Cloud Computing

Arcus Universe

The 21st century vision of computing

•The creation of the Internet has marked theforemost milestone towards achieving thisgrand 21st century vision of “computerutilities” by forming a worldwide system ofcomputer networks.•Simply to provide IT as a Service•Various computing paradigms have beenproposed and adopted to edge closer towardachieving this grand vision.

The 21st century vision of computing

What is Cloud Computing?

•Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet, basically a step on from Utility Computing.•In other words, this is a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).•Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to clients.•These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and

Cloud Summary

•Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services. •A number of characteristics define cloud data, applications services and infrastructure:

–Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote infrastructure. –Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.–Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you pay for what you would want!

Delivery Models

Services

Application

Development

Platform

Storage

Hosting

Cloud Computing Service Layers

Description

Services – Complete business services such as PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa

Services

ApplicationFocused

InfrastructureFocused

Application – Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps, Microsoft Online

Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS

Development – Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce

Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC, Sun Grid

Hosting – Physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc.

Impact of cloud computing on the governance structure of IT organizations

If cloud computing is so great, why isn’t everyone doing it?

•The cloud acts as a big black box, nothing inside the cloud is visible to the clients•Clients have no idea or control over what happens inside a cloud•Even if the cloud provider is honest, it can have malicious system admins who can tamper with the VMs and violate confidentiality and integrity•Clouds are still subject to traditional data confidentiality, integrity, availability, and privacy issues, plus some additional attacks

Companies are still afraid to use clouds

•Delivery of raw, virtualize computing infrastructure such as servers and storage as a service to build applications. IaaS vendors let enterprises customize infrastructure to their application needs.

–Backup & Recovery Platforms providing services to backup and recover file systems and raw data stores on servers and desktop systems.–Big Data Provides tools to automate and manage infrastructure used for Big Data. These products allow users to customize their configuration and choose from a set of toolkits and languages.–Compute Provides server resources for running

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

•Delivery of a virtualized application runtime platform that has a software stack for developing applications or application services. PaaS applications and infrastructure are run and managed by the services vendor.

–Business Intelligence (15) Platforms for the creationof business intelligence applications such asdashboards, reporting systems, and big data analysis.–Database (6) These services offer scalable databasesystems that ranging from relational database solutionsto massively scalable non-sql datastores.–Development & Testing (9) These platforms are onlyfor the development and testing cycles of application

Software as a Service (SaaS)

•Cloud based delivery of complete software applications that run on infrastructure the SaaS vendor manages. SaaS applications are accessed over the Internet and typically charged on a subscription basis.

–Billing (5)Application services to manage customer billing based on usage and subscriptions to products and services.–CRM (12)Platforms for CRM(Customer Relationship Management) application that range from call center applications to sales force automation.–Collaboration (16)Platforms providing tools that allow users to collaborate in workgroups, within enterprises, and across enterprises.–Content Management (6)Services for managing the production and access to content for web based applications.–Document Management (5)Platforms of managing documents, document production workflows, and providing workspaces for groups or enterprises to find and access documents.

•Financials (11)Applications for managing financial processes for companies that range from expense processing and invoicing to tax management.•Health and Wellness(2) Services for improving and managing people's health and well-being.•Human Resources(8) Software for managing human resources functions within companies.•IT Services Management(2) Software that helps enterprises manage IT Services delivery to services consumers and manage performance improvement.•Personal Productivity (5) Software that business users use on a daily basis in the normal course of business. The typical suite includes applications for word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations.•Project Management(9) Software packages for managing projects. Features of packages may specialize the offering for specific types of projects such as software development, construction, etc.•Sales(8) Applications that are specifically designed for sales functions such as pricing, commission tracking, etc.•Security(4) Hosted products for security services such as malware and virus scanning, single sign-on, etc.•Social Networks(3) Platforms for creating and customizing social networking applications.

Cloud Software

•Software used to build cloud computing environments, manage cloud environments, or software used to build highly scalable cloud applications. Products include both commercial and open source software.•Cloud Abstraction (4)Software libraries that provide an abstraction layer to avoid cloud vendor lock-in and build multi-cloud ready applications.•Cloud Integration (3)Software that help enterprises integrate with cloud infrastructure servers from external providers.•Configuration Automation (3)Software that

•Distributed Compute(2) Software that manages elastic compute resources where applications can dynamically acquire and use additional server resources.•Infrastructure Management(12) Packages and tools for managing cloud scale systems that can be used to create private clouds or used by service providers to build cloud offerings.•Multi-Cloud Business Apps(2) Cloud enabled business applications that are available on multiple cloud IaaS or PaaS solutions, e.g. AWS, Rackspace, IBM Smart Cloud, MS Azure, etc. Multi-Cloud Business Apps offer enterprises with a choice of their cloud provider without customization.•PaaS(3) Software for building a PaaS on a public or private cloud. PaaS software runs a select software stack that enterprises standardize on.•SaaS Data Security(4) These services enhance the security of using SaaS based systems by adding encryption and/or additional access controls on SaaS data sets.•Storage(5) Software to manage massively scalable storage solutions.

Opportunities and Challenges

•The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:

–It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.–Cloud computing works using economies of scale:

•It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers. •Cost would be by on-demand pricing. •Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue stream.

–Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.

Opportunities and Challenges

•In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:

–Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:

•The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM, who may monopolise the market. •Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.

–Security could prove to be a big issue:•It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not always clear.

–There are also issues relating to policy and access:

•If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to? •What happens if the remote server goes down?

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Lower computer costs: –You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud computing's web-based applications. –Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop software. –When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor... –In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Improved performance:–With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will see better performance from your PC. –Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory…

•Reduced software costs: –Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of what you need for free-ish!–That is right - most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite, are totally free. –That is a lot better than paying $200+ for similar

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Instant software updates:–Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.–When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically - available the next time you log into the cloud. –When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version - without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

•Improved document format compatibility. –You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine being compatible

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Unlimited storage capacity:–Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage. –Your computer's current 200 Gbyte hard drive is small compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud. –Whatever you need to store, you can.

•Increased data reliability:–Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data. –That also means that if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the cloud, still

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Universal document access:–That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your documents with you. –Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection. –All your documents are instantly available from wherever you are.

•Latest version availability:–Another document-related advantage of cloud computing is that when you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when you access the document at work.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

•Easier group collaboration:–Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.–Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing - multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects. –Because the documents are hosted in the cloud, not on individual computers, all you need is an Internet connection, and you are collaborating.

•Device independence. –You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network. –Changes to computers, applications and

Architecture of Cloud

User Layer

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Security as a Service, Browser Security , Authentication

Service Provider Layer

Identity, Infrastructure , Privacy, Data transit , People and Identity , Audit and Compliance ,

Cloud integrity and Binding Issues

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VM Sprawl ,VM Escape, Infrastructure , Separation between Customers , Cloud legal and Regularity issues, Identity and

Access management

Secure data at rest, Physical Security : Network and Server

DATACENTER LAYER

VM LAYER

VM Layer and Data Center layer

P. Sai Kiran LBRCE, APSCHE TTP 07-07-2012

Research issues in Cloud Computing Environment

•Security Issues–Availability of Service–Data security

•confidentiality, for secure data transfer and access, and auditability,

•Data Issues–Data Lock-In

•Customer lock-in seems to be striking to Cloud Computing providers

–Data Transfer Bottlenecks•The applications are moved across the boundaries of clouds may complicate data placement and transport

–Traffic management and analysis•Currently, the work on measurement and analysis of data

Research issues in Cloud Computing Environment

•Reputation Fate Sharing –Reputation of the cloud as a whole may be affected by one customer’s bad behaviour.

•Performance Issues –Virtual Machine Migration

•Virtual Machine migration provides major benefit in cloud computing through load balance across data centers. It also provides robust and high response in data centers.

–Server consolidation •Server consolidation is an efficient approach to minimize the energy consumption for makes best use of resource utilization

–Performance Unpredictability •Sharing I/O is complex in cloud computing while multiple

Research issues in Cloud Computing Environment

–Scalable Storage •Cloud Computing important properties are infinite capacity on-demand, no up-front cost, short-term usage for high availability, data durability and scalability.

–Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed Systems •The debugging of these bugs have to be done at large scale in the production data centers as these bugs cannot be reproduced in smaller configurations.

–Scaling Quickly –Latency –Energy management

•It has been estimated that the cost of powering and cooling accounts for 53% of the total operational expenditure of data centers

Research issues in Cloud Computing Environment

–Software Frameworks •Cloud computing provides a persuasive platform for hosting significant data-intensive applications. •Some researchers are still working on a trade-off between performance and energy-awareness.

–Novel cloud architectures •Small size data centers vs large size data centers.

–Software Licensing –Client incomprehension –Ad-hoc standards as the only real standards

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