eng 102sc toulmin
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
1/14
ENG 102 9AM
Ramage Chapter 4: The Logical Structure of Arguments
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
2/14
REAL WORLD LOGIC Dont use the word prov because Real-worldarguments seldom prov anything
The best that can be hoped for is to strengthen theresolve of those in agreement or weaken theopposition
Must be grounded in beliefs, assumptions, orvalues granted by the audience Are often unstated If these underlying assumptions arent shared the
writer has a problem
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
3/14
ENTHYMEME: THE CORE OF AN ARGUMENT An incomplete logical structure Its persuasiveness depends on an underlying
assumption or belief that the audience mustaccept
If audience is unwilling to supply the missingpremise, then the argument fails
Successful arguments depend both on whatarguer says and on what audience already hasin mind
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
4/14
THE POWER OF THE AUDIENCEWhat seems like a good reason to you may notbe a good reason to others Audience-based reasons means finding
arguments that are rooted in your audiencesbeliefs and values
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
5/14
TOULMIN SYSTEM THIS BASIC CONCEPTION OFARGUMENT INCLUDES SEVERAL ELEMENTS: A claim Based on some sort of evidence A warrant (common sense rules that people
generally accept as true) that explains how theevidence supports the claim Backing supporting the warrants Qualifications and rebuttals that refutecompeting claims
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
6/14
TOULMIN ARGUMENT Issue: What car should we buy? Enthymeme 1: We should buy this Hybrid car
because it is economical. Enthymeme 2: We should buy this used Volvobecause it is very safe. Enthymeme 3: We should buy this Mustang
because it is red. Does one of these arguments seem a little odd
or off-base?
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
7/14
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
8/14
TOULMIN ARGUMENT Assumption for enthymeme 1: We should buythe car that is most economical (Economy is
the major criterion we should use in selecting acar)
Assumption for enthymeme 2: We should buythe car that is most safe (Safety is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)
Assumption for enthymeme 3: We should buya car that is red (The color red is the majorcriterion we should use in selecting a car)
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
9/14
CREATING A TOULMIN ARGUMENT
Think of an issue question Create three enthymemes or solutions to the
problem
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
10/14
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
11/14
CREATING A TOULMIN ARGUMENT
Choose one of your enthymemes (solutions) Stated Reason (Why is this the best choice?): Grounds (What evidence would you look for?): Warrant (How does evidence support claim?
[Written as a common sense rule that peopleaccept as true]): Backing (write a specific benefit of online educationaimed at a specific audience): Conditions of Rebuttal (state opposite of claim andgive a specific example): Qualifier (Either still fully supports the claim OR notsure anymore):
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
12/14
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
13/14
TOULMIN ARGUMENTSee example on Weebly
-
8/13/2019 Eng 102SC Toulmin
14/14
FOR FRI Y Annotated Bibliography in APA 1 source
Include example of APA in-text citation with anattributive tag
Include example of APA in-text citation without anattributive tag Proposal brainstorm Rogerian dialogue Toulmin structure