Engineering Applications Review(using Technology: Engineering and Design)

Will Bennett

3 Major Roles of Engineering and Design Teams (page 46)

• Contributors• Encouragers• Team Leaders

Define criteria and constraints (page 46)

• Criteria – Standards that a product must meet to be accepted

• Constraints – Restrictions on a product

5 Guidelines in Setting Team Goals (pages 46-57)

• Be specific• Make the goal measurable• Be sure the goal can achieved• Be sure the goal supports any larger goals• Be realistic about the time required to meet

the goal

4 Ways Teams Reach Consensus (page 47)

• Leader can decide• Member with most knowledge decides• A vote• All opinions are heard, agreement arrived at

by most people directly involved

5 Ways Conflicts can be Resolved (page 49)

• Describe the problem in a respectful way• Suggest a possible solution that will be

beneficial and satisfactory• Have each member evaluate the other’s

suggestion• Attempt a compromise• Try to find new solution

4 Important Employability Skills (blue headings pages 50-52)

• Personal Qualities• Thinking Skills• Interpersonal skills• Work Ethic

7 Personal Qualities Employers Look For (page 50)

• Psitive Attitude• Ethics• Responsibility• Initiative• Willingness to learn• Commitment to quality• Personal Appearance

4 Ways Specific Skills can be Learned (page 53)

• Occupational training• Technical school programs• Community college programs• Four-year college programs

What is a “self-assessment” (page 54)

• Considering your interests, abilities, and values when choosing a career.

What is an “entrepreneur”? (page 55)

• Someone who starts a business

Four Steps in Applying for a Job (page 55)

• Prepare a resume and/or portfolio• Contact the organization• Fill out an application• Come in for an interview

Define critical thinking, analysis, and synthesis and evaluation (pages 62-63)

• Critical thinking – Abstract thinking• Analysis – Breaking a subject into parts• Synthesis – Putting things together to from an

idea or product

What is human factors engineering? (page 63)

• Design of equipment and environments to promote human health, safety, and well-being

10 Steps in the Engineering Design Process (pages 66-69)

• Define the problem• Brainstorm, research, and generate ideas• Identify criteria and specify constraints• Develop and propose designs and choose among alternate

solutions• Implement solution• Make a model• Evaluate solution and consequences• Refine the design• Create final design• Communicate the processes and results

Steps in the Problem Solving Process (pages 69-70)

• State the problem clearly• Collect info• Develop possible solutions• Select best solution• Implement solution• Evaluate solution

Steps in The Scientific Method (page 71)

• Make observation• Collect info• Form hypothesis• Perform experiment• Analyze results• Repeat to make sure results are consistent

Define “graphic communication” (page 135)

• Field of technology that involves the sending of messages and other info using visuals

6 Principles of Design (green headings on pages 136-138)

• Balance• Proportion• Emphasis• Variety• Rhythm• Unity/Harmony

Describe “Relief Printing” (page 140)

• Images are printed from a raised surface

Describe “Porous Printing” (pages 140-141)

• Ink or bye is passed through an image plate or stencil and transferred onto substrate

Describe “Planographic Printing” (page 141)

• Transfer of a message from a flat surface

Describe “Gravure Printing” (pages 142)

• Images are transferred from plates that have sunken areas

Describe “Electrostatic Printing” (pages 142-143)

• Charged toner is attracted to oppositely charges image area

Describe “Photographic Printing” (pages 143)

• Light is projected through a plate onto light-sensitive material

Describe “Inkjet Printing” (pages 143)

• Ink jets spray ink onto substrate

Describe “Laser Printing” (pages 144)

• Just about the same as electrostatic

Why is drafting called “the universal language” (page 151-152)

• Any person who understands the basic symbol can understand the message

Define “Multi-view Drawing”. What are the 6 possible views? (page 152)

• Top• Bottom• Right• Left• Front• rear

3 Types of Pictorial Drawings (page 154)

• Isometric• Oblique• Perspective

Define “Isometric” (page 154)

• Object is tilted 30 degrees forward and rotated 30 degrees so edges for equal angles

Define “Oblique” (page 154)

• Perfect, undistorted view of an object

Define “Perspective” (page 154)

• Visualize how an object would appear in real life

What is CAD? (page 155)

• Computer-aided drafting

What are the 3 types of 3D models? (pages 156-157)

• Wireframe• Surface• Solid

Define “energy” and “work” (page 165)

• Energy – capacity to do work• Work – using force to act on an object

The 6 Basic Forms of Energy (pages 168-170)

• Mechanical• Thermal• Radiant (Light)• Chemical• Electrical• Nuclear

Define “power” (page 170)

• Measure of work done over a certain period of time

3 Forms of Power Commonly Used in Technology (page 171)

• Mechanical• Electrical• Fluid

Formula for Measuring Work (page 176)

• Work=weight(pounds)*distace(feet)

Formula for Measuring Power (page 176)

• Hp=weight(lbs.)xdistance(ft.)/secondsX550

Formula for Measuring Force (page 177)

• Work=force X distance

Formula for Measuring Torque (page 178)

• Toque=force(lbs.)Xradius(ft.)

Formula for Measuring Pressure(page 178)

• Pressure=force/area

Define amperage, voltage, and resistance (pages 179-180)

• Amperage – rate at which current flows• Voltage – pressure that pushed current• Resistance – opposition to flow of current

What is Ohm’s Law? Define and provide the formula. (page 180)

• It takes one volt to force one amp of current through a resistance of one ohm

• Voltage=Amperager x resistance

What is meant by “exhaustible source of energy”? Give 4 examples (blue headings

pages 187-190)• Those that cannot be replace• Coal• Oil• Natural Gas• Uranium

What is meant by “renewable source of energy”? Give 5 examples (blue headings

pages 193-194)• Those that can be use indefinitely if they are

properly managed and maintained• Ethanol• Methanol• Biodiesel fuel• Waste products• Wood

What is meant by “inexhaustible source of energy”? Give 8 examples (blue headings

pages 195-201)• Those that will always be available• The sun• Flowing water• Wind• Ocean tides• Ocean heat• Solar salt ponds• Earth heat• Hydrogen

Define “mechanical advantage” (page 208)

• The multiplication of human strength by machine

List the six simple machines(page 208)

• Lever• Wheel and axle• Pulley• Inclined plane• Wedge• screw

Describe a “lever” and find a picture of an example of one (page 208 and online)

• Bar that rests on a pivot point

Describe a “Wheel and Axle” and find a picture of an example of one

(page 208 and online)• A rod or shaft attached

to a wheel

Describe a “Pulley” and find a picture of an example of one

(pages 208-209 and online)• Like a wheel that turns

around an axis

Describe a “Inclined Plane” and find a picture of an example of one

(page 210 and online)• A sloping surface

Describe a “Wedge” and find a picture of an example of one

(page 210 and online)• Two or more inclined

planes meeting at a point

Describe a “Screw” and find a picture of an example of one

(page 211 and online)• Inclined plane cut in a

spiral around a shaft

What is “Boyle’s Law”? (page 213)

• If pressure of a gas increases, volume decreases provided the temperature stays the same

Define “pneumatics” (page 214)

• Gases are compressed and pressurized, and moved through pipes.

Define “hydraulics” (page 214)

• Liquids are pumped through pipes to apply a force on something

Define AC and DC (pages 216-217)

• Direct Current – Electrons flow in one direction

• Alternating current – direction of electron flow alternates

Define “series circuit” and “parallel circuit” (page 218)

• Series – Electricity flows along a single path to more than one device

• Parallel – electricity flows along more than one path

List the bulleted points for the Safe Use of Electric Power Tools (second column under

“Working Safely” on page 554)• No loose clothing• No gloves• Appropriate personal protective equipment• Never set it down when running or coasting• Keep fingers of the start switch• Be sure machines are off when you approach• Secure the work piece• Disconnect the power source before changing accessories• Keep tools as sharp and clean as possible• Tell teacher immediately if the machine if faulty

List the bulleted points Hand Tool Maintenance (1st column of page 557)

• Keep tools sharp• Check for defects• Keep surfaces clean• Check moving parts• Check for loose handles• Check wood handles for splinters• Clean the tool following use• Lubricate parts that require it• Preserve wood handles• Store tools in proper places• Store sharp tools in a safe place

List the bulleted points Power Tool Maintenance (2nd column of page 557)

• Keep tools sharp• Check for defects• Keep surfaces clean• Check moving parts• Check for loose handles• Check for broken plugs or lugs• Check for split insulation or damaged cords• Disconnect and clean the tool following use• Lubricate parts that require it• Store tools in proper places• Store sharp tools in a safe place

Information Provided on a Material Safety Data Sheet (bold print on page 559)

• Identity• Physical and chemical characteristics• Physical hazards• Health hazards• Limit of safe exposure• Carcinogenic• Precautions for safe handling• Control measures• Emergency and first aid procedures• Date• Contact info

6 Safety Color Codes and Their Meanings (page 560)

• Red – danger, stop, emergency• Orange – Be on guard• Yellow – Caution• White – Storage• Green – First aid• Blue – Information or caution

Define tensile strength and compressive strength (page 577)

• Tensile – Pulling apart• Compressive – Pushing together

Define ductility (page 577)

• Ability to be formed

Define elasticity (page 577)

• Ability to return to original shape after being puled or pushed

Define hardness (page 577)

• Ability to resist denting and scratching

Define conductivity (page 577)

• Ability to allow the flow of heat or electricity

List and define the 5 most important types of lines (page 591)

• Object – visible lines• Hidden – Where one would be if you could see

through the object• Dimension – Lines with dimension written in

the center• Extension – Boundaries of are being measured• Leader – Give info or to dimension interior

details, like holes