establishing the government
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Chapter 4 section 1 Objective 1.01 – What were the domestic issues & conflicts during the Federalist period. Establishing the Government. What defines the structure of our government?. The Bill of Rights The Constitution The Declaration of Independence The Magna Carta. 28 of 28. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Establishing the Government
Chapter 4 section 1Objective 1.01 – What were the domestic issues & conflicts during the Federalist period
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What defines the structure of our government?1. The Bill of
Rights2. The
Constitution3. The Declaration
of Independence
4. The Magna Carta
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The Constitution
Structure of our governmentBill of Rights – from the Virginia
Declaration of Rights by George Mason
Cabinet – group of department heads that help the President execute laws
Capital is in New York
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1st Elections!!!!
1789George
Washington elected unanimously
Serves as president from 1789 – 1797
John Adams serves as his vice-president
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Under George Washington:4 Cabinet positions were created initially Secretary of State
– Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Secretary of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
Attorney General – Edmund Randolph
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Judiciary Act of 1787 Organized the federal court system 1st Chief Justice – John Jay Enumerated Powers – powers given to
the federal government in the constitution
Expressed Powers – powers specifically stated in the Constitution
Implied powers – powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution
Strict Construction – favors expressed powers only
Loose Construction – favors loose interpretation of the Constitution
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What is a tariff?1. Tax on virtually
everything2. Limit on goods
imported3. Tax on goods
imported4. Tax on goods
exported
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Financing the GovernmentFinancial Problems
War debts ($ 57 million) & no incomeTariff of 1789 – James Madison’s plan
to get out of financial problems Tonnage – tax based on how much ships
carryHamilton & Madison begin to
disagree
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Hamilton’s Plan – 4 Parts1ST PART **Tariff of 1789
Tax on imported goods not only would earn the government money but would also protect newly emerging American industry in the north
OPPOSITION Some Southerners
The tax would mostly affect them since they were the ones mostly buying imported goods and selling their goods overseas
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Hamilton’s Plan – 2nd part
Assumption Act Government should
borrow money to finance itself
How? Buy Rev. War bonds
at ORIGINAL face value rather than disregard them
Selling of more bonds
Opposition War Veterans &
Southern Farmers They lost money
originally Northerners making
money off their losses The Tariff of 1789 would
pay for the bonds which was a tax on Southerners
James Madison Compromise – Move the capital from New York to a southern location – District of Columbia
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Washington DC
NY & Philadelphia had other functions
Foggy Bottom had no other use but as seat of the government
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What entity acts as our government’s bank today?
1. The National Treasury
2. The Federal Reserve
3. The 1st Bank of the US
4. Bank of America
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Hamilton’s Plan – 3rd Part
**The National Bank Purpose
Issue paper money Manage nation’s debt Issue loans to
government & individual
Result Promote trade Encourage investment Stimulate economic
growth
Opposition Southerners
Northerners would control the wealth
Jefferson;James Madison
NO EXPRESSED or enumerated power to create a bank in the Constitution.
Washington signed the law creating the bank in 1791 for only 20 years
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Hamilton’s Plan – 4th part
Excise Taxes: Tax on specific targeted products.
1791 – Whiskey Tax was created
Opposition : *The Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania distillers
Result – Washington sent 13,000 troops to restore order
Importance – showed the dominance of the federal government over the states; peaceful protest only allowed
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Result of Hamilton’s PlanThe Rise of Political PartiesFEDERALISTS
Northerners (New England) Strong national
government Wealthy & educated
should rule Trade and manufacturing
are key to wealth Government should
promote manufacturing Protective tariffs to protect
industry Loose Constructionists
DEMOCRATIC - REPUBLICANS
Southerners & western farmers
Strong state governments Strict constructionists Wealthy corrupt the
government Strength of nation in
farmers Government should
promote agriculture Protective tariffs burdened
farmers
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All of the following are parts of Hamilton’s plan except:1. National Bank2. Tariff of 17893. Income Tax4. Debt
Assumption
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George Washington & Foreign PolicyGeorge Washington & Foreign Policy
1789- French Revolution begins (Americans are split)1793- French radicals seize control & execute thousands-including the French KING & QUEEN• American Federalists were horrified at the French Revolution• American Democrat-Republicans- applauded the French fight for
liberty • France Declared war on Britain- problem (the US traded with both
nations)• Treaty of 1778- US treaty with France required the US to help
defend French colonies in Caribbean= could mean war with Britain!
• 1793- George Washington declared the US neutral ** British begin to intercept US ships carrying goods to French ports, British inciting Indians in NA to attack US settlers.US citizens demand war with Britain
George Washington & Foreign Policy
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Jay’s TreatyG. Washington sent John Jay to Britain to seek a solution.Parts of the Treaty• Jay forced to agree British had right to seize cargo• US did not get compensation for US MERCHANTS• British agree to international arbitration• British agree to give up forts in US (NEVER LEAVE)• US gets most favored nation trade statusOutcome/Reaction in US** Republicans attacked the treaty** Public protests **Temporarily kept the US out of war with Britain
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Pinckney’s Treaty
Also known as Treaty to San Lorenzo1795- Spain gave the US the right to
navigate the Mississippi River & use port of New Orleans
Pleased western farmers
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US Western Expansion Americans settlers flocked to the area
between the Appalachian mountains & Mississippi River.
1792- Kentucky became a state 1796- Tenn. Became a state Northwest Territory: Chief Little Turtle
united the Miami, Shawnee, Delaware to defend land.
President Washington sends Gen. Anthony Wayne to defend white settlers.
1794- The Battle of Fallen Timbers- US defeated Little Turtle and the Miami Confederacy= ended Indian resistance in Northwest Territory.
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Treaty of Greenville (1795)12 Native American Nations signed a treaty with the U.S.
Results of Treaty • Indians gave up part of S. Ohio & Indiana• Indians get $10,000 per year from U.S.• By 1803- Ohio became a state (rapid white settlement
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Northwest Territory
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Election of 1796
After two Terms, Washington stepped down as President (establishes 2 term tradition)
1796 Presidential Election (John Adams v. Thomas Jefferson)
Dirty politics as “Jeffersonian’s” were called “fire-eating Salamanders, poison sucking toads”
Adams won 71 Electoral votes to 68; Jefferson became Vice President!
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Washington’s Farewell
Avoid Political PARTIESAvoid SectionalismAvoid “foreign entanglements” stay
neutral but trade with other nations.