Energy balances in Sweden

Per Anders Paulson

Swedish Energy Agency

History of the Swedish Energy Balances

• Quarterly balances since year 1975

• Yearly balances since 1987, but time series goes back to 1983

Target – to arrange the balances according to International recommendations

• UN/ECE

• OECD/IEA

• EU/EUROSTAT

Different accounts

• Balance sheets of energy sources

• Energy balance sheets

List of tables for annual Energy Balances in Sweden, year t-2 – year t-11:1. Balance sheet of energy sources, year t-2

2:2. Balance sheet of energy sources, energy conversion industries , year t-2

3:3. Balance sheet of energy sources, industry sector , year t-2

4:4. Energy balance sheet, TJ , year t-2

5:5. Energy balance sheet, TJ, energy conversion industries , year t-2

6:6. Energy balance sheet, TJ, industry sector , year t-2

7:1. Balance sheet of energy sources, year t-1

8:2. Balance sheet of energy sources, energy conversion industries, year t-1

9:3. Balance sheet of energy sources, industry sector, year t-1

10:4. Energy balance sheet, TJ , year t-1

11:5. Energy balance sheet, TJ, energy conversion industries , year t-1

12:6. Energy balance sheet, TJ, industry sector , year t-1

13. Stock changes year t-2 – year t-1

Balance sheets of energy sources

• expressed in original units in the primary statistics, mainly commercial units

• the production of derived energy commodities is recorded on the supply side

• also accounts which include specifications of input – output and energy consumption in energy conversion industries or industry sector

Energy balance sheets

• based on data primary recorded in the balance sheets of energy sources

• expressed in a common energy unit, TJ also accounts which include specifications

of input – output and energy consumption in energy conversion industries or industry sector

Items shown in energy balance sheets1.1 Inland supply of primary energy1.3 Import1.4 Export1.5 Changes in stocks1.6 Statistical differences (supply-level)1 Gross consumption of primary energy and equivalents2 Bunkering for foreign shipping3 Input for conversion into derivative energy forms (sources)1.2 Gross production by energy conversion industries4 Consumption by energy producing industries5 Losses in transport and distribution6 Consumption for non-energy purposes

Items shown in energy balance sheets, pages two7 Final inland consumption7.1 Agriculture, fishing7.2 Forestry7.3 Mining and manufacturing7.3.1 Industry statistics level7.3.2 Small establishments consumption (calculated)7.3.3 Other (non specified)7.4 Construction7.5 Government services7..6 Transport7.7 Other services7.8 Households (housing and other)8 Statistical differences (non-specified consumption)

Calculations and assumptions, page one

• Gross consumption = Inland supply of primary energy + Import(1.3) – Export(1.4) – Change in stocks(1.5) – Statistical differences(1.6)

• Wood, wood waste, sulphite and sulphate lyes, peat and wastes the total consumption for energy purpose is recorded as inland supply of primary energy

• The effeciency of the hydroelectric power stations has been estimated to about 85 percent

• Nuclear energy corresponds to measured heat released in reactors, which is recorded as inland supply of primary energy

• Bunkering for foreign shipping(2) covers supply to bunkers for seagoing ships of all flags. Supplies for international air traffic are evaluated as final inland consumption

Calculations and assumptions, page two

• Input for conversion into derivative energy(3) covers the input of crude oil and other feed stocks in refineries, coal for conversion to coke and coke-oven gas in furnace gas (100 percent efficiency in the conversion is assumed), electricity for pumping in pumping stations, the fuel consumption in conventional thermal power plants, heating plants and gasworks consumption of fuels for production of electric energy in industrial back pressure power stations an consumed nuclear fuel and utilised primary hydro power in nuclear power plants respectively hydro-electric power plant

• Production of derivative energy(1.2) is calculated gross i.e. including own consumption and losses in transmission and distribution

• Consumption by energy producing industries(4) covers the consumption of electric energy, fuel oils, gases etc. for the operation of power stations, thermal power plants, refineries, coke-oven plants and gasworks

• Losses in transport and distribution(5) covers losses in deliveries of electric energy, gas work gas, coke-oven gas, blast-furnace gas and district heating

Calculations and assumptions, page three

• Consumption for non-energy purposes(6) covers products that are used as input in chemical industries as raw material as well as other non-energy purposes

• Final inland consumption(7) covers all consumption not covered by titles 1 to 8

• The efficiency of the final consumption in not considered in the balance sheets. The quantities (recalculated to terajoules=1012 joules) as recorded under final consumption refer to the total energy actually consumed by the consumers including conversion losses

• Statistical differences(8) between total consumption measured from supply –side respectively actual consumtion statistics

Developments in the immediate future

• To move FAME and etanol into “Wood fuel, sulphate and sulphite lyes”

Developments planned in the future

• Only publication on website - will give new opportunities of how to compile data

• Add columns for renewables

• Show biofuels separetly

• Split waste into renewable waste and non-renewable waste

• Show heat pumps – development of methods for gathering statistics and for accounts

• Show waste heat – development of methods for gathering statistics and for accounts