employment policies in hungary and in the european union
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Employment Policies in Hungary and in the European Union. Borbély-Pecze Tibor Bors, Ph.D . 2013-14-1 Semester 1/3 (topics 1-4). Main topics. Politics and policy, national and European policies: development of Employment Policy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES IN HUNGARY AND IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION
Borbély-Pecze Tibor Bors, Ph.D. 2013-14-1 Semester 1/3 (topics 1-4)
Main topics Politics and policy, national and European policies: development of
Employment Policy Employment Policy and the relation of other human policies such as
education, social &health policies Who makes policy? Development of the European Labour Market and development of
national and international employment policies Case study: The Hungarian Labour Market Hungarian Labour Market Policy under the European Employment Strategy:
How does OMC model work in practice? Changing role of the Public Employment Services in the changing labour
market (views of the ILO, OECD and EC: PES 2020 strategy) Development of the European Employment Strategy and previous
development at the European policy field –Commission White Paper on Employment….(1993)
New concepts of the international organisations and the European Union on labour market policy: flexicurity, employability, adaptability, partnership approach, multilevel governance, etc.
Role of the structural funds at delivering European and national employment policy goals
Three key issues for the essays
Topic 1. Development of the European Employment Policy as a policy, milestones between 1993-2013
Topic 2. Designing & developing policy loops in the field of employment policy: concrete case study with a chosen ALMP
Topic 3. Europe 2020 – European Semester: Country-specific recommendations and applications in national employment policies
1/3
Developing policies, development of the European Employment Policy
Politics & Policy There is a strong distinction in English and it is not
the case in German (Politik), French (politique) or Hungarian (politika)
E.g. in Hungarian we are creating artificial words: „pártpolitika”, „szakpolitika”
Politics (from Greek: politikos, meaning "of, for, or relating to citizens") is the practice and theory of influencing other people on a civic or individual level. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance — organized control over a human community, particularly a state.
A policy is a principle or protocol to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes (Wikipedia)
What is policy? „Policy is a concept which dominates our
understanding of the ways we are governed.” … party leaders facing an impending election
must have a clearly stated policy on all matters of significance.” e.g. education policy, employment policy industry policy etc.
It operates prospectively rather than retrospectively …
Policy; Coherent Hierarchy Instrumentality – has „policy objectives (2000:3-4) (These attributes also create the way how we can evaluate policies.)
(Colebatch 2000)
Further attributes of policy Authority : authorized decision-makers Expertise: policy requires knowledge both
of the problem area & of the things that might be done about it.
Order: policy implies systems and consistency, needs a structure
„…policy is made among people who know and trust one other” (2000:25) Community Linkage, networks
Where is it made?
Colebatch (2000:38) Policy
Three separate branches of government
Executive Legislature Judiciary
HungaryThe four independent branches of power in Hungary (the parliament, the
government, the court system, and the office of the public accuser) are divided into six bodies:
Parliament (Magyar Országgyűlés): elected every 4 years by the people in a highly complex, two-round voting system
Government (Magyar Kormány): installed and removed by 50%+1 basic majority vote of the parliament, 4-year terms
Supreme Court (Legfelsőbb Bíróság): Chief justice elected by qualified (2/3) majority of the parliament, no government oversight
Constitutional court (Alkotmánybíróság): members elected by qualified majority of the parliament for 8 years, this body nullifies laws and has no government oversight.
Chief public accuser (Legfőbb ügyész): elected by qualified majority of the parliament, 6-year terms, office budget fixed, no government oversight.
The President of the Republic (Köztársasági Elnök) is elected by qualified majority of the Hungarian parliament for 5-year terms (cannot be reelected more than once). He/she has ceremonial powers only, signs laws into power and commands the military in time of peace.Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers
What happens to policy? Policy decision Implementation Evaluation
Policy decision
Implementation
Evaluation
Policy making is even more complex at supranational levels
Policy formulation & delivery at supernational levels
http://www.regional.org.au/au/soc/2002/4/hine.htm
Labour markets: all about the supply & demand sides
Labour market inbalances Role of the governments (1947-1973) (
market failures) Keynesim http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes Welfare states
Role of the markets (1973-2008) (government failures) Neoliberalism, (origins: 1930s, reintroduce
1980s) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalism
Neoconservatives (NeoCon) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism Workfare states
FUTURE: 2020s; 2030s …. (failure of both?) Emerging role of the national governments?
OR/AND Global Agenda (e.g. G20; UN-ILO) Regional developments EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, UMA,
EU-USA (?) Sub-regions; Europe: e.g. V4 (HU, SK, PL, CZ);
Scandinavia (FI, SE, DK, NO,IS) , Baltic states (EE, LT, TV) etc.
Employment policy at global level
International Labour Organisation: ILO (1919, UN: 1946)
http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/lang--en/index.htm ILO: „LFS”(Labour Force Survey): key for
international comparison http://www.ilo.org/dyn/lfsurvey/lfsurvey.home
A Labour Force Survey is a standard household-based survey of work-related statistics.
http://laborsta.ilo.org
At the global stage (ILO C122) EMPLOYMENT POLICY
to promote full employment with a view to stimulating economic growth and development, raising levels of living, meeting manpower requirements and overcoming unemployment and underemployment.
This policy shall aim at ensuring that there is work for all who are available for and seeking it; that such work is productive as possible and that there is freedom of employment. Each worker shall have the fullest possible opportunity to qualify for and use his or her skills and endowments in a job for which the worker is well suited, without discrimination.
Employment policy shall take due account of the stage and level of economic development and the mutual relationships between employment objectives and other economic and social objectives, and shall be pursued by methods that are appropriate to national conditions and practices.
Finally, the Convention provides for consultation of representatives of persons affected by the measures to be taken, and in particular, representatives of employers and workers.
EU: The policies Overview of EU activities in all areas,
from agriculture to transport. Click on the links below for more information on the key issues for the EU in each area.
http://ec.europa.eu/policies/ Employment and social rights http://ec.europa.eu/policies/employment_socia
l_rights_en.htm
The rise of the European Employment Strategy (EES)
Maastricht Treaty (1992) paved the way for new policy-making, the OMC (Open Method of Coordination) model emerged
Amsterdam Amendments (1997) start of the EES Article 128: first time MS developed National Action
Planes (NAPs) the Luxembourg Jobs Summit (November
1997) launched the implementation of the new, open method of co-ordination embedded in Article 128 TEC and endorsed the first set of Employment Guidelines.
EES: policy loop at supranational level until 2010
Thank you for your attention!