motor system.ppt

Motor SystemMotor SystemMotor SystemMotor System

Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of MedicineDepartment of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine

EffectorsEffectors MOTOR SYSTEMMOTOR SYSTEM

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEMSOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM

Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEMAUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEMGlandsGlands (sympathetic and Parasympathetic)(sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

Elements of Motor SystemElements of Motor SystemElements of Motor SystemElements of Motor System

SomaticSomaticMotor Motor SystemSystem

SomaticSomaticMotor Motor SystemSystem

AutonomicAutonomicMotor Motor SystemSystem

AutonomicAutonomicMotor Motor SystemSystem

sympatheticsympatheticresponseresponse

sympatheticsympatheticresponseresponse

Somatic Motor SystemSomatic Motor SystemSomatic Motor SystemSomatic Motor System

Upper Motor NeuronUpper Motor NeuronUpper Motor NeuronUpper Motor Neuron

Lower Motor NeuronLower Motor NeuronLower Motor NeuronLower Motor Neuron

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleSkeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

AuxiliaryAuxiliaryMotor PathwaysMotor Pathways

AuxiliaryAuxiliaryMotor PathwaysMotor Pathways

motor nerve nervemotor nerve nerve

pyramidaltract

pyramidaltract

reflexarc

reflexarc

descendingpathways from

brain stem

descendingpathways from

brain stem

LOWER MOTOR NEURONLOWER MOTOR NEURONLOWER MOTOR NEURONLOWER MOTOR NEURON

Spinal CordSpinal Cord Anterior Horn Cell (Lamina IX) --------Anterior Horn Cell (Lamina IX) -------- spinal n.spinal n.

Brain StemBrain Stem General Somatic Efferent (GSE) NucleiGeneral Somatic Efferent (GSE) Nuclei

Hypoglossal Nucleus -------------------- Hypoglossal Nucleus -------------------- XIIXII

Abducens Nucleus ------------------------ Abducens Nucleus ------------------------ VIVI

Trochlear Nucleus ------------------------- Trochlear Nucleus ------------------------- IVIV

Oculomotor Nucleus ---------------------- Oculomotor Nucleus ---------------------- IIIIII

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) NucleiSpecial Visceral Efferent (SVE) Nuclei

Ambiguus Nucleus ----------------------- Ambiguus Nucleus ----------------------- IX, X, XIIX, X, XI

Facial (Motor) Nucleus ------------------- Facial (Motor) Nucleus ------------------- VIIVII Trigeminal Motor Nucleus --------------Trigeminal Motor Nucleus -------------- VV

Spinal CordSpinal Cord Anterior Horn Cell (Lamina IX) --------Anterior Horn Cell (Lamina IX) -------- spinal n.spinal n.

Brain StemBrain Stem General Somatic Efferent (GSE) NucleiGeneral Somatic Efferent (GSE) Nuclei

Hypoglossal Nucleus -------------------- Hypoglossal Nucleus -------------------- XIIXII

Abducens Nucleus ------------------------ Abducens Nucleus ------------------------ VIVI

Trochlear Nucleus ------------------------- Trochlear Nucleus ------------------------- IVIV

Oculomotor Nucleus ---------------------- Oculomotor Nucleus ---------------------- IIIIII

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) NucleiSpecial Visceral Efferent (SVE) Nuclei

Ambiguus Nucleus ----------------------- Ambiguus Nucleus ----------------------- IX, X, XIIX, X, XI

Facial (Motor) Nucleus ------------------- Facial (Motor) Nucleus ------------------- VIIVII Trigeminal Motor Nucleus --------------Trigeminal Motor Nucleus -------------- VV

AHCAHC

Anterior Horn CellAnterior Horn Cell- Lower Motor Neuron -- Lower Motor Neuron -

Anterior Horn CellAnterior Horn Cell- Lower Motor Neuron -- Lower Motor Neuron -

Lower Motor NeuronLower Motor Neuron

cell body: anterior horncell body: anterior horn

axon: axon: anterior root,anterior root,

spinal nervespinal nerve

axon terminal:axon terminal:

neuromuscularneuromuscular

junctionjunction

Effector:Effector:skeletal muscleskeletal muscle


cell body: anterior horncell body: anterior horn

axon: axon: anterior root,anterior root,

spinal nervespinal nerve

axon terminal:axon terminal:

neuromuscularneuromuscular

junctionjunction

Effector:Effector:skeletal muscleskeletal muscle

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

• anterior root: anterior root:

- motormotor

• posterior root:posterior root:

- sensory- sensory

Law of Law of

Bell-MagendieBell-Magendie


• anterior root: anterior root:

- motormotor

• posterior root:posterior root:

- sensory- sensory

Law of Law of

Bell-MagendieBell-Magendie

Lower Motor NeuronLower Motor NeuronLower Motor NeuronLower Motor Neuron

NN

MM

NeuromuscularNeuromuscularJunctionJunction

(Myoneural Junction,(Myoneural Junction,Motor End Plate)Motor End Plate)

NeuromuscularNeuromuscularJunctionJunction

(Myoneural Junction,(Myoneural Junction,Motor End Plate)Motor End Plate)

NMJNMJNMJNMJ

MM

NN

Neuromuscular JunctionNeuromuscular JunctionNeuromuscular JunctionNeuromuscular Junction

• muscle weaknessmuscle weakness which is greatly which is greatly increased by exertion or increased by exertion or repeated contractionrepeated contraction

• autoimmune disease autoimmune disease with autoantibodieswith autoantibodies against against Ach receptorAch receptor

• maybe fatal if untreatedmaybe fatal if untreated by respiratory paralysisby respiratory paralysis

• treated withtreated with AchT inhibitorsAchT inhibitors, , thymectomy, and thymectomy, and corticosteroidscorticosteroids

Defects in Neuromuscular Defects in Neuromuscular TransmissionTransmission

before treatment after treatmentbefore treatment after treatment

MYASTHENIA GRAVISMYASTHENIA GRAVISMYASTHENIA GRAVISMYASTHENIA GRAVIS

EFFECTOREFFECTORSkeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

EFFECTOREFFECTORSkeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

UpperUpperMotorMotor

NeuronNeuron

UpperUpperMotorMotor

NeuronNeuronPyramidalPyramidal

TractTractPyramidalPyramidal

TractTract

corticospinalcorticospinaltracttract

corticospinalcorticospinaltracttract

corticobulbarcorticobulbartracttract

corticobulbarcorticobulbartracttract

Albertus MagnusAlbertus Magnus(1206-1280)(1206-1280)

Phrenology of Gall (1758-1828)Phrenology of Gall (1758-1828)and Spurzheim (1776-1832)and Spurzheim (1776-1832)

Motor HomunculusMotor HomunculusMotor HomunculusMotor Homunculus


Upper Motor NeuronUpper Motor Neuron

UMNUMNUpper Motor NeuronUpper Motor Neuron

UMNUMN

Final Common PathwayFinal Common Pathway


LMNLMN



LMNLMN


DescendingDescendingBrain StemBrain StemPathwaysPathways



pyramidaltract

pyramidaltract

reflex arcreflex arc

VOLUNTARY CONTROLVOLUNTARY CONTROL

AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

Corticospinal TractCorticospinal Tract

Origin: Origin: Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex Brodmann Area 4 (Primary Motor Area, M I)Brodmann Area 4 (Primary Motor Area, M I)

Brodmann Area 6 (Premotor Area, PM )Brodmann Area 6 (Premotor Area, PM )

Brodmann Area 3,1,2 (Primary Somesthetic Area, S I) Brodmann Area 3,1,2 (Primary Somesthetic Area, S I)

Brodmann Area 5 (Anterior Portion of Sup. Parietal Lobule) Brodmann Area 5 (Anterior Portion of Sup. Parietal Lobule)

Corona RadiataCorona Radiata

lnternal Capsule, Posterior Limblnternal Capsule, Posterior Limb

Crus Cerebri, Middle PortionCrus Cerebri, Middle Portion

Longitudinal Pontine FiberLongitudinal Pontine Fiber

Pyramid - pyramidal decussationPyramid - pyramidal decussation

Corticospinal Tract - Lateral and AnteriorCorticospinal Tract - Lateral and Anterior

Termination: Termination: Spinal Gray (Rexed IV-IX)Spinal Gray (Rexed IV-IX)

Corticospinal TractCorticospinal Tract

Origin: Origin: Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex Brodmann Area 4 (Primary Motor Area, M I)Brodmann Area 4 (Primary Motor Area, M I)

Brodmann Area 6 (Premotor Area, PM )Brodmann Area 6 (Premotor Area, PM )

Brodmann Area 3,1,2 (Primary Somesthetic Area, S I) Brodmann Area 3,1,2 (Primary Somesthetic Area, S I)

Brodmann Area 5 (Anterior Portion of Sup. Parietal Lobule) Brodmann Area 5 (Anterior Portion of Sup. Parietal Lobule)

Corona RadiataCorona Radiata

lnternal Capsule, Posterior Limblnternal Capsule, Posterior Limb

Crus Cerebri, Middle PortionCrus Cerebri, Middle Portion

Longitudinal Pontine FiberLongitudinal Pontine Fiber

Pyramid - pyramidal decussationPyramid - pyramidal decussation

Corticospinal Tract - Lateral and AnteriorCorticospinal Tract - Lateral and Anterior

Termination: Termination: Spinal Gray (Rexed IV-IX)Spinal Gray (Rexed IV-IX)

Upper Motor Neuron Pyramidal TractUpper Motor Neuron Pyramidal Tract Upper Motor Neuron Pyramidal TractUpper Motor Neuron Pyramidal Tract


1. corona radiata 1. corona radiata

2. internal capsule,2. internal capsule, posterior limbposterior limb

3. crus cerebri3. crus cerebri

4. longitudinal 4. longitudinal pontine fiber pontine fiber

5. pyramid5. pyramid

6. pyramid decussation6. pyramid decussation

7. lateral corticospinal 7. lateral corticospinal tracttract

8. anterior corticospinal 8. anterior corticospinal tracttract


2. internal capsule,2. internal capsule, posterior limbposterior limb


4. longitudinal 4. longitudinal pontine fiber pontine fiber



7. lateral corticospinal 7. lateral corticospinal tracttract

8. anterior corticospinal 8. anterior corticospinal tracttract


Pyramidal TractPyramidal Tract


Pyramidal TractPyramidal Tract


2. internal capsule 2. internal capsule


4. pontine longitudinal fiber 4. pontine longitudinal fiber



7. lateral corticospinal tract7. lateral corticospinal tract

8. anterior corticospinal tract8. anterior corticospinal tract


2. internal capsule 2. internal capsule


4. pontine longitudinal fiber 4. pontine longitudinal fiber



7. lateral corticospinal tract7. lateral corticospinal tract

8. anterior corticospinal tract8. anterior corticospinal tract

Upper Motor Neuron Corticospinal TractUpper Motor Neuron Corticospinal Tract Upper Motor Neuron Corticospinal TractUpper Motor Neuron Corticospinal Tract

Corticospinal Corticospinal TractTract

• completion ofcompletion of myelinationmyelination in in 22ndnd year of life year of life

• time of time of standing and standing and walkingwalking

Corticospinal Corticospinal TractTract

• completion ofcompletion of myelinationmyelination in in 22ndnd year of life year of life

• time of time of standing and standing and walkingwalking

Corticospinal tractCorticospinal tractmyelinationmyelination

Corticospinal tractCorticospinal tractmyelinationmyelination


Corticobulbar TractCorticobulbar Tract

- Corticofugal fibers projecting to, and terminating in- Corticofugal fibers projecting to, and terminating in

the portions of lower brainstemthe portions of lower brainstem - Termination:- Termination:

1) motor nuclei (upper motor neuron pathway)1) motor nuclei (upper motor neuron pathway)

hypoglossal, ambiguus, facial motor,hypoglossal, ambiguus, facial motor,

trigeminal motor, abducens, trochleartrigeminal motor, abducens, trochlear

and oculomotor nucleusand oculomotor nucleus

2) sensory relay nuclei2) sensory relay nuclei

nuclei gracilis and cuneatus, trigeminalnuclei gracilis and cuneatus, trigeminal

sensory nucleus, solitary tract nucleussensory nucleus, solitary tract nucleus

3) reticular formation 3) reticular formation (corticoreticular fiber)(corticoreticular fiber)

Corticobulbar Tract (UMN Pathway)Corticobulbar Tract (UMN Pathway)

- Corticofugal fibers projecting to, - Corticofugal fibers projecting to, cranial motor nucleicranial motor nuclei

GSE - GSE - hypoglossal (XII), abducens (VI), hypoglossal (XII), abducens (VI),

trochlear (IV) and oculomotor (III) nucleustrochlear (IV) and oculomotor (III) nucleus

SVE -SVE - ambiguus (IX, X, XI), facial motor (VII),ambiguus (IX, X, XI), facial motor (VII),

trigeminal motor (V) nucleustrigeminal motor (V) nucleus

- largely - largely bilateralbilateral

laryngeal, pharyngeal, palatal and upper faciallaryngeal, pharyngeal, palatal and upper facial

muscles of mastication and extraocular musclesmuscles of mastication and extraocular muscles

- - unilateralunilateral

lower facial musculature (facial palsy)lower facial musculature (facial palsy)

SCM and trapezius (uncrossed) --- spinal accessorySCM and trapezius (uncrossed) --- spinal accessory

- - Pseudobulbar PalsyPseudobulbar Palsy --- syndrome of bilateral UMN lesion--- syndrome of bilateral UMN lesion


Upper Motor Neuron vs Lower Motor Neuron SyndromeUpper Motor Neuron vs Lower Motor Neuron SyndromeUpper Motor Neuron vs Lower Motor Neuron SyndromeUpper Motor Neuron vs Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome

LMN syndromeLMN syndrome UMN SyndromeUMN Syndrome

Type of Paralysis Type of Paralysis Flaccid ParalysisFlaccid Paralysis Spastic ParesisSpastic Paresis

Atrophy Atrophy Severe Atrophy Severe Atrophy No (Disuse) AtrophyNo (Disuse) Atrophy

Deep Tendon Reflex Deep Tendon Reflex Absent DTRAbsent DTR IncreaseIncrease

Pathological Reflex Pathological Reflex AbsentAbsent Positive Babinski SignPositive Babinski Sign

Superficial Reflex Superficial Reflex PresentPresent AbsentAbsent

Fasciculation and Fasciculation and Could be Could be AbsentAbsent

Fibrillation Fibrillation PresentPresent

UMN and LMN Syndrome - ParalysisUMN and LMN Syndrome - ParalysisUMN and LMN Syndrome - ParalysisUMN and LMN Syndrome - Paralysis

Upper Motor Neuron Upper Motor Neuron SyndromeSyndrome Upper Motor Neuron Upper Motor Neuron SyndromeSyndrome

SpasticitySpasticity

- Increased resistance to passive movement in- Increased resistance to passive movement in

antigravity muscleantigravity muscle (flexor in arm, extensor in leg) (flexor in arm, extensor in leg)

Clasp Knife Clasp Knife PhenomenonPhenomenon

- Sign of- Sign of Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome,

especially especially internal capsuleinternal capsule lesion lesion

cf. cf. RigidityRigidity

- increased muscle tone, no increased DTR - increased muscle tone, no increased DTR

Cogwheel Cogwheel PhenomenonPhenomenon

- symptom of - symptom of basal gangliabasal ganglia or cerebellar lesion or cerebellar lesion

LMN SyndromeLMN Syndrome - - Muscular AtrophyMuscular AtrophyLMN SyndromeLMN Syndrome - - Muscular AtrophyMuscular Atrophy

DorsiflexionDorsiflexion of great toe and of great toe and

FanningFanning of other toesof other toes

associated with associated with plantar flexionplantar flexion

on mechanical stimulation of on mechanical stimulation of

the outer edge of the the outer edge of the

sole of the foot.sole of the foot.

(Extensor Plantar Response)

UMN syndromeUMN syndrome

BABINSKI SIGNBABINSKI SIGN

UMN syndromeUMN syndrome

BABINSKI SIGNBABINSKI SIGN

UMN SyndromeUMN Syndrome – Increased – Increased Deep Tendon ReflexDeep Tendon ReflexUMN SyndromeUMN Syndrome – Increased – Increased Deep Tendon ReflexDeep Tendon Reflex

Increased Increased DTRDTR is characteristic signis characteristic sign of of UMN syndromeUMN syndrome

Monosynaptic reflexMonosynaptic reflex

Patellar tendon Patellar tendon stretch receptor tostretch receptor to anterior horn cellanterior horn cell

Quadriceps Quadriceps contractioncontraction

Increased Increased DTRDTR is characteristic signis characteristic sign of of UMN syndromeUMN syndrome

Monosynaptic reflexMonosynaptic reflex

Patellar tendon Patellar tendon stretch receptor tostretch receptor to anterior horn cellanterior horn cell

Quadriceps Quadriceps contractioncontraction

Deep Tendon Reflex Deep Tendon Reflex (Knee Jerk)(Knee Jerk)

Deep Tendon Reflex Deep Tendon Reflex (Knee Jerk)(Knee Jerk)

LMN SyndromeLMN Syndrome – – Fasciculation and FibrillationFasciculation and FibrillationLMN SyndromeLMN Syndrome – – Fasciculation and FibrillationFasciculation and Fibrillation

Electromyography (EMG)

Hypersensitivity to circulating acetylcholineHypersensitivity to circulating acetylcholine

LMN syndromeLMN syndrome andand UMN Syndrome UMN SyndromeLMN syndromeLMN syndrome andand UMN Syndrome UMN Syndrome

Predominantly Motor SyndromesPredominantly Motor Syndromes

• Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis) - viral infection of lower motor neuron- viral infection of lower motor neuron

- LMN syndrome at the level of lesion- LMN syndrome at the level of lesion

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - combined LMN and UMN lesion- combined LMN and UMN lesion

- LMN syndrome at the level of lesion- LMN syndrome at the level of lesion

- UMN syndrome below the level of lesion- UMN syndrome below the level of lesion

- Lou Gehrig’s disease in USA- Lou Gehrig’s disease in USA

Spinal Cord SyndromeSpinal Cord Syndrome Spinal Cord SyndromeSpinal Cord Syndrome

Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

1. corticospinal1. corticospinal tract (UMN)tract (UMN)

2. lower motor2. lower motor neuron (LMN)neuron (LMN)

Spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisSpinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisSpinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosisSpinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

** **

** **** **

MotorMotorSyndromeSyndrome

AmyotrophicAmyotrophicLateral SclerosisLateral Sclerosis

(ALS)(ALS)

Lou Gherig’sLou Gherig’sDiseaseDisease

MotorMotorSyndromeSyndrome


(ALS)(ALS)

Lou Gherig’sLou Gherig’sDiseaseDisease

Lou "The Iron Horse" Gehrig (1903-41)Lou "The Iron Horse" Gehrig (1903-41)3.40, 2131(1925-39), 23 GSH, 147 RBI avg.3.40, 2131(1925-39), 23 GSH, 147 RBI avg.

Spinal CordSpinal CordSyndromeSyndrome


(ALS)(ALS)

Lou Gehrig’sLou Gehrig’sDiseaseDisease

Spinal CordSpinal CordSyndromeSyndrome


(ALS)(ALS)

Lou Gehrig’sLou Gehrig’sDiseaseDisease Stephen Hawking (1946- )Stephen Hawking (1946- )

British Physicist, A Brief History of TimeBritish Physicist, A Brief History of Time

FacialFacial PalsyPalsy

(Bell’s Palsy)(Bell’s Palsy)

Lower MotorLower MotorNeuronNeuron

SyndromeSyndrome

FacialFacial PalsyPalsy

(Bell’s Palsy)(Bell’s Palsy)

Lower MotorLower MotorNeuronNeuron

SyndromeSyndromeTriple W SignTriple W Sign - Wrinkle, Wink, Whistle - Wrinkle, Wink, Whistle

Central TypeCentral TypeFacialFacial PalsyPalsy

Upper MotorUpper MotorNeuronNeuron

SyndromeSyndrome

Central TypeCentral TypeFacialFacial PalsyPalsy

Upper MotorUpper MotorNeuronNeuron

SyndromeSyndromefacial motor nucleus neuronsfacial motor nucleus neuronssupplying forehead musclesupplying forehead muscle

Bilateral Corticobulbar TractBilateral Corticobulbar Tract

• Inability Inability to properlyto properly

execute a execute a learnedlearned skilled movementskilled movement• Absence of paralysisAbsence of paralysis• Caused by lesions inCaused by lesions in

1. Premotor Area1. Premotor Area

2. Corpus Callosum2. Corpus Callosum

3. Parietal somesthetic3. Parietal somesthetic

association areaassociation area

(storage of body (storage of body

image)image)

• Inability Inability to properlyto properly

execute a execute a learnedlearned skilled movementskilled movement• Absence of paralysisAbsence of paralysis• Caused by lesions inCaused by lesions in

1. Premotor Area1. Premotor Area

2. Corpus Callosum2. Corpus Callosum

3. Parietal somesthetic3. Parietal somesthetic

association areaassociation area

(storage of body (storage of body

image)image)

APRAXIA – Cortical LesionAPRAXIA – Cortical LesionAPRAXIA – Cortical LesionAPRAXIA – Cortical Lesion




UMNUMN



LMNLMN



LMNLMN





pyramidaltract

pyramidaltract



AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

Pyramidal Tract and Associated CircuitsPyramidal Tract and Associated Circuits

lower motor neuron

CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUMCEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM BASALBASALGANGLIAGANGLIA

BASALBASALGANGLIAGANGLIA


UMNUMN


UMNUMN


LMNLMN


LMNLMN

Cerebellum

Basal Basal GangliaGangliaBasal Basal

GangliaGanglia




UMNUMN



LMNLMN



LMNLMN





pyramidaltract

pyramidaltract



AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

AUTOMATICMOTOR

CONTROL

AUTOMATIC MOTOR CONTROLAUTOMATIC MOTOR CONTROL

Spinal Cord Level: Spinal Cord Level:

- - Spinal Reflex : Monosynaptic & PolysynapticSpinal Reflex : Monosynaptic & Polysynaptic

Brain Stem Level:Brain Stem Level: Reticulospinal PathwaysReticulospinal Pathways Lateral and Medial Reticulospinal TractLateral and Medial Reticulospinal Tract

Ventromedial PathwaysVentromedial Pathways Tectospinal TractTectospinal Tract Vestibulospinal TractVestibulospinal Tract MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)

Posterolateral PathwaysPosterolateral Pathways Rubrospinal TractRubrospinal Tract

Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Motor PathwaysDorsolateral and Ventromedial Motor Pathways

Dorsolateral (Motor) PathwayDorsolateral (Motor) Pathway

Rubrospinal TractRubrospinal Tract

Ventromedial (Motor) Pathway Ventromedial (Motor) Pathway

Tectospinal TractTectospinal Tract

Vestibulospinal TractVestibulospinal Tract

MLF (Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus)MLF (Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus)

- interstitiospinal tract - interstitiospinal tract

Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Motor PathwaysDorsolateral and Ventromedial Motor Pathways

Dorsolateral (Motor) PathwayDorsolateral (Motor) Pathway

Rubrospinal TractRubrospinal Tract

Ventromedial (Motor) Pathway Ventromedial (Motor) Pathway

Tectospinal TractTectospinal Tract

Vestibulospinal TractVestibulospinal Tract

MLF (Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus)MLF (Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus)

- interstitiospinal tract - interstitiospinal tract

Brain Stem Brain Stem Automatic Motor ControlAutomatic Motor Control Brain Stem Brain Stem Automatic Motor ControlAutomatic Motor Control

ventromedialventromedial pathwaypathway

dorsolateraldorsolateral pathwaypathway

DescendingDescendingMotorMotorTractsTractsfromfromBrain StemBrain Stem

AutomaticAutomaticMotorMotor

ControlControl

AutomaticAutomaticMotorMotor

ControlControl

AUTONOMIC AUTONOMIC

MOTORMOTOR

SYSTEMSYSTEM

Sympathetic Sympathetic

DivisionDivision

Parasympathetic Parasympathetic

DivisionDivision

AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEMAUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEM

Postganglionic NeuronPostganglionic Neuron

Preganglionic NeuronPreganglionic NeuronPreganglionic NeuronPreganglionic Neuron

Smooth Muscle & GlandSmooth Muscle & GlandSmooth Muscle & GlandSmooth Muscle & Gland

HYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUS

Preganglionic FiberPreganglionic Fiber

Postganglionic fiberPostganglionic fiber

Descending Descending

Autonomic PathwayAutonomic Pathway

AchAch

Ach & NEAch & NE

AUTONOMIC AUTONOMIC MOTOR MOTOR SYSTEMSYSTEM Intramural ganglia Paravertebral gangliaIntramural ganglia Paravertebral ganglia

Cranial ganglia Prevertebral gangliaCranial ganglia Prevertebral ganglia


Intramural ganglia Paravertebral gangliaIntramural ganglia Paravertebral gangliaCranial ganglia Prevertebral gangliaCranial ganglia Prevertebral ganglia


Preganglionic NeuronPreganglionic Neuron

Parasympathetic SympatheticParasympathetic Sympathetic

Preganglionic NeuronPreganglionic Neuron

Parasympathetic SympatheticParasympathetic Sympathetic

Effectors: Smooth Muscle & GlandEffectors: Smooth Muscle & GlandEffectors: Smooth Muscle & GlandEffectors: Smooth Muscle & Gland

HYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUSHYPOTHALAMUS

Descending Autonomic PathwayDescending Autonomic Pathway

Ach AchAch Ach

Ach NEAch NE

AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEMAUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEM


- Intermediolateral Cell Column- Intermediolateral Cell Column Sympathetic: TSympathetic: T11-L-L33

Parasympathetic: SParasympathetic: S22-S-S44

Brain StemBrain Stem

Parasympathetic (GVE)Parasympathetic (GVE) Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus --------Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus -------- XX

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus -------------- Inferior Salivatory Nucleus -------------- IXIX

Superior Salivatory Nucleus ------------ Superior Salivatory Nucleus ------------ VIIVII

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus--------------- Edinger-Westphal Nucleus--------------- IIIIII

ParasympatheticParasympatheticSympatheticSympathetic

Sympathetic ParasympatheticSympathetic Parasympathetic

Cardiovascular systemCardiovascular system blood vesselsblood vessels none none to skeletal muscleto skeletal muscle vasodilationvasodilation to skin and viscerato skin and viscera vasoconstrictionvasoconstriction HeartHeart rate, force of contractionrate, force of contraction increasesincreases decreases decreasesRespiratory systemRespiratory system diameter of air passagesdiameter of air passages increasesincreases decreases decreases respiratory raterespiratory rate increasesincreases decreases decreasesEyeEye dilate pupildilate pupil constrict pupil constrict pupil accommodationaccommodation distance visiondistance vision near vision near visionSweat glandSweat gland increased secretionincreased secretion none noneAdrenal glandAdrenal gland secretes E, NEsecretes E, NE none none

Sympathetic ParasympatheticSympathetic Parasympathetic

Digestive systemDigestive system general level of activitygeneral level of activity decreasesdecreases increasesincreases sphincterssphincters constrictconstrict dilate dilate secretory glandssecretory glands inhibitinhibit stimulatestimulate salivary glandsalivary gland stimulate stimulate simulate simulate

serousserous secretion secretion waterywatery secretion secretionUrinary systemUrinary system kidneyskidneys decreases urinedecreases urine increasesincreases urine urine urinary bladderurinary bladder relaxesrelaxes tenses tenses

sphinctersphincter constrictsconstricts relaxes relaxesMale reproductive systemMale reproductive system increases increases erectionerection glandular secretionglandular secretion and and ejaculationejaculation

Sympathetic ResponseSympathetic Response

- fight of flight reaction- fight of flight reaction

• increases blood supplyincreases blood supply to skeletal muscleto skeletal muscle• increases heart rateincreases heart rate• increases diameter of increases diameter of air passagesair passages• increases rate of respirationincreases rate of respiration• dilate pupildilate pupil• secrets epinephrine and secrets epinephrine and norepinephrinenorepinephrine

• decreases blood to visceradecreases blood to viscera• constricts bladder sphincterconstricts bladder sphincter

• increases sweat productionincreases sweat production• constrict arrector pili muscleconstrict arrector pili muscle

Parasympathetic Parasympathetic ResponseResponse

- energy conservation for- energy conservation for emergency situationemergency situation

• increases general activity of increases general activity of digestive systemdigestive system• increases secretion ofincreases secretion of digestive glandsdigestive glands• increases urine productionincreases urine production and relaxes sphincterand relaxes sphincter• erectionerection

• decreases diameter of decreases diameter of air passagesair passages• decreases respiratory ratedecreases respiratory rate• constricts pupilconstricts pupil

motor system.ppt

Documents

primary motor area

facial motor nucleus

trigeminal motor nucleus

motor posterior root

anterior hornaxon

anterior termination

lateral corticospinal

pm brodmann area