english-sound-system.ppt ( grammar )

7/27/2019 English-Sound-System.ppt ( grammar )

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ENGLISH SOUND SYSTEM

Prepared by: Aimi, Eqa, Arifah


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Pronunciation Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is

spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word. If someone is said to have "correct pronunciation," then itrefers to both within a particular dialect.

A word can be spoken in different ways by variousindividuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the area in which they grew up, the area in which they now live, if they have a speech or voice disorder their ethnic group,

their social class, or their education.


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Examples: accept (not except) Arctic (not Artic)

ect cetera (not eck cetera) escape (not exscape) especially (not expecially)

espresso (not expresso) February (not Febuary)


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Enunciation In phonetics, enunciation is the act of speaking.

Good enunciation is the act of speaking clearly andconcisely.

One type of enunciation error stems from dropping

off the ends of words, especially "ing," "ed," "d,""p," or "t." For example : "Stopped" becomes "stop . Other times, we might muddle the middle of

words by replacing sharper sounds (like "t'") withsofter sounds (like "d") because the softer soundsrequire less muscle energy.

For example : "Butter" might become "budder."


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Stress In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be

given to certain syllables in a word Stress is most dramatically realized on focussed or accented

words. For instance, consider the dialogue

"Is it brunch tomorrow?" "No, it's dinner tomorrow."

In it, the stress-related acoustic differences between thesyllables of "tomorrow" would be small compared to thedifferences between the syllables of " dinner ", theemphasized word. In these emphasized words, stressedsyllables such as " din " in " din ner" are louder and longer.


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Intonation

Intonation is the "music" of a language, and isperhaps the most important element of a

good accent.


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Consonant Sounds

What are consonant sounds? There are 44 sounds (19 + 25) that make up the sounds of

our English language. 19 of the sounds we refer to as vowel sounds (because they

use the vowels a, e, i, o, u or make the sounds of ourvowels) 25 of the sounds we refer to as consonant sounds Each individual sound is sometimes referred to as a

grapheme or phoneme . We use the letters of the alphabet to write sounds down. There are over 70 ways to spell these sounds, which we

refer to as phonograms.


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/b/ as in bib /d/ as in pond /f/ as in laugh /g/ as in pig

/h/ as in hop /j/ as in jam /k/ as in king /l/ as in hall

/m/ as in thumb /n/ as in pen /p/ as in pop /r/ as in car

/s/ as in sent /t/ as in tent /v/ as in hive /w/ as in window

/y/ as in yell /z/ as in zip /ch/ as in chip /sh/ as in sheep

/zh/ as in Asia /th/ as in the /th/ as in thing /hw/ wheat

/ng/ as in ring 25 CONSONANT SOUNDS


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Vowel Sounds
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/vowel%20sound.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/vowel%20sound.pdf


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Dipthongs A Diphthong is the union of two vowels in one

sound. When both vowels are sounded, thediphthong is called PROPER, because then it isreally a DIPHTHONG, or double sound; that is, thesounds of the vowels unite; as, oi in oil; ou insound.

When only one of the vowels is sounded, thediphthong is called IMPROPER, because then, asone of the vowels is silent, it is not properly aDIPHTHONG, though it takes that name; as, oa inboat, ui in suit, where a and i are silent.


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Dipthong Approximate Eng. Sound

ai/ay like I in time

au like ow in now

ei/ey like a in date

eu like eh + oo

oi/oy like oy in toyia like ya in yacht

ie like ye in yet

io like yo in yoga

ua like wa in watt

ue like wa in wait

ui like wee in week

uo like uo in quota


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Triphtong

A Triphthong is the union of three vowels inone syllable; as, eau in beau, iew in view. Thetriphthong is properly a union of letters, notsounds.


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Triphtong Approximate Eng. Sound

iai like yi in yipe

iei like English word yea

uai (uay) like wi in wine

uei (vey) like wa in wade


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Thank You

english-sound-system.ppt ( grammar )

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