logos -toulmin
TRANSCRIPT
What we talk about when
we talk about
Argument
Let’s start with an enthymeme
Women should be allowed to fight in US
combat units
1) They are physically capable.
2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.
3) This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.
Because...
1) They are physically capable.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
3)This would expand the opportunities for women in the military.
What is the implied assumption?
Because...
Stephen Toulmin
Terms:
ClaimReason
WarrantUsed to be called “implied assumption”
Example:
ClaimReason
Warrant
I shouldn’t have to take Algebra
because I want to be a lawyer
career utility should be the main justification for class requirements
Your Turn:
ClaimReason
Warrant
You should have to take algebra...
??????
??????
An Argument:
Cheerleading should be banned...because it depicts girls as sex objects
Warrant
Grounds
An Argument:
Cheerleading should be banned...because it depicts girls as sex objects
Warrant
Grounds•description of the uniform•video of suggestive cheerleading•Bring it On•MTV videos using cheerleading•professors of Media Studies quotes on cheerleading
So Far:
ClaimReason
Warrant
Cheerleading should be banned
because it depicts girls as sex objects
?????
So Far:
ClaimReason
Warrant
Cheerleading should be banned
because it depicts girls as sex objects
It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objects
So Far:
ClaimReason
Cheerleading should be banned
because it depicts girls as sex objects
It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objectsBacking
So Far:
ClaimReason
Cheerleading should be banned
because it depicts girls as sex objects
It is harmful for girls/society to depict girls as sex objectsBacking
Relevant evidence of loss of self-esteem, tendency towards teen pregnancy, and a society that does not respect the intellectual capabilities of women.
Almost Done
Two More terms:
Rebuttal
Qualifier
Two More terms:
RebuttalThe opposing argument against your claim
Two More terms:
RebuttalCheerleading should not be banned because it increases girls’ self-esteem
Two More terms:
The degree to which you are confident in your claim.
Qualifier
Two More terms:
Cheerleading should DEFINITELY be banned
Qualifier
Two More terms:
We should consider whether Cheerleading should be banned or discouraged.
Qualifier
Two More terms:
Cheerleading should POSSIBLY be banned
Qualifier
OK, your turn:
Warrant
Backing
Grounds
Reason
Claim
Rebuttal
Qualifier
OK, your turn:
Warrant
Backing
Grounds
Reason
Claim
Rebuttal
Qualifier
All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.