[eng] tutorial concrete for starters 2013

8/21/2019 [Eng] Tutorial Concrete for Starters 2013

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Scia EngineerConcrete for Starters



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documentation and/or the software.

© Copyright !"# Nemetsche$ Scia nv in cooperation with %oren Severy and &oshi

'emeiren. All rights reserved.



(able of contents

Starting a project ................................................................................................................. )

*efining the construction .................................................................................................... +

Applying the loads .............................................................................................................."!

aterials library ................................................................................................................."-

inear calculation ..............................................................................................................."

0esults ................................................................................................................................."1

Concrete 2 general ..............................................................................................................#

Concrete 2 theoretical reinforcement .................................................................................+

Concrete 2 A0* ...............................................................................................................

Concrete 2 chec$s ................................................................................................................#"

Concrete 2 3ill of reinforcement .........................................................................................#-

*ocument ............................................................................................................................#

Note 4 this manual is created with version type !".!.""- of Scia 5ngineer.



)

"* 3eam

Starting a projectStarting a projectStarting a projectStarting a project

Starting a new project

(o start a new project, one has to clic$ on NewNewNewNew , which can be found in the

toolbar. A new project will open in a new screen, namely Select New 6rojectSelect New 6rojectSelect New 6rojectSelect New 6roject.

3ecause calculations will have to be made, choose for the option Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis.

Ne7t the dialog bo7 6roject data6roject data6roject data6roject data will appear.

5ntering the project data

8n this dialog bo7, the general data of the project has to be entered 9e.g. name,author, etc.:. As construction type, choose for the option ;rame <=;rame <=;rame <=;rame <=, this leads to a



+

structure of which all nodes are fi7ed. Conse>uently, the user will be able to

introduce forces on the elements themselves 9(russ <=(russ <=(russ <=(russ <= implies structures with

hinged nodes, where forces can only be applied in these nodes:.

Additionally, the user can further specify the used materials. 8n this e7ample is

opted for Concrete C+/#!Concrete C+/#!Concrete C+/#!Concrete C+/#! and 0einforcement steel, type 3 +!!A 0einforcement steel, type 3 +!!A 0einforcement steel, type 3 +!!A 0einforcement steel, type 3 +!!A.

;inally, the calculations will be e7ecuted according to N3NN3NN3NN3N????5N NA 5N NA 5N NA 5N NA. Clic$ on the

@@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton to confirm the project data.

*efining the construction*efining the construction*efining the construction*efining the construction

(he "*?beam

(o determine the geometry of the structure, double?clic$ on StructureStructureStructureStructure in the ainainainainmenumenumenumenu option.

(he selected menu will open. 8n this project, there is chosen for a "* beam. (his

can be done through the submenu "* member B 3eam"* member B 3eam"* member B 3eam"* member B 3eam.

3ecause there is no section that has been defined yet, the window New crossNew crossNew crossNew cross????

sectionsectionsectionsection will open up automatically. (he beam in this project has a rectangular

cross?section. (o create this cross?section, one has to select 0ectangle0ectangle0ectangle0ectangle and clic$ the

Add Add Add Add buttonbuttonbuttonbutton.



-

Now the dimensions of this cross?section have to be entered. Choose the following

input parameters4

After entering the data, clic$ on the @ @ @ @ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton. As a result, this cross?section will

become available for the user in the CrossCrossCrossCross????sectionsectionsectionsection windowwindowwindowwindow.



(hen clic$ CloseCloseCloseClose.

Now it is possible to adjust the specifications of the beam. 8n this case, one has to

choose for a length of "! meters"! meters"! meters"! meters.

Confirm the input by clic$ing the @ @ @ @ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton. 8n the command line appears NewNewNewNew

beambeambeambeam 2 22 2 5nter point5nter point5nter point5nter point. (he insertion point here, should be the origin of the CS

9lobal Coordinate System:, this can be done by entering the 7,D?coordinates as

follows4

(he coordinates can also be entered, separated by a semicolon 9 E :. (o complete theinput, clic$ the 5sc5sc5sc5sc $ey$ey$ey$ey. ;inally, to deselect the beam, clic$ the 5sc5sc5sc5sc $ey$ey$ey$ey again.



F

(he beam will be displayed as follows4

0emar$4 through the button, other cross sections can be defined.

Adding the supports

Now the supports of the structure have to be added. (his is done by using the

option odel dataodel dataodel dataodel data B SupportSupportSupportSupport 2 22 2 in nodein nodein nodein node in the StructureStructureStructureStructure menumenumenumenu that is already

active.

8n the dialog bo7 Support in nodeSupport in nodeSupport in nodeSupport in node, one can adjust the details of the supports. At the

leftmost point of the beam, the beam is supported by a hinge, so the following entry

must be confirmed with the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton.



1

Select the appropriate node to add the previously defined support. (hen deselect by

double?clic$ing the 5sc $ey twice. (o add a sliding support at the right most point

of the beam, use the same method 9use other parameters: or clic$ on the icon

SSSSliding supportliding supportliding supportliding support.

;inally, the following output will we obtained4

0emar$4 Gith the buttons, located above the Command lineCommand lineCommand lineCommand line, the representation ofthe structure can be adjusted.

Chec$ing the construction

8n order to chec$ the construction, one can use the Chec$ structure dataChec$ structure dataChec$ structure dataChec$ structure data buttonbuttonbuttonbutton

. 3y clic$ing the Chec$ buttonChec$ buttonChec$ buttonChec$ button in the dialog bo7 Chec$ of structure dataChec$ of structure dataChec$ of structure dataChec$ of structure data, the

construction chec$ will be e7ecuted. Ghen there are no problems to be found, the

following output will appear4

(he structure chec$ can be closed, through the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton. Ne7t clic$ the CloseCloseCloseClose

buttonbuttonbuttonbutton in the submenu Construction to return to the ain menu. 8t is also possibleto use the following icon .



"!

Applying the loads Applying the loads Applying the loads Applying the loads

Creating the load cases

(he loads can always be divided into permanent and imposed loads. 8n this projectthere are # permanent loads and " imposed load, these are4

6ermanent loads

• Self weight of the beam

• Geight of the slab, located on the beam

• Geight of the finishing layer

8mposed load

•

Category 3 9offices:

(o apply the loads, double?clic$ the option oad cases, Combinatioad cases, Combinatioad cases, Combinatioad cases, Combinationsonsonsons in the ain

menu. 3ecause there are no loads yet defined, the dialog bo7 oad casesoad casesoad casesoad cases will open

automatically. Here, the user can define the characteristics of the loads. ;irst enter

the self weight of the beam as follows4

3y clic$ing the NewNewNewNew buttonbuttonbuttonbutton, the remaining permanent loads can be entered as well.

3e sure to select StandardStandardStandardStandard as oad typeoad typeoad typeoad type, when creating the permanent loads, other

than the self weight. ;inally, to add the variable load, insert following parameters.



""

(his e7ample concerns an office 9category 3:, therefore it is necessary to change the

load type by clic$ing . Choose for the option Cat 34 @fficesCat 34 @fficesCat 34 @fficesCat 34 @ffices.

Clic$ the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton to return to the dialog bo7 oad casesoad casesoad casesoad cases. 8f the necessary loads

are created, one closes the entry by using the CloseCloseCloseClose buttonbuttonbuttonbutton.

0emar$4 oad groupsoad groupsoad groupsoad groups determine the way the individual loads will be combined

with each other, when ma$ing load combinations.



"

0emar$4 oad cases can be adjusted through the option oad cases, Combinationsoad cases, Combinationsoad cases, Combinationsoad cases, Combinations

IIII oad Cases.oad Cases.oad Cases.oad Cases.

Applying the loads

(he submenu oadoadoadoad will open automatically. Githin this menu, all the different

loads can be applied. 3y clic$ing , the user can choose the proper load case. Scia

5ngineer will automatically calculate the self weight of the structure, therefore no

further attention needs to be spend on this load case. (he weight of the slab 9C9C9C9C 2

22 2

Slab:Slab:Slab:Slab: on the beam can be represented as a ine forceine forceine forceine force of "+ $N/m. (his can be done

by double?clic$ing ine forceine forceine forceine force 2 22 2 on beamon beamon beamon beam.



"#

8n the dialog bo7 ine force on beamine force on beamine force on beamine force on beam, the following parameters have to be entered4

Note that the value of the load is negative, this is because the load disposes of a

negative sense in the =?direction. (he SystemSystemSystemSystem is set to CSCSCSCS 9ocal Coordinate

System:, this means that all parameters are related to the coordinate system of the

structure. Choose 0ela0ela0ela0ela as Coord. definitionCoord. definitionCoord. definitionCoord. definition, hereby the values of 6osition 7"6osition 7"6osition 7"6osition 7" and

6osition 76osition 76osition 76osition 7 will be applied, relative to the beam. (he value !,!!! for 6osition 7"6osition 7"6osition 7"6osition 7"

will therefore propose the starting point of the beam, the value ",!!! for 6osition6osition6osition6osition

7777 the endpoint.

After clic$ing the @ @ @ @ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton, one obtains a graphical representation of the applied

load.

8n this e7ample, only ine forcesine forcesine forcesine forces occur. (his means all loads can be applied as

described above. C#C#C#C# 2 22 2 ;inishing layer;inishing layer;inishing layer;inishing layer has a value of ????-,1 $N/m-,1 $N/m-,1 $N/m-,1 $N/m and C)C)C)C) 2 22 2

'ariable load 'ariable load 'ariable load 'ariable load a value of ????1 $N/m.1 $N/m.1 $N/m.1 $N/m.



")

Creating the load combinations

(he load combinations can be created with the option oad cases, Combinations Boad cases, Combinations Boad cases, Combinations Boad cases, Combinations B

CombinationsCombinationsCombinationsCombinations, these will be generated according to the national anne7 N3N?5N

NA.

;irst, one has to create the combinations in the Jltimate imit State 9JS: as

follows4



"+

(his JS?combination contains all created loads, one can add this to Contents ofContents ofContents ofContents of

combinationcombinationcombinationcombination through the Add All Add All Add All Add All buttonbuttonbuttonbutton. (he user also has the possibility to add an

additional *escription*escription*escription*escription. Choose the type 5Ntype 5Ntype 5Ntype 5N????JS 9S(0/5@: Set 3,JS 9S(0/5@: Set 3,JS 9S(0/5@: Set 3,JS 9S(0/5@: Set 3, as this is the

permanent situation without any geotechnical effects. Confirm with the @ @ @ @ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton.

Ne7t, a combination for the Serviceability imit State 9SS: has to be created. (hiscan be done by clic$ing the NewNewNewNew buttonbuttonbuttonbutton en choosing the type 5Ntype 5Ntype 5Ntype 5N????SS KuasiSS KuasiSS KuasiSS Kuasi????

permanentpermanentpermanentpermanent.

(he created combinations can always be consulted in the dialog bo7 CombinationsCombinationsCombinationsCombinations.

Clic$ the CloseCloseCloseClose buttonbuttonbuttonbutton to close this window.



"-

0emar$4 through the behind 57plode to linear57plode to linear57plode to linear57plode to linear in the dialog bo7

CombinationsCombinationsCombinationsCombinations, all possible linear combinations will be generated from the selected

combination, in order to perform any chec$ups.

aterials libraryaterials libraryaterials libraryaterials library

(he characteristics of the used materials can be consulted and modified in the

materials library. (his option is located in the menu bar.

(he dialog bo7 aterialsaterialsaterialsaterials will open. All materials are listed on the left and thespecific characteristic on the right.



"

Any further calculations will be performed according to a parabolaparabolaparabolaparabola????rectanglerectanglerectanglerectangle

stressstressstressstress????strain diagramstrain diagramstrain diagramstrain diagram as (ype of diagram(ype of diagram(ype of diagram(ype of diagram for the material C+/#!.C+/#!.C+/#!.C+/#!.

Choose also for a 3i3i3i3i????linearlinearlinearlinear without an inclined top branchwithout an inclined top branchwithout an inclined top branchwithout an inclined top branch for steel 3 +!!A 3 +!!A 3 +!!A 3 +!!A. (o

obtain a graphical representation, clic$ after 6icture of Stress6icture of Stress6icture of Stress6icture of Stress????strainstrainstrainstrain diagramdiagramdiagramdiagram.

inear calculationinear calculationinear calculationinear calculation

After creating and applying the loads, the construction needs to be calculated. (his

is done through . A new dialog bo7, ;5 analysis;5 analysis;5 analysis;5 analysis, will appear. 6erform a linear

calculation by clic$ing the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton.



"F

After performing this linear calculation, Scia 5ngineer reports the end of the

calculation4

Clic$ the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton to close this window.



"1

0esults0esults0esults0esults

After completing the calculation, the user gains access to the 0esults0esults0esults0esults menu.menu.menu.menu.

0eaction forces

(hrough 0esults B0esults B0esults B0esults B Supports B 0eactionsSupports B 0eactionsSupports B 0eactionsSupports B 0eactions, the reaction forces at the supports can be

determined.

8n the 6roperties6roperties6roperties6roperties windowwindowwindowwindow, the user can adjust any settings. (o display the reaction

forces in the =?direction, choose as 'alues 'alues 'alues 'alues for 0D0D0D0D. 3e sure CombinationsCombinationsCombinationsCombinations are set toJSJSJSJS????6erma6erma6erma6ermanentnentnentnent.



!

Ne7t, to visualiDe the reaction forces, according to the chosen properties, clic$

, located behind 0efresh0efresh0efresh0efresh.

(he result will be shown as follows4

(he results in SSSSSSSS, following result will be obtained4



"

8nternal forces

(hrough 0esults B0esults B0esults B0esults B 3eams B 8nternal forces on beam3eams B 8nternal forces on beam3eams B 8nternal forces on beam3eams B 8nternal forces on beam, the internal forces can be

re>uested.

8n the 6roperties,6roperties,6roperties,6roperties, the user has to select the appropriate properties4



(he results will be visible after clic$ing , behind 0efresh0efresh0efresh0efresh. ;ollowing internal

forces will be given, in case of the JSJSJSJS4

And for the SSSSSSSS4



#

ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 generalgeneralgeneralgeneral

(hrough the ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete menumenumenumenu in ain menu, the user has the ability to perform

specific concrete related chec$ups.

(o adjust the properties of a concrete element, consult the option "* member"* member"* member"* member BBBB

ember dataember dataember dataember data.

(he concrete element, of which the properties need to be changed, has to be

selected. (his is indicated in the command line.



)

(he dialog bo7 Concrete "* dataConcrete "* dataConcrete "* dataConcrete "* data will open. After tic$ing the Advanced mode Advanced mode Advanced mode Advanced mode, the

user can perform several adjustments concerning the characteristics of the selected

element. (hese adjustments need to be done as follows4

After clic$ing the @@@@ buttonbuttonbuttonbutton, a label will appear ne7t to the concrete member. 3y

selecting this label, the properties can be consulted or changed.

0emar$4 the user is also able to change the overall settings of all the different

elements through the *esign defaults*esign defaults*esign defaults*esign defaults. However these changes will not affect the

elements that have been provided with member data.



+

ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 theoretical reinforctheoretical reinforctheoretical reinforctheoretical reinforcementementementement

(hrough the option "* member B ember design"* member B ember design"* member B ember design"* member B ember design 2 22 2 *esign*esign*esign*esign, several aspects of the

theoretical reinforcements can be calculated.

Choose the following options in the properties window4



-

3y choosing As total re>. As total re>. As total re>. As total re>. and clic$ing , Scia 5ngineer will calculate the

reinforcement that is needed to resist the internal forces LmmM.

3y clic$ing behind 6review6review6review6review, more details will be shown in a table.

0emar$4 by tic$ing 6rint e7planation of errors6rint e7planation of errors6rint e7planation of errors6rint e7planation of errors, any errors 95: or warning 9G: willbe e7plained.

0emar$4 by selecting As user defined As user defined As user defined As user defined or As As As As add. re>.add. re>.add. re>.add. re>., respectively the

reinforcement added by the user and the e7tra reinforcement that is needed will be

given.



ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 A0* A0* A0* A0*

(he user is also able to calculate and apply automatically the practical

reinforcement.

,ember data

Githin "* member"* member"* member"* member I Automatic member reinforcement design I ember dataI Automatic member reinforcement design I ember dataI Automatic member reinforcement design I ember dataI Automatic member reinforcement design I ember data, the

user is able to determine the a7imal numbers of bigger diameters thana7imal numbers of bigger diameters thana7imal numbers of bigger diameters thana7imal numbers of bigger diameters than thethethethe

default diameterdefault diameterdefault diameterdefault diameter 8n this e7ample, the value for this option is e>ual to . 3ecause

there is already chosen for a diameter of +,! mm, Scia 5ngineer will try to

implement reinforcement bars with diameters varying from +,!, F,! and #,!

mm.



F

After confirming the properties, the selected element will obtain another label.

0einforcement design

(hrough "* member"* member"* member"* member I Automatic member reinforcement design I 0einforcementI Automatic member reinforcement design I 0einforcementI Automatic member reinforcement design I 0einforcementI Automatic member reinforcement design I 0einforcement

designdesigndesigndesign, one can calculate the actual reinforcement, after entering the correct

parameters and confirming these by clic$ing the 0efresh0efresh0efresh0efresh button.button.button.button.

(he following output will be displayed4



1

0emar$4 8t is possible to display the reinforcement bars in a more realistic manner

by changing the properties in the Set view parameters for allSet view parameters for allSet view parameters for allSet view parameters for all option.

ore specifically by changing the settings in the ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 tabtabtabtab as follows4



#!

5ventually, the reinforcement bars will be displayed li$e this4

0emar$4 by using the following buttons , the user is

able to change the view or to Doom in and out.



#"

ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 chec$schec$schec$schec$s

Capacity chec$ 9JS:

(he capacity chec$ is performed in order to chec$ whether the interaction betweenthe normal force N and the bending moments y and D is located within the fi7ed

boundaries. (his chec$ determines the efficiency of the added reinforcement and is

e7ecuted through the option "* m"* m"* m"* memberemberemberember I ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of non????

prestressed concreteprestressed concreteprestressed concreteprestressed concrete IIII Chec$Chec$Chec$Chec$ ccccapacityapacityapacityapacity.

Choose for the properties as shown below4



#

After refreshing, the output will be as follows4

0emar$4 the output will be the ma7imum value, which has to be smaller than " in

order to be correct. A correct output will be displayed in green.

(he results of each cross section can be observed by clic$ing , behind SingleSingleSingleSingle

Chec$Chec$Chec$Chec$. (he command line will as$ the user to select the member of which the crosssection will be analyDed.

0emar$4 it is necessary to clic$ CalculationCalculationCalculationCalculation, in order to obtain the output as shown

above. (he user is also able to choose the e7act position of the cross section, as well

as to scroll through the results by using the tabs.



##

0esponse chec$ 9JS:

(his chec$ is e7ecuted in order to ma$e sure the stresses, in both concrete and

reinforcement steel, do not e7cess their limit values. (he chec$ can be performed

through "* member"* member"* member"* member I emberI emberI emberI ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonchec$ I Chec$ of nonchec$ I Chec$ of nonchec$ I Chec$ of non????prestressed concrete I Chec$prestressed concrete I Chec$prestressed concrete I Chec$prestressed concrete I Chec$

responseresponseresponseresponse.

Select the following settings in the properties window4



#)

After clic$ing the 0efresh0efresh0efresh0efresh buttonbuttonbuttonbutton, the following output will be obtained4

(he user is also able to re>uest a 6review6review6review6review and to perform a Single Chec$Single Chec$Single Chec$Single Chec$.

Crac$ control 9SS:

Scia 5ngineer also offers the opportunity to chec$ the construction for possible

crac$s. (his is done with the option "* member"* member"* member"* member I ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of nonI ember chec$ I Chec$ of non????

prestressed concrete I Crac$ controlprestressed concrete I Crac$ controlprestressed concrete I Crac$ controlprestressed concrete I Crac$ control.



#+

(he properties should be changed as shown below4

a$e sure to choose the option Asuser Asuser Asuser Asuser, this value is e>ual to the previously added

reinforcement during the A0*. After clic$ing the 0efresh button, the output will

be as follows4

(he user is also able to re>uest a 6re6re6re6reviewviewviewview and to perform a Single Chec$Single Chec$Single Chec$Single Chec$.



#-

ConcreteConcreteConcreteConcrete 2 22 2 3ill of reinforcement3ill of reinforcement3ill of reinforcement3ill of reinforcement

(he length and mass of the added reinforcement can be re>uested through the

option "* member"* member"* member"* member I Sa(O*etails I 3ill of reinforcementI Sa(O*etails I 3ill of reinforcementI Sa(O*etails I 3ill of reinforcementI Sa(O*etails I 3ill of reinforcement.

After refreshing the following properties, the user will be able to view the output4



#

*ocument*ocument*ocument*ocument

All re>uired results can be put together in one document. (his function can be

activated in the ain menu.

3y clic$ing , the re>uired results can be selected. (hese will be included in

the *ocument. 8n the dialog bo7 New document itemNew document itemNew document itemNew document item, all items are summed up.

(hese can be added by the user by clic$ing . 3y adding for e7ample

0esults I 8nternal forces on member0esults I 8nternal forces on member0esults I 8nternal forces on member0esults I 8nternal forces on member, the following output will be obtained4



0emar$4 in order to gain more insight, it is useful to add the Combination $eyCombination $eyCombination $eyCombination $ey.

[eng] tutorial concrete for starters 2013

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