

20,0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

qali

kaci


umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba) www.geostat.ge umuSevrobis done TiTqmis erTnairad Semcirda, rogorc qalebSi,

aseve kacebSi. kerZod, umuSevrobis done qalebSi 1,2%-iT Semcirda, xo-lo kacebSi aRniSnuli maCveneblis klebam 1,4% Seadgina.

saqarTveloSi, dasaqmebulebad registrirebulTa umetesoba TviT-dasaqmebulia. dasaqmebulTagan mxolod 621 aTasi adamiani eweva daqira-vebul Sromas, xolo milionze meti ganekuTvneba e.w. TviTdasaqmebul mosaxleobas.

saqarTveloSi biznes-seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa 63% msxvil biznesSia dakavebuli maSin, rodesac evrokavSirSi aRniSnuli maCvenebeli mxo-

lod 39%-ia [4]. aRsaniSnavia, rom yofili sabWoTa kavSiris pirobebSi migracia `eTnikuri~ xasiaTis iyo, xolo bolo ori aTwleulis period-

Si ki Sromis xasiaTs atarebs. ekonomikaSi mdgradi da stabiluri ganvi-

Tarebis deficiti ubiZgebs ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis sagrZnob nawils samuSao eZebos qveynis farglebs gareT. amJamad, saqarTvelodan ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 1-1,5 mln kacia gasuli, rac mniSvnelovnad aRemateba saqarTveloSi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobas. rom ara amgvari `gadineba~, dReisaTvis umuSevrobis done saqarTveloSi oficialuri 16-17% ki ar iqneboda, aramed sul co-ta, 65-70%, anu arsebulze 4-jer maRali.


94

ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis wili da umuSevrobis done ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis wili da umuSevrobis done ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis wili da umuSevrobis done ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis wili da umuSevrobis done calkeuli asakobrivi jgufebicalkeuli asakobrivi jgufebicalkeuli asakobrivi jgufebicalkeuli asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT 2010 wels (procenti)s mixedviT 2010 wels (procenti)s mixedviT 2010 wels (procenti)s mixedviT 2010 wels (procenti)

25 wlamde asakis

mosaxleoba

25 welze ufrosi

mosaxleoba

15 welze meti asakis mosaxleoba

ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis wili Sesabamis asakobriv jgufSi, %

37 69 63

umuSevrobis done 37,5 14,2 16,7 wyarowyarowyarowyaro: saqarTvelos stasaqarTvelos stasaqarTvelos stasaqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da tistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da tistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da tistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (dasaqmeba da

umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba)umuSevroba) www.geostat.ge axalgazrdebis udidesi nawili ar miekuTvneba ekonomikurad aqti-

ur mosaxleobas. 25 wlamde asakobriv jgufSi, ekonomikurad aqtiuria mxolod 202 aTasi axalgazrda – 37% (saSualod, 15 da meti wlis asakis mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobaSi ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis raodenobis 63%-ia, maT Soris 25 welze ufros mosaxleobaSi - 69%). gamodis, rom dasaqmebis saerTo maCvenebeli 25 wlamde asakobriv jguf-

Si daaxloebiT 2,5-jer CamorCeba ufrosi asakobrivi jgufis analogiur maCvenebels.

dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis nakleboba seriozuli SezRudvaa qvey-

nis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. aqcentebi unda gakeTdes rogorc samuSao adgilebis wyaroze, aseve umuSevrobis negatiuri zemoqmedebis Semcirebaze qveyanaSi. mewarmeoba, rogorc dasaqmebis wyaro, ekonomikis mamoZravebeli erT-erTi Zalaa, amitom biznesis ganviTarebisTvis xel-

sayreli pirobebis Seqmna efeqtiani gzaa dasaqmebis donis asamaRleb-

lad. am mxriv, ZiriTadi xelisSemSleli faqtorebia: finansebis araxel-misawvdomoba, inflacia da araadekvaturi ganaTlebis mqone muSaxeli. amitom saqarTvelos mTavrobam da sxva Sesabamisma uwyebebma unda sca-don am SezRudvebis aRmofxvra, raTa mewarmeoba swrafad ganviTardes. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ganaTlebis sferoze. saWiroa iseTi Semdgomi reformebis gatareba ganaTlebis seqtorSi, ro-

goricaa ganaTlebis standartebis modernizacia, dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTlebis sayovelTao uzrunvelyofa, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, organizaciebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva maTi TanamSrom-lebis gadamzadebaSi, raTa isini axlandeli bazris moTxovnebs ukeT Seesabamebodnen da sxva.


1. erqomaiSvili g., xaraiSvili e., firmis ekonomika. Tb., 2011. 2. paiWaZe n., Sromis ekonomika. Tb., 2000. 3. gurabaniZe v., qiqoZe n., SromiTi resursebis menejmenti. quT., 2006. 4. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri www.geostat.ge 5. The Economic Policy Research center – www.eprc.ge 6. ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro –

www.economy.gov.ge


95

mariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZemariam vaSakiZe akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti,

mowveuli specialisti

dasaqmebis da umuSevrobis problemebi saqarTveloSidasaqmebis da umuSevrobis problemebi saqarTveloSidasaqmebis da umuSevrobis problemebi saqarTveloSidasaqmebis da umuSevrobis problemebi saqarTveloSi reziumereziumereziumereziume

naSromSi ganxilulia dasaqmebis mniSvneloba qarTuli sazogadoe-

bisaTvis, romelic ikavebs wamyvan adgils qveynis socialur-ekonomi-kuri da politikuri sakiTxebis nusxaSi. umuSevrobis saxiT e.w. gamou-

yenebuli sawarmoo SesaZleblobebis xarjs vRebulobT, romelic aseve gamouyenebeli samuSao Zalis gamo ikargeba. Catarebuli kvlevis safuZ-velze warmodgenilia saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis donis analizi 2003-2011 wlebSi, rac asaxulia diagramebSi. statistikiT, erTaderTi kate-goria, romelic stabilur zrdas aCvenebs - TviTdasaqmebulTa katego-riaa, xolo `daqiravebiT~ momuSave dasaqmebulTa raodenoba mcirdeba. umuSevroba seriozuli SezRudvaa qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaT-vis. mewarmeoba, rogorc dasaqmebis wyaro ekonomikis erT-erTi mamoZra-vebeli Zalaa. amitom xelisuflebis mier biznesis keTebisaTvis xelsay-reli pirobebis Seqmna efeqtiani gzaa dasaqmebis donis asamaRleblad.

Мариам Вашакидзе Государственный Университет им. Акакия Церетели

Приглашенный специалист,

АНАЛИЗ УРОВНЯ ЗАНЯТОСТИ И БЕЗРАБОТНИЦЫ В ГРУЗИИ Резюме

В работе рассмотрено значение занятости для грузинского общества, которая занимает передовое место в списке социально-экономических и политических вопросов. В лице безработницы получаем т.н. затраты неиспользованных производственных возможностей, которые также теряются ввиду неиспользованной рабочей силы. На основе проведенных исследований предстовлен анализ уровня безработницы в Грузии в 2003-2011 годы, что отражено в диаграммах. По статистике, единственная категория, которая показывает стабильный рост – категория самозанятости, а количество занятых «наемных» работников снижается. Безработница серьезное ограничение для экономического развития страны. Предпринимательство как источник занятости одно из движущих сил экономики. Поэтому создание правительствой благоприятных условий для делания бизнеса эффективный путь для повышения уровня занятости.


96

Mariam Vashakidze Akaki Tsereteli State University,

Guest Specialist

THE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN GEOR GIA Summary

The paper discusses the problems of the employment and unemployment in Georgian

society, which takes the leading place in the list of country's social and economic issues. In the form of unemployment, we get the so-called of unused production capacity costs, which are being lost because of the unused labor force. We have made analysis of the unemployment rate in Georgia based on the statistical information of 2005-2011 years, and are reflected in the graphs. According to the statistics, the only category that shows a stable increase is self-employed category while decreases the number of hired employees.

Unemployment is a serious restriction for the country's economic development. Entrepreneurship as a source of employment is a driving force of the economy. So to create favorable conditions for making business – is an efficient way to raise the level of employment.


97

magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebimagistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebimagistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebimagistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi

Бекбалат Бакбергенович Альмадиев докторант Академии государственного управления

при Президенте Республики Казахстан

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ»

Вводная часть.

В наше время мы часто замечаем углубляющиеся процессы формирования

глобального экономического пространства, проявляющиеся в усиливающейся интег-рированности стран в мировом масштабе. Активизации международного перемещения капиталов, ускорению формирования единой системы мировых связей способствует изменяющееся в технологическом, экономическом, социальном и других отношениях мировое хозяйство.

Думаю, как вызовы, так и новые возможности несет национальным государствам развитие глобализации. С одной стороны, глобализация способствует оживлению национальных экономик. Это связано с эффектом углубления специализации и участием в международном разделении труда, стимулированием непрерывного развития новых технологий и их распространением. Страны имеют возможность либерализации и расширения международного обмена товарами, услугами и продуктами интеллек-туального труда, эффективно использовать нововведения, интегрироваться в структуру транснациональных корпораций и через них получать гарантированный доступ на внешние рынки.

Таким образом, преимущества глобализации определяются теми экономическими выгодами, которые страны получают от использования своих передовых научно-технических, технологических и квалификационных возможностей. Конечным резуль-татом глобализации должно стать общее повышение благосостояния в мире.

На мой взгляд, быстрый рост экономики Казахстана в значительной степени обуславливает рассмотрение вопроса о его месте в системе мировых экономических процессов. Оценка роли и значения, происходящих в нашей стране изменений, нап-равленных на модернизацию и диверсификацию отечественной экономики, необходима для последующего перспективного развития Казахстана.

Со времени формирования независимого государства основным приоритетом внешней политики и внешнеэкономической деятельности Казахстан провозгласил многовекторность, которой уделяется особое внимание в основополагающих стра-тегических документах «Казахстан – 2030», «Стратегия-2050», ежегодных Посланиях Президента страны народу Казахстана, а также в государственных, отраслевых и региональных программах Правительства РК.

Поскольку Казахстан обладает значительными запасами основных видов ресурсов, располагается на пересечении основных трансконтинентальных торгово-транспортных путей, в последние годы он стал играть достаточно важную роль в качестве участника мировых экономических процессов. При этом Казахстан сохраняет внутреннюю стабильность, а также – в целях повышения эффективности использования имеющихся преимуществ – является инициатором развития большинства региональных и межрегиональных проектов.


98

Основная часть. Как известно, одним из наиболее масштабных и перспективных таких проектов

является ЕврАзЭС, инициатором и вдохновителем которого является Президент Республики Казахстан Назарбаев Н.А.

Мне всегда приятно подчеркивать этот факт, красноречиво свидетельствующий о международном авторитете моей страны и ее руководителя, последовательности и целеустремленности проводимой внешней политики, направленной на достижение передовых позиций в мировом сообществе.

Вместе с тем, полагаю необходимым уделять большее внимание актуальным проблемам – неким «подводным камням» на пути интеграции и, собственно, рекомендациям по преодолению данных проблем.

В этой связи, хотел бы привлечь внимание к следующим актуальным вопросам, связанным с ключевой ролью Казахстана и России в евразийском процессе.

Прежде всего, нужна ли интеграция на постсоветском пространстве? Считаю, что вопрос достаточно риторический. А чем же мы занимались все 20 лет, создавая различного рода союзы в виде СНГ, ЕврАзЭС, ОДКБ, ШОС? Где участниками были и Казахстан, и Россия. Или это все было «для протокола»? Тот же Таможенный союз (ТС) обсуждался с середины 90-х годов, но был поспешно создан за последние полтора года. А теперь еще и Евразийское экономическое пространство (ЕЭП) возникает, даже без должного подведения первых итогов существования ТС. Итоги же, мягко говоря, настораживающие. Порою даже звучат крайне категоричные суждения о том, что ТС как интеграционный проект себя не оправдал и следует вернуться к самостоятельному регулированию внешнеторговой деятельности. Население в значительной части негативно восприняло и повышение цен, и снижение уровня жизни.

Какое у России превалирует понимание значения интеграции? И если интеграция нужна, то только ли чтобы продемонстрировать тому же Западу роль России как региональной державы и тем самым укрепить с ним диалог? Или интеграция для РФ – это что-то типа бизнес-поглощения? На мой взгляд, Россия сама по себе самодостаточное государство, чтобы перед кем-то доказывать свою значимость. И все вышеперечисленные союзы и интеграционные структуры дают понимание тому же Западу, что Россия крупная региональная держава. Другое дело, что создав Таможенный союз и Евразийский союз, Россия сможет диктовать свои условия странам сателлитам – Казахстану и Белоруссии, чтобы обезопасить себя от возможной антироссийской политики будущих элит в этих странах. Тем не менее, интеграция для РФ - это и бизнес-поглощение, и страхование будущих политических рисков, и возвращение к имперской сущности российского государства. Российский бизнес на порядок лучше организован, имеет большие финансовые возможности и более циничен, если хотите. Для него Казахстан – это заманчивая бизнес-возможность расширить границы и увеличить активы. И если в Белоруссии российский бизнес будет участвовать в первичной приватизации, то в Казахстане активы будут покупаться уже у местных и заезжих олигархов, которые захотят монетизировать свои активы в преддверии смены элит. Плюс «интеграция» это еще и возможность набрать политические дивиденды перед грядущим электоральным циклом, но это в ближайшей перспективе. В отдаленной перспективе, Россия может фактически колонизировать своих соседей и расширить зону своего влияния.

Готов ли Казахстан к масштабной интеграции с Россией и насколько в Казахстане существует понимание значения процесса интеграции? Отвечая на эти вопросы необходимо задать другой вопрос: что такое «масштабная интеграция» в понимании нынешнего руководства России? Если это централизованное управление экономикой, макроэкономикой, валютным регулированием, отсутствие ограничений на перемещение рабочей силы, регулируемое из Москвы, то, конечно, не готов. И никогда


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не будет. Если это выстраивание равноправных и справедливых отношений на двухсторонней основе, то мы готовы к этому всегда. Хочу напомнить, что между нашими странами существует Договор о вечной дружбе, который пока имеет юридическую силу.

В свою очередь, трудно сказать, что может дать Россия Казахстану. По структуре экономики мы очень похожи. Обе страны сырьевой направленности, низкотехнологичны и зависят напрямую от цен на углеводороды. По индексам ведения бизнеса, прозрачности, индексу коррупции мы примерно на одних и тех же позициях. Приведу пример: «Росатом» пролоббировал строительство АЭС в Актау совместно с «Казатомпромом». Уже сегодня видны изъяны этого проекта и возможности ТС для лоббирования российских технологий. Недавно тот же «Росатом» подписал соглашение на строительство АЭС в Белоруссии. Получается, что из-за того что в России не развита альтернативная энергетика, мы строим АЭС вместо тех же современных ветровых станций.

Каковы могут быть ожидания Казахстана от участия совместно с Россией в евразийском интеграционном проекте? Ожидания не самые радужные. Вытеснение казахского бизнеса из экономики Казахстана, новое перераспределение собственности уже с участием российского капитала, снижение покупательской способности населения из-за повышения цен на товары из третьих стран, прежде всего, из Китая, неконтро-лируемые миграционные процессы и, как следствие, возможные межэтнические конфликты.

В чем основные проблемы на пути интеграции с Россией? И, соответственно, как их можно решить? Да проблем, в общем, никаких нет, если выстраивать равные партнерские отношения. Но необходимо помнить, что вокруг нас другие геопо-литические игроки, с которыми Казахстан тоже должен взаимовыгодно сотрудничать. И мы не можем интегрироваться с Россией настолько, чтобы завтра не иметь возможности развивать самостоятельно, без оглядки на Россию, отношения и с Китаем, и с Евросоюзом, и с США, и с другими региональными державами. А вот возможности, которые дает нам участие в Таможенном союзе мы не использовали и, судя по всему, не собираемся. Например, пользуясь верховенством международных договоров, наше Правительство могло бы пересмотреть договоры о разделе продукции с трансна-циональными нефтяными корпорациями и, гармонизировав экспортные пошлины с Россией, заставить платить их соответствующую экспортную пошлину на нефть. Поэтому можно предположить, что в нынешних условиях подобные союзы не принесут моей стране ожидаемого положительного импульса для поступательного социально-экономического развития и укрепления национальной государственности.

Заключительная часть. Подводя итоги своим размышлениям, еще раз хотел бы подчеркнуть важность

готовности откровенно говорить о существующих проблемах на пути интеграции. Мне представляется, что озвученные моменты должны быть учтены при выстраивании отношений Казахстана как с Россией, так и с другими странами – реальными и потен-циальными участниками интеграционного взаимодействия. Тем более, что казахс-танский фактор принципиально важен для России. Потеряв Казахстан как партнера, Россия потеряет всю Центральную Азию. И, наоборот, доказав на примере Казахстана эффективность совместного интеграционного проекта, Россия может приобрести еще большее доверие со стороны других государств региона.

Кроме того, с точки зрения задач развития интеграционного взаимодействия, на мой взгляд, принципиально важно повышение качества анализа и прогноза тех процессов и тенденций, в фарватере которых сегодня развиваются Казахстан, Россия и страны Центральной Азии, что среди прочего может предполагать следующие рекомендации:


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- необходимость усиления аналитического потенциала Казахстана, России и других стран региона за счет принципиального увеличения государственного финан-сирования и усиления качества менеджмента исследований по вопросам интеграции;

- необходимость организации и проведения на регулярной основе меж-государственных аналитических проектов как на двустороннем, так и на многосто-роннем уровнях, в первую очередь в рамках существующих интеграционных инс-титутов.

В целом же полагаю, что сегодня крайне необходим поиск новых, нестан-дартных и инновационных решений в плане развития интеграции, регулярный мониторинг и анализ существующих на ее пути проблем, их честное и открытое обсуждение.

Использованная литература

1. Евразийская стратегия суверенного Казахстана. Под ред. Султанова Б.К. – Алматы: КИСИ, 2005.

2. Шерьязданова К.Г. Современные интеграционные процессы. Астана, 2011. 3. Послание Главы государства народу Казахстана от 14 декабря 2012 года

«Стратегия «Казахстан-2050»: новый политический курс состоявшегося государства».

Бекбалат Альмадиев докторант Академии государственного управления

при Президенте Республики Казахстан

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ

Резюме

Быстрый рост экономики Казахстана в значительной степени обусловливает рассмотрение вопроса о его месте в системе мировых экономических процессов.

Оценка роли и значения, происходящих в нашей стране изменений, направленных на модернизацию и диверсификацию отечественной экономики, необходима для последующего перспективного развития Казахстана. Особенно, если принять во

внимание, что преимущества глобализации определяются теми экономическими выгодами, которые страны получают от использования своих передовых научно-технических, технологических и квалификационных возможностей, и что конечным результатом глобализации должно стать общее повышение благосостояния в мире.


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bekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievibekbolat almadievi yazaxeTis respublikis prezidentTan arsebuli

saxelmwifo marTvis akademiis doqtoranti

saerTaSoriso urTsaerTaSoriso urTsaerTaSoriso urTsaerTaSoriso urTierTobebi globalizaciis pirobebSi: ierTobebi globalizaciis pirobebSi: ierTobebi globalizaciis pirobebSi: ierTobebi globalizaciis pirobebSi: evroaziuri integraciis aqtualuri sakiTxebievroaziuri integraciis aqtualuri sakiTxebievroaziuri integraciis aqtualuri sakiTxebievroaziuri integraciis aqtualuri sakiTxebi


yazaxeTis ekonomikis swrafi zrda mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs im sakiTxis ganxilvas, Tu ra adgili ukavia mas msoflio ekonomikuri procesebis sistemaSi.

Cvens qveyanaSi momxdari cvlilebebis mniSvneloba da roli, mimarTuli samamulo ekonomikis modernizaciasa da diversifikaciaze, aucilebelia yazaxeTis Semdgomi perspeqtiuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

gansakuTrebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom globalizaciis upi-ratesoba ganisazRvreba im ekonomikuri sargebliT, romlebsac qveynebi Rebuloben Tavisi mowinave mecnierul-teqnikuri, teqnologiuri da kvalificiuri SesaZleblobebiT da is, rom globalizaciis saboloo Sedegi msoflioSi saerTo keTildReobis amaRleba unda gaxdes.

Bekbalat Almadiev PhD student

the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNDER GLOBALIZATION:

THE ACTUAL ISSUES OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION Summary

The rapid growth of the Kazakhstan economy to a great extent determines the

consideration of the issue concerning its place in the system of world economic processes. The estimation of the role and significance of the current changes in our country

directed to modernization and diversifications of the economy is necessary for the further perspective development of Kazakhstan. Especially taking into account that the advantages of globalization are determined by those economic benefits obtained by the countries from using their best scientific-technical, technological and qualification opportunities and that the final result of globalization should be the increase of general welfare all over the world.


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Darzhan Kazbekova PhD candidate in international relations,

Institute for diplomacy from the Academy of public administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

РОЛЬ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ В СФЕРЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ Abstract

This article aims to analyze the importance and the role of public diplomacy in the context of international political economy. Considering the importance of modern trends it is necessary to premeditate grade and global scale of risks that have the direct influence to the condition of international relations.

В первую очередь необходимо определить дефиницию публичной дипломатии, которая не имеет конкретной градации и стратегии своей реализации. По сути дела, процессы глобализации, которые имеют непосредственное влияние на основные сферы жизнедеятельности человека, несут за собой ряд изменений в формах взаимоотношений между государствами и методами привлечения к себе внимания различных групп общественности. На сегодняшний день можно с уверенностью утверждать, что для сохранения глобальных связей необходим не только стратегически продуманный менеджмент внутренним государственным устройством, но и проанализированные формы и способы публичной дипломатии, которая находятся в тесной связи с общественностью. По утверждению Мелиссон Я. и публичная дипломатия и связи с общественностью непосредственно затронуты силами глобализации и недавней революцией в коммуникационных технологиях. В эпоху, в которую стало весьма важным влиять на мировое мнение, внутренние и международные связи с общественностью становятся все более сложной проблемой для министерств иностранных дел. [1, 13]

Понятие публичная дипломатия введено в 1965 году Эдмундом Галлионом в Школе права и дипломатии им. Флетчера университета Тафтса. Галлион был первым, кто дал определение понятию в его современном значении, однако, он был не первым, кто это определение использовал. В действительности этимология публичной дипломатии ведет нас к 1856 году. В то время она была употреблена в статье лондонской газеты «Times» об американском президенте Франклине Пирсе. Публичная дипломатия употребляется здесь в качестве синонима для обращения к местному населению и указывает на связь уважения в собственной стране и за границей. Уже в раннем использовании значения усматривается открытость и открытое мнение на политику и уважение президентом. По мнению Шван А. уже в первом значении слова заложены две основы, которые и до сегодняшнего времени присущи понятию публичной дипломатии: открытость и имидж, как в пределах, так и за пределами страны. [2, 121]

В США понятие было употреблено впервые в 1871 году в одной статье «New York Times», которая была обращена против захвата Доминиканской республики и вместо этого следовала «открытой, публичной дипломатии», это означало открытую дипломатию в противовес часто встречающейся тайной дипломатии вышедшей в 19 столетии. Тем самым, в какой то степени президент Вудро Вильсон приготовил мировоззренческую концепцию: в своих «Четырнадцати пунктах» по мирному урегулированию от 8.1.1918 года, где он следовал не только миротворческой международной системе, но и также пропагандировал то, что «здесь не должно быть любого рода личное международное понимание, но дипломатия должна осуществляться всегда откровенно и в поле зрения общественности». [3, 79] Это описание публичной


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дипломатии, которое приравнивается к «открытой дипломатии», было довольно часто использовано в первой Мировой войне и в качестве «общественной дипломатии» у французов и была тем самым принята в дипломатической языковом употреблении. [4, 3] Также и в немецкой политике это значение понятия было введено в 1918 году, когда рейхсканцлер Георг фон Гертлинг того времени 24 января в своей речи перед рейхстагом говорил о «публичности дипломатического соглашения» касательно «Четырнадцати пунктах» Вильсона. Вильсон снова сослался во время доклада перед Конгрессом 11 февраля 1918 года, что Гертлинг принимает «принцип публичной дипломатии». [5, 3] После второй Мировой войны понятие получило в своем значении новый импульс открытой дипломатии. В 1946 году Генри Спаак в своем докладе при его избрании в качестве президента Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН при первом открытии заседания упоминал о новых временах публичной дипломатии, в то время как лондонский «Times» назвал публичную дипломатию в качестве «одного из лозунгов и слоганов подменяющих принципы внешней политики». [6, 4]

С 1950 года публичная дипломатия стала употребляться со ссылкой на прямую речь общественности в международных отношениях. В этой связи Липпман писал в 1953 году: «одно можно утверждать, что практика публичной дипломатии и пропаганды и психологической войны стали такими как бедствие» [7, 5] – в надежде, что если бы Холодная война была бы сдвинута от символической политики на уровень политики отражения. Этот ранний анализ «умения произвести эффект» [8, 5], который соот-ветствовал внешнеполитическому представлению Холодной войны на этом раннем этапе, показывает, что публичная дипломатия способна уже в послевоенное время быть рассмотрена как элемент медиации внешней политики. В следующие года понятие было представлено соответственно англосаксонской политике и прессе в качестве эвфе-мистического синонима понятию пропаганда. Публичная дипломатия была в дальнейшем использована в США для наименования всех иностранных деятельностей с целью «завоевания умов и сердец» [9, 21], которые были обращены не на иностранные правительства, а на общественность. Это связывало в первую очередь инструменты внешней культурной политики, связей с общественностью и маркетинга. Лишь со сменой тысячелетия понятие публичной дипломатии будет усиленно введено в международных рамках как правительствами, так и средствами массовой информации, и него-сударственными акторами. [10, 21]

Публичная дипломатия варьируется в спектре между убеждением и меняю-щимся понимании, где две стороны в качестве полюса должны воспринимать на непрерывности возможных стратегий и находится в узком взаимоотношении друг с другом. Этот дуализм обозначается в исследовании также в качестве политической информации (убеждения) и культурной коммуникации (понимания). [11, 496-505] Стратегия убеждения при этом основана двухступенчатым образом: основой для испробованного влияния иностранной общественности является желание воздействия к принадлежащему правительству «в смысле интересов публичной дипломатии прес-ледуемых государств». [12, 497] В этой форме публичная дипломатия представляет собой вариант политики насилия. Культурная коммуникация на другом конце полюса напротив «стремится на меняющемся понимании в одной долгосрочной вложенной презентации общества или иначе быть представлена некоторыми аспектами». Здесь можно обнаружить образование внешней культурной политики, которая представляет собой вторую важную сферу публичной дипломатии. Большой спектр коммуни-кационных возможностей, действий и интересов послужил поводом для некоторых ученых засомневаться в пользе общего понятия публичной дипломатии и предложить разделение аспекта внешней культурной политики. Это все же означало бы, желание разделить в старании добро от зла, с тем, чтобы скрыть аспекты политики насилия государственной внешней коммуникации. [2, 123]


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По мнению Долинского А. наряду с пониманием общественной дипломатии как public diplomacy, появилось и второе значение термина в русском языке – дипломатия на уровне общественных организаций. Это породило опасную путаницу: даже среди экспертов встречается убеждение, что public diplomacy – это лишь диалог на уровне неправительственных организаций. Между тем public diplomacy подразумевает более широкий спектр направлений деятельности: от зарубежного вещания до образовательных обменов. (Поэтому более удобным представляется перевод «публичная дипломатия», не имеющий значения дипломатии на уровне НПО. Далее в статье выражение «публичная дипломатия» используется в значении «public diplomacy».) Неточность опасна еще и тем, что профессиональное взаимодействие между специализированными НПО по темам, имеющим большое значение для межгосударственных отношений, – это все-таки скорее дипломатия «вторых треков», дипломатия экспертного сообщества. Это также значимый механизм в международных отношениях, однако, он, как правило, не направлен на взаимодействие с широкой общественностью. Важно договориться, что мы ведем речь именно о public diplomacy (публичной дипломатии) как о системе взаимодействия с зарубежными обществами в политических целях, тогда как термин «общественная дипломатия» должен пониматься либо как его синоним, либо как одно из поднаправлений. Ограничение public diplomacy диалогом некоммерческих организаций – ошибка как смысловая, так и – потенциально – политическая. [13]

Тем не менее, понятие публичная дипломатия имеет множество определений, однако в большинстве случаев исследователи определяют тематические области согласно необходимости их собственных исследовательских интересов, что ведет к фрагментированным понятийным определениям, которые раскрывают собственно только часть спектра. На сегодня существуют разные возможные тенденции и квалификации понятия публичная дипломатия.

К первой группе мы относим группу большинства авторов таких как W. Olins, J. Melissen, Edmund A. Gullion, R. Sheldon and J. Stauber, Jr. Crocker Snow, Alan K. Henrikson, M. Butler, которые в понятии публичной дипломатии делают основной акцент на процесс влияния на общественные отношения, мнения людей и правительств для формирования и мобилизации иностранной общественности и их решений в свою пользу.

Одновременно другая группа ученных, в дефиниции публичной дипломатии стараются подчеркнуть ее реализацию за рубежом в виде коммуникационной формы. B. Hocking, H. Tuch, Jill A. Schuker, A. Michalski, A. Spiegel, Edmund A. Gullion, M. Lending, Jian Wang, Alan K. Henrikson определяют ее как процесс коммуникации с иностранной общественностью в попытках объяснить другим нациям свои идеи и ценности, институты и культуры, национальные цели и политику страны. Что и ознаменуются под лозунгом «завоевание умами и сердцами» людей. [1, 9-10]

Третья группа исследователей P. Sharp, B. Scaria Amoretti, J. Melissen, P. Sharp, A. Michalski, Ingrid d’Hooghe, Sh. Riordan, Kishan S. Rana, C. Lord придерживаются мнения о том, что публичная дипломатия это формирование отношений с акторами гражданских обществ в иностранных государствах, а также о процессе содействия между непра-вительственными организациями внутри и за пределами страны. Следует подчеркнуть, что вышеупомянутый авторы третьей группы отмечают важность и необходимость процесса публичной дипломатии, при которой прямые отношения преследуются в первую очередь с людьми своей страны для продвижения ее интересов и ценностей за пределами национальной границы. Как отмечает Sh. Riordan эффективная публичная дипломатия внутри страны может быть существенным предшественником к успешной публичной дипломатии за пределами страны. [1, 191]

Четвертая группа исследователей B. Hocking, Sh. Riordan, Ingrid d’Hooghe, J. Melissen, John W. Wheeler-Bennett в определении публичная дипломатия отмечают, что


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неправительственные организации и другие негосударственные акторы стараются выдвигать свои идеи (message) для преследования политики своих целей. Правильное создание и управление этими идеями, посланиями являются ключевым источником концепции стратегии публичной дипломатии. [14, 41] Важной задачей при этом является формирование содержания посланий, инструментов и акторов стратегии публичной дипломатии. К примеру, Sh. Riordan считает, что послания публичной дипломатии должны быть более утонченными и проницательными. Публичная дипломатия должна вовлекаться в диалоги с широким кругом игроков в иностранных гражданских обществах. Это в первую очередь требует более открытых и возможно простых методов, которые признают то, что никто не имеет монополию на истину или силу, что другие идеи могут быть обоснованными и что последствия могут быть различными от первоначальной идеи, которая была выдвинута. [15, 189] Кроме того, авторы этой группы отмечают важность настраивания посланий публичной дипломатии на специфическую аудиторию [15, 189], тем самым, подчеркивая, значимость не только контентной специфики идей, но и публику, которая не только воспримет, но и осуществит ее дальнейшую реализацию.

Таким образом, на основе изложенного анализа широкого спектра интер-претации определений публичной дипломатии, автором предлагается следующая дефиниция, которая отражает ее основную суть и идею в современном состоянии международных отношений.

Публичная дипломатия представляет собой совокупность мер направленных на широкую аудиторию иностранных государств, связанных с реализацией экономических и политических интересов с целью ее привлечения и реализации внешнеполитической стратегии в ее стране в будущем. Кроме того, не маловажным является то, что политику публичной дипломатии необходимо продвигать и в своей стране, так как первона-чальным ее носителем являются люди, которые в первую очередь заинтересованы в ее успешной реализации за пределами своих границ.

Кроме того, необходимо учитывать тот факт, что современные дипломаты вынуждены учитывать не только глобальные современные экономические тенденции, которые имеют важное значение как в широком масштабе, но одновременно их влияние на национальные экономические интересы. Актуальная на сегодня политика soft power [16] в образе экономической экспансии активно вытесняет политику hard power, что требует в свою очередь качественного дипломатического обеспечения. [17]

В этом контексте необходимо отметить значимость таких переговорных площадок глобальных тенденций как Саммиты, форматы встреч G8 и G20, а также интернет-портал G-Global, инициативу создания которого была выдвинута Президентом Республики Казахстан Н.А. Назарбаевым на торжественном собрании посвященному 20-летию независимости Республики Казахстан. Идея G-Global получила широкую поддержку в политических, экспертных и деловых кругах, у мировой общественности. Практически все участники Астанинского экономического форума согласились с тем, что давно уже назрел момент формирования архитектуры нового мирового экономического порядка. При этом одним из новых принципов мирового порядка должно стать безус-ловное участие в глобальных процессах развивающихся стран. Глобальная толерантность и доверие должны стать базовыми факторами экономического развития. По новому проекту G-Global предлагается радикально расширить число участников в поисках антикризисных решений для мирового сообщества путем формирования виртуальной площадки, где и будет вестись обмен мнениями экспертов, ученых, представителей госорганов и ведущих международных организаций. В отличие от имеющихся ныне форматов, столь широкий спектр участников позволит найти возможные пути развития мировой экономики, которые были бы приемлемы также и для развивающихся стран, поскольку последние получат уже равный голос на обсуждениях. G-Global учитывает


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возросший уровень влияния геополитики, геоэкономики, а также негосударственных субъектов международных НПО, частных структур, транснациональных компаний, политику и граждан различных стран мира. [18, 20]

Таким образом, следует отметить, что синтез и баланс между экономическими и политическими интересами, а также постоянное развитие внутреннего экономического потенциала позволит странам увеличить необходимый для национальной экономики приток внешних финансовых ресурсов, создать стабильную внешнюю среду, обеспечить внешнюю безопасность, что в свою очередь позволит минимизировать масштабы как внешних, так и внутренних рисков. Кроме того, роль и масштабы переговорных пло-щадок способствует созданию благоприятных условий для поиска реальных прак-тически-применимых решений. В данном контексте публичная дипломатия имеет положительный тренд, который представляет основу для появления новых меж-дународных структур.

Использованная литература

1. Melissen, J. (2005): The new public diplomacy. Soft power in international

relations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Studies in diplomacy and international relations). P.221.

2. Anna Schwan Werbung statt Waffen Wie strategische Auβenkommunikation die Auβenpolitik verändert, 2011, S. 120.

3. William A. Williams: The Shaping of American Diplomacy, Chicago 1971. 4. Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S. 3. 5. President’s Address to Congress – a Replay to Herzling’s and Czernin’s Peace

Terms, in: Washington Post, 12.2.1918, zitiert in: Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S.3.

6. Diplomacy, Public and Private, in: Times, 14.3.1946, S. 5, zitiert in: Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S.4.

7. Walter Lippmann: Today and Tomorrow: Talking about Talking, in: Washington Post, 19.11.1953, zitiert in: Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S.5.

8. Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S.5. 9. Jan Melissen: The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice, a.a.O., 10. Nicholas J. Cull: “Public Diplomacy” Before Gullion, a.a.O., S.6-8; Jan Melissen:

The New Public Diplomacy: Between Theory and Practice, a.a.O., S. 2-10. 11. Gifford Malone: Political Advocacy and Cultural Communication. Organizing the

Nation’s Public Diplomacy, Lantham/New York/London 1988; Benno Signitzer: Staaten im internationalen System, a.a.O., S. 496-505.

12. Benno Signitzer: Staaten im internationalen System, a.a.O., S. 497. 13. Долинский А. Что такое общественная дипломатия и зачем она нужна

России? http://www.g20civil.com/ru/articles/1064/ 14. Brian Hocking Rethinking the “New” Public Diplomacy // Melissen, J. (2005):

The new public diplomacy. Soft power in international relations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Studies in diplomacy and international relations).p.221.

15. Shaun Riordan Dialogue-based Public Diplomacy: a New Foreign Policy Paradigm? // Melissen, J. (2005): The new public diplomacy. Soft power in international relations. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Studies in diplomacy and international relations).p.221.

16. Joseph S. Nye: Soft Power, in: Foreign Policy, 80, Autumn/1990, S. 153-171; Ders.: The Changing Nature of World Power, in: Political Science Quarterly, 105, 2/1990, S. 177-192; Robert Keohane/Joseph S. Nye: Power and Interdependence


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in the Information Age, in: Foreign Affairs, 77, 5/1998, S. 81-94. Joseph S. Nye: Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, a.a.O.

17. Апцаури Д. Лекция на тему: «Энергетическая дипломатия в Черноморском побережье вызовы, решения», Астана, 22.02.13

18. Система глобальной архитектуры: от G7 к G-Global, Независимый Казахстан, Информационно-аналитический журнал KAZENERGY, №4 (54), 2012.

Даржан Казбекова Докторант международных отношений, Академия государственного управления при Президенте Республики Казахстан

РОЛЬ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ В СФЕРЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Резюме В данной статье автор пытается рассмотреть публичную дипломатию с точки

зрения международной политической экономики. Учитывая актуальность современных тенденций, связанных с разрешением политических и экономических вызовов, как на национальном, так и на международных уровнях, государствам необходимо прос-читывать степень и глобальные масштабы рисков, которые имеют первостепенное значение в стратегии развития четкого и качественного менеджмента на всех уровнях деловых отношений с учетом реальных запросов экономического развития.

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teba mimzidveli turistuli produqtiT ganisazRvreba, Tumca turistu-

li produqti amave dros rTuli elementebis erTobliobas warmoad-

gens, esenia: 1. gadaadgilebis saSualebebi, romlebic fasdeba ufro metad maTi

ekonomikuri misawvdomobiT, vidre gadaadgulebis siCqaris Tvalsazri-

siT.

2. bunebrivi resursebi (haeri, mze, wyali da sxv): istoriuli, kul-

turuli, arqiteqturuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi, romelbsac SeuZliaT mii-

zidon turisti.

3. mowyobiloba (turistიs ganTavebis saSualebebi, restornebi da a.S).

am pirobebis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, warmoiqmneba mravali prob-

lema SesaZlo mogzaurobisaTvis [4]. mecnierebi aRqmas “Caweris” process uwodeben, romelic ganpiro-

bebulia adamianis wina gamocdilebiT. Ees gamocdileba damokidebulia gansakuTrebul indiviualizmze, geografiul da kulturul garemoze.

mecnierebi ganixilaven turistuli produqtis moxmarebisa da aRqmis 3 dones:

1. saerTo done – es aris principebi, romlebic saerToa yvela ada-

mianisaTvis, mag: mogzaurobis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis moTxovni-

lebada sxv. 2. jgufuri done _ principebi, romlebic saerToa im jgufis adami-

anebisaTvis, romlebsac axasiaTebT erTnairi niSnebi: religia, erovneba da a.S.

3. individualuri done – konkretuli adamianebis subieqturi ga-

mocdileba. mniSvnelovan gavlenas samyaros aRqmaze adamianis moTxov-nileba axdens, romelic mis individualizmzea damokidebuli.

SeiZleba gavaanalizoT turistuli produqtis aRqma sxvadasxva kategoriis mixedviT. Turistuli produqtis arss specialur literatu-

raSi ufro xSirad uwodeben produqtis birTvs an mTavar produqts. Cven upiratesobas vaniWebT gamoviyenoT termini “produqtis arsi", romelic mis aramaterialur xasaiTs (aRqmas) gamoxatavs [3].

turistuli produqtis universaluri gazomva damaxasiaTebelia tu-

ristuli bazris yvela subieqtisaTvis. produqtis arsi – produqtis kvinterencia, romelic moicavs turistebis yvela moTxovnas (magaliTad: moTxovnas dasvenebaze). SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi saxis produqti: rearearearea-

luri produqtiluri produqtiluri produqtiluri produqti – moicavs turistuli paketis yvela standartul ele-ments, maT Soris kveba, RamisTeva; gafarToebuli produqtigafarToebuli produqtigafarToebuli produqtigafarToebuli produqti – es aris yvela damatebiTi momsaxureba, romelic turistuli produqtis mimzidve-


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lobas amaRlebs; potenciur produqtspotenciur produqtspotenciur produqtspotenciur produqts Seadgenen is elementebi, romelbic momavalSi SeiZleba gaxdnen winadadebis komponentebi; fsiqologiuri fsiqologiuri fsiqologiuri fsiqologiuri produqtiproduqtiproduqtiproduqti – yvelaferi is, rac rCeba klientis tvinSi, turistuli pro-

dutis gamoyenebis Semdeg es SeiZleba iyos rogorc pozitiuri, ise nega-

tiuri aRqmebi. erTi da imave produqti sxvadasxvanairad fasdeba momxareblisa da

mwarmoeblis mier, romelTaTvisac misi Rirebuleba aRmoCndeba sxvadasx-

va [2]. aqedan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom yvela done turistuli produq-

tis aRqmisa, SeiZleba gavanawiloT or ZiriTad kategorias Soris. maT Soris pirvelia e.w. realuri doneebi, romelTac miekuTvneba realuri, gafarToebuli da potenciuri produqti. meore kategorias Seadgenen e.w. “fsiqologiuri doneebi”, romelTa Sorisac gamoiyofa produqtis arsi, aseve mosalodneli da fsiqologiuri produqti. Aam kategoriis aRqma emociurobiT ganisazRvreba.

aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom CamoTvlili aRqmebi sxvadasxva rols asruleben turistuli produqtis aRqmis sxvadasxva fazaSi. Aam fazebi-

dan SeiZleba gamovyoT: 1. moxmarebis faza – qmedebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gamgzav-

rebisTvis mzadebiT; 2. mogonebebis faza – e.w. produqtis eqo, romelic arsebobs moxma-

rebis dasrulebis Semdeg. aRniSnuli fazebis gamoyofiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom turisti sam-

jer miemgzavreba erTsa da imave mogzaurobaSi. pirvelad TiTiT mogzau-

robs ruqaze, meored realurad cxeniT patagoniis ugzoobaSi da mesamed aTvalierebs foto-albomebs [4].

aRniSnuli msjelobebis SedegebiT, Cven SegviZlia gamovitanoT Semdgomi daskvna:

turistuli produqti TavisTavad warmoadgens molodinebis, Sede-gebisa da STabeWdilebebis sistemas, romelbic warmoSoben sami mogzau-robis ganumeorebel kompozicias: realurs, winaswars da dasamaxsovre-bels.

saqarTvelosaTvis turizmis industriis mniSvnelovan nawils war-moadgens Sida turizmi. Sida turizmis specifikidan gamomdinare, Cveni mizani iyo gamogvekvlia Tu rogor aRiqvams adgilobrivi mosaxleoba saqarTvelos turistul produqts. migvaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi dasve-nebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli sezoni zafxulis periodia, rac turizmis tipebs Soris, zafxulis turebis aqtualobaSic vlindeba.

procentulad upirveles pozicias ikavebs kulturuli turizmis moyvaruli respodentebi, romlebic zamTris turebiT dainteresebulTa raodenobas 16% -iT uswrebs.

A aRniSnulma gamoklvevam cxadyo, rom dasvenebis raodenobiT Se-modgoma zamTari metad datvirTuli periodia.

kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, gamokiTxulTa 59,5%-ma gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi daisvena mxolod erTxel, Mmxolod 25,6%-ma orjer. das-venebis ufro intensiuri praqtika Tbilisis mosaxleobis gamokiTxulTa raodenobaSi mcirea. irkveva, rom vizitorTaTvis dasvenebisTvis yvelaze popularuli, SavizRvispira kurortebia. samwuxarod, qarTvelTa socia-luri mdgomareobis gamo maT ara aqvT Camoyalibebuli dasvenebis indi-vidualuri stili da arc dasasvenebli adgilis Secvlaze fiqrobs. isini dasvenebas soflad, sakuTar saxlebSi amjobineben. SeiZleba iTq-


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vas, rom sasurveli adgilebis mosanaxuleblad saSualo dReebis xangrZlivobaa 6 dRe. Aam periodSi isini daaxloebiT 156 lars xarjaven, Tumca ojaxis saSualo Semosavali 691 lars Seadgens. gairkva, rom respodentTa umravlesoba samomavlod dasvenebas megobrebis da axlob-lebis monaxulebis mizniT gegmavs.

TiTqmis ar aris moTxovna eqstremaluri turistuli protuqti-sadmi, rogoricaa magaliTad jomardoba, samTo laSqrobebi da a.S. Tumca dasasvenebel adgilebze ukmayofilebis yvelaze aqtiur mizezad gasar-Tobi adgilebis simcire dasaxelda.

saqarTveloSi turistuli vizitebis organizeba turoperatorebis daxmarebiT iSviaTobas warmoadgens. pirvel rigSi, amis mizezia is, rom mwiri informaciaa saqarTveloSi arsebuli turebis Sesaxeb, xolo meore mizezad SegviZlia davasaxeloT materialuri mdgomareoba. qarTvel damsvenebels ar aqvs formirebuli damsveneblis, rogoc momxmareblis fsiqologiuri xedva, is irCevs da kmayofildeba gamocdili, kargad da sazogadod aprobirebuli variantebiT da ar eZebs siaxles.

BBBBgamoyenebuligamoyenebuligamoyenebuligamoyenebuli literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura

1. birJakovi m. 2008. turizmis Teoria. Tbilisi. 2. Kotler PH. 2008. Marketing Management-Analisys, Planning, Implementation and

Control. Prentice-Hall Inc 3. Marketing Sustainable Tourism products – United Nations Environment Program.

Region of Toscana. 4. Качмарек Я.‚ Стасяк А., Влодарчик Б. 2008. Туристический Продукт.

Москва.

Nnino jerenaSviliNnino jerenaSviliNnino jerenaSviliNnino jerenaSvili

grigol robaqiZis univeristetis doqtoranti

turistuli produqtis aRqmaturistuli produqtis aRqmaturistuli produqtis aRqmaturistuli produqtis aRqma reziumereziumereziumereziume

turistuli momsaxurebis safuZvelze, momxmareblis moTxovnis

Sesabamisad iqmneba turistuli produqti, romelic rTuli da sxvadasx-vagvari elementebis erTobliobas warmoadgens.

turistuli produqti SeiZleba sxvadasxvanirad iqnas aRqmuli, rac damokidebulia im poziciaze, romelic mas uWiravs turistul ba-zarze.

mecnierebi aRqmas “Caweris” process uwodeben, romelic ganpirobe-bulia adamianis wina gamocdilebiT.


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Нино Джеренашвили Докторант

ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ТУРИСТСКОГО ПРОДУКТА

Резюме

Туристические услуги на основе требованию создан туристический продукт, Которая представляет собой сочетание различных элементов.

Туристические продукт может быть интерпретировано различный в зависимости от должности, которую он занимает на российском туристическом рынке.

Ученые восприятия, "пишут" процесс называется Обусловленные правам предыдущего опыта.

Nino Jerenashvili

Doctoral Student TOURIST PRODUCT PERCEPTION

Summary

On Tourist services based, requested by the customer, created tourism product, which is a combination of different elements.

Tourism product can be perceived differently, wich is depending on the position that he occupies on the travel market.

Scientists called perception "write" process, which is due to the previous experience.


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mniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocemamniSvnelovani gamocema

saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTasaqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTasaqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTasaqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiis akademiis akademiis akademiis samecniero Sromebis X tomisamecniero Sromebis X tomisamecniero Sromebis X tomisamecniero Sromebis X tomi

saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiam, tradiciisamebr,

ekonomikur movlenebsa da procesebSi garkveviT dainteresebul qarTvel mkiTxvels sul axlaxan Tavis wevrTa nafiqral-naazrevis,samecniero Sro-mebis krebulis saxiT gamocemuli, morigi X tomi SesTavaza. misi mTavari redaqtoria am akademiis prezidenti l. Ciqava, mecnier-redaqtori – aka-demikos-mdivani r. asaTiani, redkolegiis wevri - prof. r. kakulia, recen-zentebi - prof. i. ananiaSvili da ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori i. arCvaZe. wina tomebis analogiurad, es tomic moicavs rogorc Teoriul - meTodologiur, ise pragmatuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxTa farTo wres.

krebuli ixsneba am striqonebis avtoris statiiT: ,,saarsebo minimumi da racionaluri samomxmareblo kalaTa” [gv. 5-21], romelSic mkiTxveli pasuxebs ipovis iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: saarsebo minimumisa da raci-onaluri samomxmareblo kalaTis arsi, Semadgenel elementTa struqtura, praqtikuli mniSvneloba da sxv. dReisTvis saqarTveloSi dawesebuli saarsebo minimumi mkveTrad CamorCeba optimalur dones, rac ganpirobe-bulia masSi Setanili saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SezRuduli asorti-mentiT, maTi kilokaloriebis simciriT, inflaciis gauTvaliswineblobiTa da gaangariSebis moZvelebuli meTodologiiT. saarsebo minimumi unda iyos aTvlis wertili rogorc minimaluri xelfasis, ise xandazmulobis pensiis daniSvnisas, magram am funqcias es maCvenebeli jerjerobiT ver asrulebs. rac Seexeba racionalur samomxmareblo kalaTas, igi, minimaluri samomx-mareblo kalaTisgan gansxvavebiT, moicavs saqonlisa da momsaxurebis srul kompleqts, romelic saWiroa adamianis normalur materialur da kulturul moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisTvis. saqarTveloSi dadge-nili racionaluri samomxmareblo kalaTa [moxmarebis sagnebis raode-nobisa da struqturis TvalsazrisiT] arsebiTi naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba da Zireul srulyofas saWiroebs [gv. 20].

prof. r. asaTiani araordinarulad msjelobs krebulSi warmodgenil statiaSi: ,,saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba XXI saukunis meore aTeulis dasawyisSi” [gv. 22-39]. igi Tanamedroveobis erT-erT gamorCeul prioritetad marTebulad Tvlis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobas, romelsac safuZveli Caeyara XX saukunis meore naxevridan, anu im droidan, rodesac axali msoflio wesrigis damyarebis aucilebloba warmoiqmna. avtoriseuli SexedulebiT, ekonomikuri konversiis rangSi ayvanili reformebis gatarebis miuxedavad, dReisTvis saqarTvelos so-cialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mZimea, ramdenadac ar aris daculi ekonomikuri wesrigis CarCo-pirobebi da amis gamo seriozulad ferxdeba demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibeba.amis sailust-raciod teqstSi motanilia aseTi monacemebi : dReisTvis ,,saqarTveloSi registrirebulia daaxloebiT 10 aT. arasamTavrobo da 62 saqvelmoqmedo organizacia, Tumca, maTi meaTedic ki ar funqcionirebs. es organizaciebi, romlebic umTavresad [95%] ucxoeli donorebis dafinansebazea, oficia-lur dokumentebSi ,,samoqalaqo sazogadoebad” da mesame seqtorad moix-senieba, Tumca Zalze sustia maTi kavSiri sazogadoebasTan, rac garkveul-wilad amcirebs am organizaciebis legitimurobis dones [gv. 36].


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mdidari faqtobrivi masalis analizs emyareba da interesiT ikiTxeba prof. e.baraTaSvilis statia -,,ekonomikis globaluri transformaciis geopolitikuri aspeqtebi” [gv. 40-54]. avtoriseuli interpretaciiT, ,,XXI saukunis geopolitikuri modelis konstruqcia iRebs piramidis formas, romlis wverSia mmarTvelobiTi centri. igi Sedgeba atlantikuri civili-zaciis wamyvani saxelmwifoebisa da profiluri saerTaSoriso organiza-ciebisgan, romlebic emsaxureba mondializmis doqtrinas. am mmarTve-lobiTi centris infrastruqturas Seadgenen saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa tradiciuli subieqtebi - erovnuli saxelmwifoTaSoriso organizaciebi [gv. 53].

prof. a. abralava Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi aqtualuri problemi-sadmi miZRvnil statiaSi -,,globalizacia da msoflio ekonomikis trans-formacia 2000-ian wlebSi” [gv. 55-64] - mkiTxvelis yuradRebas amaxvilebs gan-viTarebis Tanamedrove etapisTvis damaxasiaTebel aseT momentebze: war-moebis dinamikaSi mimdinare arsebiTi cvlilebebi inovaciebsa da axal teqnologiebze aqcentirebiT; erovnuli meurneobisa da msoflio ekono-mikis dargobrivi struqturis Zireuli Zvrebi momsaxurebis sferos upira-tesi ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT; krizisebis gaRrmavebis kvalobaze, deregulirebis saerTo tendenciidan regulirebis tendenciaze gadasvla da a. S. [gv. 63].

friad sagulisxmoa prof. g. malaSxias statiaSi - ,,simdidris sikeTis

potenciali da sayovelTao keTildReoba’’[gv. 65-86] - gamoTqmuli mosaz-rebani imis Taobaze, rom ,,realur simdidred ar unda CaiTvalos yovelive

is, rac warmoebulia aragonivrul, arajansaR moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofi-lebisTvis, aseve, ar moixmareba racionalurad ... kacobriobis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi gamowvevaa simdidrisa da keTildReobis namdvili WeSmariti

azris gacnobiereba da praqtikaSi damkvidreba, rac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs

xels realuri simdidris warmoebis gadidebas, Seqmnili simdidris

potencialis srulad gamoyenebas, sayovelTao keTildReobis amaRlebasa

da siRaribis daZlevas [gv. 85-86]. prof. r. kakulia statiaSi -,,finansuri sistemis ganviTarebis prob-

lemebi saqarTveloSi” [gv. 87-105] - sabazro gardaqmnis mTavar ekonomikur meqanizmad miiCnevs finansebs da gamoyofs im problemebs, romelTa aR-mofxvra xels Seuwyobs Cvens qveyanaSi finansuri resursebis formirebis, ganawilebisa da gamoyenebis srulyofas. es problemebia: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis maRali done da inflaciuri procesebis gamwvaveba; finansuri bazris ganviTarebis dabali done; sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis xSiri cvalebadoba da misi funqcionirebis arasakmarisi xangamZleoba; regionebisa da TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis doneTa gamoTanabrebis uzrunvelsayofad finansuri re-sursebis realuri wyaroebis moZieba da maTze xangrZlivi vadiT mimagreba.

statiis avtors, dasavleTis mowinave qveynebis gamocdilebis ana-logiurad ,, mizanSewonilad miaCnia saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo biujetis formirebisas centraluri da TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis biujetebs So-ris Semosavlebis ganawilebas sauZvlad daedos ama Tu im gadasaxadis for-mirebaSi TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis monawileobis xarisxi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi qveynis mmarTveli organoebi gadasaxadebis moculobis gazrdaSi CaaxSoben adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativasa da stimuls [gv. 101-103].


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polemikuri xasiaTisaa da interesiT ikiTxeba prof. r. abesaZis sta-tia - ,,ekonomikuri ganviTareba da mewarmeoba” [gv. 106-114]. igi, kritikulad ganixilavs ra biznesisa da mewarmeobis kategoriebTan dakavSirebiT eko-nomikur literaturaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs, midis aseT daskvnebamde: 1. mewarmeoba SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc sameurneo saqmianobis gan-sakuTrebuli saxeoba, romelic aucileblad dakavSirebulia warmoebaSi siaxleebis [inovaciebis] ganxorcielebasTan; 2. cnebebi ,,biznesi” da ,,me-warmeoba” erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba ara mxolod imis mixedviT, rom biz-nesi SeiZleba iyos inovaciuric da arainovaciuric, aramed sxva niSnebiTac. amdenad am cnebebis gaigiveba ar SeiZleba; 3. sakanondeblo warmoebaSi termini - ,,mewarmeoba” SesaZlebelia Seicvalos terminiT - ,,sameurneo saqmianoba” [gv. 112].

am daskvnebis mimarT piradad me ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi maqvs, magram, Cvens praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli tradiciiT, aseT SemTxvevebSi saredaqcio kolegia ar zRudavs akademiis wevrebs TavianTi poziciebis Tavisuflad dafiqsirebaSi. amiT mkiTxvelsac vuadvilebT polemikaSi daubrkoleblad CarTvasa da sakuTari damokidebulebis naTlad gamo-xatvas.

prof. T. beriZe statiaSi - ,,ekonomikuri zrda da ekonomikuri ganviTa-reba: raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi gansazRvruloba’’ [gv. 115-122] – erTmane-Tisgan mijnavs am kategoriebs. avtoriseuli msjelobiT, pirveli gulisxmobs ekonomikis ganviTarebas misi warmoebrivi potencialis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, xolo meore aqcents akeTebs ekonomikis gan-viTarebis socialur Sedegebze. ekonomikuri zrda fasdeba mTliani Siga produqtis [m. S. mosaxleobis 1 sulze] realuri gamoSvebis maCvenebliT, xolo ekonomikuri ganviTareba ufro farTo cnebaa da gamoixateba iseT maCveneblebSi, rogoricaa : realuri Semosavali, ganaTlebisa da jandacvis done, ekologiis standartebis daculoba, infrastruqturis done da a. S. [gv. 119].

prof. s. pavliaSvilis naSromSi - ,,antimonopoliuri regulirebis Taviseburebani saqarTveloSi” [gv. 123-138] - daxasiaTebulia monopoliebis aRviraxsnili parpaSis negatiuri Sedegebi: fasebis zrda, myidvelTa yvlefa, uTanabrobis gaZliereba Semosavlis ganawilebaSi, monopoliuri fasebis dabali elastikuroba srulyofili konkurenciis fasebTan mimarTebaSi da sxv.

statiaSi naTladaa axsnili antimonopoliuri regulirebis aucileb-loba da misi xelSemSleli garemoebani saqarTveloSi. avtoris Sexedu-lebiT, antimonopoliuri samsaxuri unda iyos ara damsjeli organo saxelmwifos xelSi, aramed xelSemwyobi struqtura ekonomikur subieqtTa saqmianobis ganxorcielebaSi. amasTan, mkafiod unda gaimijnos antimono-poliuri samsaxurisa da maregulirebeli komisiebis funqciebi. antimo-nopoliuri samsaxuris muSaobas unda hqondes erTgvari prevenciuli xasiaTi [137-138].

qarTveli eris sulieri mamis - i. WavWavaZis nafiqral-naazrevi, m. S. ekonomikuri Sexedulebani da mmarTvelobiTi sistema mudmivad aqtualuri Temebia. amitomac ikiTxeba interesiT prof. m. kvaracxelias statia - ,,ilia WavWavaZe da TviTmmarTveloba” [gv. 139-150]. naSromSi uxvadaa motanili amonaridebi i. WavWavaZis nawarmoebebidan, saidanac naTlad Cans is, Tu rogor unda gavmijnoT erTmaneTisgan centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis gadasawyveti amocanebi. savsebiT viziareb mosazrebas imis


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Taobaze, rom adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis moqmedebis arealis opti-malur farglebSi gafarToeba qveynis warmatebuli winsvlis sawindaria.

prof. a. ToTaZis maRalprofesionalur doneze Sesrulebul naS-romSi - ,,saqarTvelos demografiuli ganviTarebis problemebi” [gv. 151-167] - Camoyalibebulia arcTu Soreul momavalSi mosalodneli demografiuli safrTxeebi: saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxovnobis mkveTri Semcireba; Sobadobis krizisul zRvramde dacema; mokvdaobis sagrZnobi mateba; mosaxleobis bunebrivi matebis TiTqmis SeCereba da depopulaciis pro-cesis dawyeba; migraciis procesebis masStabebis gafarToeba; bavSvTa mokvdaobisa da mkvdradSobadobis maRali done da sxv. Cemi azriT, kamaTs ar iwvevs avtoriseuli daskvna imis Taobaze, rom umwvavesi demografiuli problemebi saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze didi erovnuli satkivaria [gv. 166].

aqtualur problemas eZRvneba prof. d. ComaxiZis statia - ,,energetikis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi” [gv. 168-188]. aanalizebs ra saqarTveloSi ekonomikisa da eleqtroenergetikis ganviTa-rebis daubalanseblobis uaryofiT Sedegebs, avtori askvnis, rom ram-denadac qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis sasargebloa eleqtroenergiis warmoebisa da moxmarebis gazrda, imdenad saziano da damangrevelia misi Semcireba. am mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli aradamakma-yofilebeli mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, naSromSi Camoyalibebulia winadadebebi energetikis dargSi arsebuli problemebis daZlevis uzrun-velsayofad.

prof. n. WiTanavas maRalmecnierul doneze Sesrulebul naSromSi - ,,qveyanas sWirdeba agraruli meurneobis axali strategia [saqarTvelos agraruli meurneobis dRevandeli mdgomareobis ZiriTadi niSnebi da Taviseburebebi] - gv. 189-205, kompleqsuradaa ganxiluli agraruli meur-neobis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareoba, misi ZiriTadi niSnebi, Taviseburebebi da tendenciebi; gansazRvrulia mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi, romlebmac gamoiwvies sistemuri krizisi; SemoTavazebulia dargis ganviTarebis axali strategiis formirebis kon-ceptualuri da meTodologiuri midgomebi; dasabuTebulia agraruli meurneobis mdgradi da usafrTxo ganviTarebis grZelvadiani programis Sedgena-ganxorcielebis aucilebloba [gv. 204].

prof. T. kandelaki statiaSi -,,saqarTvelos sapatriarqo tyeebis sta-tusi” [gv. 206-217] - aanalizebs ra tyis resursebis sakuTrebis pluraliz-mis, gankargvisa da gamoyenebis mxriv Cvens qveyanaSi dReisTvis arsebul viTarebas, askvnis: saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sakuTrebis uflebiT da ara miCenis wesiT unda gadaeces monaster-eklesiebTan gaadgilebuli satyeo farTobebi, rameTu amiT sapatriarqo sruli pasuxismgebeli gaxdeba am tyeebis dacvaze, movlasa da aRdgenaze, agreTve, mdgradi metyeveobis sa-fuZvelze, tyeTsargeblobis warmarTvaze. araerTgzis dadasturebula is, rom samonastro-saeklesio da,,xatis tyeebiskk arsebobas aqvs didi sasuliero, ekologiuri, socialuri da ekonomikuri mniSvneloba [gv. 215-216].

rogorc prof. a. jibuti aRniSnavs statiaSi - saqarTvelos saxelm-wifo Siga vali” [gv. 218-234] - ,,damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, sabazro ekonomikaze gardamavali periodis problemebis gadasawyvetad, saqarTve-los mTavrobam daiwyo erovnuli bankis kreditisa da mosaxleobidan moziduli saxsrebis gamoyeneba. Semdeg amas daemata kerZo struqturebis, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis mimarT valdebulebebi da mosaxleobis


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anabrebis indeqsaciis Tanxebi. yovelive amis Sedegad qveyanas ukve 1992-1994 wlebisTvis daugrovda kolosaluri Siga vali. amasTan dakavSirebiT av-tori wers: ,,radgan qveyanaSi krizisis fonze Siga valis gastumreba ver xerxdeba, saWiroa gamoiZebnos Siga valis gastumrebis sakmaod realuri da uproblemo gza. kerZod, mevaleebma fulad gamoxatulebaSi dafiqsirebuli sakompensacio Tanxis nacvlad unda miiRon sakuTrebaSi miwebi, Senobebi, sxva uZravi qoneba, saxelmwifos aqciebi, sxvadasxva fasiani qaRaldebi da a. S.” [gv. 233].

prof. r. oTinaSvili statiaSi - ,,faruli ekonomikis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi” [gv. 235-252] - ganixilavs ra ekonomikis am formis arsebobis masStabebsa da zrdis tandenciebs, askvnis, rom igi Cvens qveyanaSi jer kidev sagrZnoblad aRemateba dasaSveb [5-6%] dones. amis argumentad avtori iSveliebs Semdeg garemoebas: saerTaSoriso praqtikiT, Crdilovani eko-nomikis masStabebis Semcirebas yovelTvis mosdevs cxovrebis donis gaum-jobeseba, rac CvenTan ar SeimCneva. amitom SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom faruli ekonomikis masStabebi radikalurad ki ar Semcirda, aramed insti-tucionalizaciis axal xarisxSi gadaizarda [gv. 251].

prof. b. nayofias statiaSi - ,,bankebSi sakredito riskebis marTvis sakiTxisTvis” [gv. 253-265] - ganxilulia sakredito riskebis marTvis Tana-medrove sistema da ZiriTadi principebi, riskebis kontroli dakreditebis procesSi, tipuri problemebis analizi, romelTa gadawyveta aucilebelia sakredito riskebis Tanamedrove marTvis sistemebis dasanergad. avtori sakredito riskis marTvis berketTa Soris gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs: sakredito portfelis diversifikacias, msesxeblis kredituna-rianobisa da finansuri mdgomareobis analizs, sakredito personalis kvalifikacias, kreditebis struqturirebas, kreditebis racionirebas, rezervebis Seqmnas sesxebidan miRebuli SesaZlo danakargebis dasafaravad da sxv. [263-264].

prof. m. carciZis naSromSi - ,,Sromis anazRaurebis organizaciis

srulyofis mimarTulebebi saqarTveloSi” [gv. 267-291] - xelfasis funq-cionirebis yvela aspeqtis mixedviT sazRvargareTis ganviTarebuli qvey-nebis praqtikis gaanalizebis, ganzogadebis, Sromis anazRaurebis moqmedi formebisa da sistemebis, ZiriTadi elementebis ganxilvis, maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis gamovlenisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebis safuZvelze, Camoyalibebulia saqarTveloSi Sromis anazRaurebis organizaciis srul-yofisa da xelfasis reformirebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi; seriozuli msjelobis sagania minimaluri xelfasis gansazRvrisa da misi regulirebis sakiTxebi; dasabuTebulia xelfasis reformirebisa da misTvis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnis aucilebloba [gv. 289-290].

prof. n. Toduas naSromSi - ,,saqarTvelos bazarze momxmarebelTa mo-tivaciis cvlilebis marketinguli kvleva” [292-311] - dadgenilia glo-balur ekonomikur krizissa da qarTveli momxmareblis Sinagan motivebs Soris kavSirebi, kerZod, gamovlenilia mosaxleobis Tu ra nawils Seexo ekonomikuri krizisi, raSi gamoixata maTze krizisis gavlena, rogoria krizisis Sesaxeb informaciiT daintereseba, saidan iReben isini informa-cias, rogor Seicvala samomxmareblo damokidebuleba saqonelTan mimarTe-baSi, ekonomiis romel meTods iyeneben qarTveli momxmareblebi calkeuli produqtis SeZenisas, romel produqtze ar gasweven isini ekonomias. naSromSi Seswavlilia momxmarebelTa damokidebuleba iseTi sasaqonlo kategoriebis mimarT, rogoricaa sasursaTo produqtebi, arasasursaTo


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saqoneli da momsaxureba. aseve, dadgenilia momxmarebelTa informire-bulobis xarisxi globaluri ekonomikuri krizisis Sesaxeb da mosax-leobaze recesiis gavrcelebis masStabebi.

aseTia mokled mimoxiluli krebulis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi. vimedovneb, rom mis avtorTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da SemoTavazebuli rekomen-daciebi saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis mier mainc gaxdeba erToblivi msjelobisa da saqmiani ganxilvis sagani, romelsac, Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, garkveuli dadebiTi wvlilis Setana SeuZlia qveynis ekonomikuri da demografiuli problemebis optimalur gadawyvetaSi.

leoleoleoleo CiqavaCiqavaCiqavaCiqava

saqarTvelos ekonomikur mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti


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informaciainformaciainformaciainformacia

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Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia acxadebs konkurss acxadebs konkurss acxadebs konkurss acxadebs konkurss premiis premiis premiis premiis mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso statiisaTvisstatiisaTvisstatiisaTvisstatiisaTvis. premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens . premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens . premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens . premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens maRalkvalificiuri JiurimaRalkvalificiuri JiurimaRalkvalificiuri JiurimaRalkvalificiuri Jiuri,,,, samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli momomomoTxovnebidan gamomdinare. Txovnebidan gamomdinare. Txovnebidan gamomdinare. Txovnebidan gamomdinare.

premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia 300 laris odenobiT.300 laris odenobiT.300 laris odenobiT.300 laris odenobiT.

************

2008 wlidan daarsda paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis samecniero Sromebis krebuli, romelic gamodis periodulad.

Sromebis krebulSi daibeWdeba mecnier ekonomistTa (mecnierebaTa doqtorebi, akademiuri doqtorebi) Sromebi, aseve, bakalavrebis, ma-gistrebis, doqtorantebisa da praqtikos ekonomistTa saTanado mecnie-ruli donis statiebi.

avtorTaTvis krebulSi statiebis gamosaqveyneblad moqmedebs Sem-degi wesebi: 1. krebulSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi un-

da iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.

2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wodebis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtro-nuli fostis miTiTebiT.

3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fon-tiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd eg-zemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri _ TIMES NEW ROMAN).

4. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected], [email protected] institutis xelmZRvaneloba da krebulis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-

SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:

q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 299-68-53.

paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutispaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutispaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutispaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis gamomcemlobagamomcemlobagamomcemlobagamomcemloba

qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze


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SSSSeRavaTian fasebSieRavaTian fasebSieRavaTian fasebSieRavaTian fasebSi gTavazobT nebismier sagamomcemlo saqmianobas:

• masalis akrefa, dakabadoneba, redaqtireba gamoicema:gamoicema:gamoicema:gamoicema:

• samecniero wignebi da naSromebi, enciklopediebi, leqsikonebi, cnobarebi

• perioduli gamocemebi (samecniero SromaTa krebuli, samecniero Jurnalebi, konferenciis masalebi)

• originaluri da naTargmni mxatvruli literatura, saxelmZRva-neloebi, sabavSvo wignebi, albomebi da gzamkvlevebi

• eleqtronuli dargobrivi Jurnalebi

misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14 222293 22 60; 93 22 60; 93 22 60; 93 22 60; 555551515151 10 07 0410 07 0410 07 0410 07 04. . . . el.fosta: el.fosta: el.fosta: el.fosta: [email protected]

Jurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebiJurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebiJurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebiJurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebi

1. JurnalSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi unda iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.

2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wo-debis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtronuli fostis miTiTebiT.

3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fontiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd egzemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri da rusuli TIMES NEW ROMAN).

4. JurnalSi statiebi gamoqveyndeba redaqciaSi maTi Semosvlis rigis mixedviT. redaqciis mier statiis warmodgenis TariRad CaiTvleba redaqciis mier saboloo teqstis miRebis TariRi.

5.5.5.5. statia, romelic srulad ar pasuxobs zemoT moyvanil moTxovnebs, redaqciis mier ar miiReba.

6. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected], [email protected] institutis xelmZRvaneloba da Jurnalis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-

SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:

q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 293-34-44; 599 97 01 03.


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Jurnali “ekonomisti”“ekonomisti”“ekonomisti”“ekonomisti” misamarTi: Tbilisi, 0105, g. qiqoZis q. 14; tel.: 293 34 44; 599 970103. E-mail: [email protected] Journal “Economisti” Edress: Tbilisi, 0105, Kikodze street, tel. (+995 32) 293 34 44; 599 970103 E-mail: [email protected]

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