electrical and instrumentation engineering for oil and gas facilities
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
1/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
Electrical and Instrumentation (E&I) Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
2/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
Power system
• Power generation plants are located based on fuelavailability
• Other considerations like water, pollution issues etc.
• Often they are in remote locations
• Loads are situated in population centers
• Transporting generated power to population centers for use
requires a power system
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
3/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
Why AC
• lmost the entire power generation andtransmission is by ! "alternating current#
• ! lends itself to voltage changes easily
• $oltage can be chosen for optimum efficiency andoptimum capital cost
• Thus better economy of power system operations
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
4/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
AC Wa!eform
• voltage or current in ! circuits varies cyclicallya number of times per second
• This number is called the frequency "%#
• The time for one cycle is thus &'%
• The variation follows a sine relationship and thewaveform is called a sine wave
• n electrical system can be of single or ( phase type
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
5/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
"ingle and three #hase generators
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
6/19
Technology Training that Works
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
$hree #hase AC
• )niversally adopted because of lower equipmentcost per unit power handled
• *elpful while interconnecting several generating
sources "the sources tend remain in phase or staysynchromised#
• Three phase ! motors "which account for most
of the energy used# have a simple design and areself starting
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
7/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Electrical Power and Energy
• +n ! circuitsPower-$oltage !urrent "/atts#
Energy- Power Time "/att *ours#
• +n ! circuits instantaneous voltage and currentkeep changing as they follow a sine curve
0 Power is computed using 1oot 2ean 3quare "123#
voltage and 123 current
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
8/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
AC Power• Fundamental %efinition of Power
• +n an ! circuit both are sinusoidal against time
• 3inusoidal $oltage and !urrent are defined in 123
magnitudes where4
8
)()()( t i t v t p ⋅=
2
peak rms
V V =2
peak rms I I =
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
9/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
"ingle Phase AC Power
TransmissionTransmission
9
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
10/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
$he Power $riangle
S
P
Q
φ
22 SP S +=
S
P r powerfacto == φ cos
φ cos5S P = φ sin5S Q =
)cos( factor power a=φ
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
11/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Formulae for Power
• A##arent #ower " - $5+• Acti!e Power P - $5+5!os f
• 'eacti!e Power - $5+5 3in f
• !os f is known as the Power %actor and f is the power factor angle
• The angle depends on the ratio of the
resistance to the reactance in a circuit
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
12/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
$y#ical $ransmission "ustation & transmission lines
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
13/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Power distriution
• istribution is done at lower voltage levels• istances are much shorter than transmission
• $oltage levels are typically (( k$ and less
• 6ulk of the consumers draw power at lower voltages
• This requires distribution at two different levels• istribution substations convert power from
transmission to distribution voltages
• /e will discuss the equipment used for T7 in the net
webcast
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
14/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
$hree #hase #ower networ*
• ll ! generation, Transmission and istribution isthrough ( phase systems 0 8ception4 3ingle phase'3/81 distribution systems
• )tilisation can be ( phase "motors and rectifiers fordrives, furnaces# or single phase "commercial andlighting#
• bility to transmit larger amount of power for a given
voltage'conductor volume• vailability of rugged ( phase cage motors with self
starting capability
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
15/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
%istriution e+ui#ment
• 3witching and isolation equipment 0 !ircuit breakers
0 isconnectors
0 !ontrol gear
• !onductors for carrying power
0 Overhead bare
0 Overhead insulated 0 )9 cables
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
16/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
"ustations
• facility incorporating 0 Transformers
0 3witching'isolation equipment
0 !ontrol'protection'measuring
0 uiliary power equipment
• +ndoor or Outdoor type
• ir:insulated or gas:insulated
• ifferent configurations
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
17/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Outdoor ,,- *. switchyard
($ransmission)
$y#ical indoor
distriution sustation
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
18/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
A /-- *. $ransmission line and
"tructure
-
8/17/2019 Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering for Oil and Gas Facilities
19/19
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
%O 0O1 WA2$ $O 32OW 4O'E
+f you are interested in further training or information, please visit4
htt#55idc6online7com5slideshare