Entamoeba histolytica

Differentiation of amoebic and bacillary dysentery

Diagnosis

1-Parasitic diagnosisa-Intestinal amoebiasis -stool -rectal (exudate) swab -material collected from the base of rectal ulcersb-Amoebic liver abscess -aspirated pus

A-Stool1)Microscopy -wet preparation (general stool examination) a-saline wet preparation (trophozoites) b-iodine wet preparation (cyst) -fixed preparation (permanent staining) -iron haematoxylin -trichrome2) Concentration3) Culture

2-Serodiagnosis1)Antibody Detection -IHA -IFAT -ELISA2) Antigen Detection3-Molecular diagnosis PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 4-Radio-imaging diagnosis US, CT scan, MRI

Epidemiology

-Geographical distribution worldwide distribution 10 percent of the world's population 100,000 persons die -Source of transmission and infection Food and water cysts carriers-Infective form quadri-nucleated cyst -Susceptible population All ages

Treatment

1-Luminal amoebicides diloxanide fluorate2-Tissue amoebicides metronidazole (flagyl) {submucosa and liver tissue}

chloroquine {liver tissue} tetracycline {submucosa}

Blastocystis hominis

• -Morphological forms: vacuolated, amoeboid, granular and cyst forms.

• -Distribution: worldwide.• -Habitat: large intestine.• -Infective stage: cyst form.• -Pathogenic role: is doubtful.• -Diagnostic specimen: stool.