elisa
DESCRIPTION
LABORATORIO CLINICOTRANSCRIPT
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ELISA LABORATORIO CLÍNICOMEDICINA HUMANA
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Recognise and bind to molecules (antigens) on foreign particles, marking them for destruction by T-lymphocytes.
Each antigen may generate several antibodies for different sites (epitopes) on antigen.
Antibodies Proteins secreted by B-lymphocytes (type of white blood cell), in vertebrates.
IgG molecule
Fab fragments
Fc fragments
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What is ELISA? Technique used to detect (assay) specific molecules
(e.g. proteins & carbohydrates) in samples.
Immunological technique: uses antibodies/antigens.
Quantitative/Qualitative.
Very sensitive.
Commonly used in medicine and scientific research.
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What is it used for?
• Measure antibody levels (allergies, vaccines)• Detect viruses (hepatitis, HIV, venereal
diseases)• Detect hormonal changes (pregnancy)• Detect circulatory inflammatory markers
(cytokines)
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Basic steps of ELISA Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
1. Antigen of interest is absorbed on to plastic surface (‘sorbent’).2. Antigen is recognised by specific antibody (‘immuno’).3. This antibody is recognised by second antibody (‘immuno’)
which has enzyme attached (‘enzyme-linked’).4. Substrate reacts with enzyme to produce product, usually
coloured.
Coloured product = measure (assay) of antigen present
Espectrofotómetro o un colorímetro
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ELISA• Los métodos de ELISA dependiendo de la
actividad enzimática se dividen en dos tipos:
Competitivos
No competitivos 21/03/2011 6Felix Apac Villanueva
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ELISA• ELISA COMPETITIVO:
En este método, el anticuerpo de la muestra va a competir con el conjugado por un número limitado de sitios de unión del antígeno. Habrá ausencia de color en una muestra positiva debido a que el sustrato no encontrará a la enzima porque el conjugado ha sido desplazado por el anticuerpo presente en la muestra.
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ELISA• ELISA NO COMPETITIVO: Consiste en enfrentar la muestra con el
antígeno o anticuerpo que está en la fase sólida. Si una muestra es positiva se formará el complejo antígeno-anticuerpo y al agregar el conjugado reaccionará con el respectivo sustrato desarrollando color.
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ELISA• Dentro de los no competitivos tenemos:
Directos •que detectan antígenos .
Indirectos •que detectan anticuerpos.
Sandwich •Doble (DAS).•Heterólogo (HADAS).
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ELISA Kits for AIV Ab Detection
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PASOS GENERALES DE UN ELISA
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PASOS GENERALES DE UN ELISA
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Gracias ... VOLVERA.
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