etsi en standards update ism band wireless … en standards update ism band wireless devices 2.4 ghz...
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ETSI EN Standards Update ISM band wireless devices 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band
Harmonized Standards: ETSI EN 300 328 v1.8.1 and ETSI EN 301 893 v1.7.1
Why is Regulation necessary?
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radiated electromagnetic waves as
Radio Frequencies are
limited natural resources therefore usually the usage of electromagnetic waves
is
right of the state 0 Hz Radio Spectrum Management and Protection 400 Ghz
ITU
used by government: military applications
used by others: non-military applications
Regulation
Regulation of the Internal Market by European Directives
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72/245/EEC Motor vehicles 73/23/EEC "Low voltage directive"
78/404/EEC Simple pressure containers
88/378/EEC Toy safety
89/106/EEC Building products
89/336/EEC, 92/31/EEC 2004/108/EEC Electromagnetic compatibility 89/392/EEC, 91/368/EEC Machines
89/686/EEC Personal protective equipment
90/384/EEC Non-automatic scales
90/385/EEC Active implantable medical devices
90/396/EEC Gas regulating devices
92/61/EEC two- or three-wheel motor vehicles
1999/5/EEC R&TTE directive (Radio Equipment and Telecommunications terminal equipment)
92/42/EEC Efficiency of hot water boilers
93/42/EEC Medical devices
93/97/EEC Satellite radio devices
R & TTE Directive Article 3(2)
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EMC
Manufacturers’ responsibilities under the R&TTE Directive
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Key Words o Effective use of spectrum o Avoidance of harmful interference
Essential Radio Tests for “effective use of spectrum” • Modulation accuracy • Data transfer rates • Robustness inside use environment
Essential Radio Tests for “avoiding harmful interference” • Power restrictions • Spectrum restrictions (BW and “leakage”) • Sharing of the resource
Tests to achieve the aims of Article 3.2 ı Space Distance covered by a certain power level Antenna assembly gain Beamforming gain
ı Time Duty Cycle, Dwell time TxOn times, TxOff time Tx-sequence Tx-gap
ı Frequency Power Spectral Density Frequency occupation / timing / accuracy (frequency hopping radios)
ı Organizational R&TTE Directive references the List of Harmonised Standards
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European Harmonized Standards
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Specific Standards Issued
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Version Turn – Effective Date January 1, 2015
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Version Turn with major changes to conformance tests
+ Old Version equipment required
New Version equipment required
New Version requires testing for “Adaptivity” (LBT, DAA) and summation of MIMO transmission power
ETSI EN 300 328
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ETSI EN 300 328 V1.8.1 (2012-06)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband transmission systems;
Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and
using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
ETSI EN 300 328 – Wide Band Data Transmission
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Examples of Wide Band Data Transmission equipment are:
l IEEE 802.11™ RLANs [i.3], l Bluetooth® wireless technologies, l Zigbee™, etc.
This equipment can be used in fixed, mobile or nomadic applications, e.g.:
l stand-alone radio equipment with or without their own control provisions; l plug-in radio devices intended for use with or within a variety of host
systems, e.g. personal computers, hand-held terminals, etc.; l plug-in radio devices intended for use within combined equipment, e.g.
cable modems, set-top boxes, access points, etc.; l combined equipment or a combination of a plug-in radio device and a
specific type of host equipment.
Radio equipment operating in the band 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz
Structure of ETSI EN 300 328
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Frequency Hopping
Everything Else (fixed frequency)
Frequency Hopping Radio Tests
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Power Control Tests
Frequency Control Tests
Spurious Tests
Interoperability Tests
Adaptive – Coexistence Tests
Fixed Frequency Radio Tests
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Power Control Tests
Spurious Tests
Interoperability Tests
Adaptive – Coexistence Tests
Test Definitions – Power and Frequency Tests ı RF output power is mean equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) during a
transmission burst on all antennas (including gain, beam-forming and MIMO can’t exceed 20 dBm)
ı Duty Cycle is the total transmitter 'on'-time inside a 1 second observation time (burst duty cycle for fixed and hopping frequency cycle for hoppers)
ı Tx-sequence is the period during which a single or multiple transmissions may occur and which shall be followed by a Tx-gap
ı Tx-gap is a period in time during which no transmissions occur.
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Test Definitions – Power and Frequency Tests ı Occupied Channel Bandwidth is the bandwidth that contains 99 % of the power
ı Power Spectral Density is mean equivalent EIRP spectral density during the burst (maximum PSD is limited to 10 dBm per MHz)
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ı Dwell Time that a hopping frequency is occupied during a single hop
ı Minimum Frequency Occupation Time is the minimum time each hopping frequency shall be occupied within a given period.
ı Hopping Sequence is the unrepeated pattern of the hopping frequencies
ı Hopping Frequency Separation is the frequency separation between 2 adjacent hop frequencies.
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Additional Tests for Frequency Hopping Radios
Medium Utilization – must play nice with the other kids ı The Medium Utilization (MU) factor is a measure to quantify the amount of
resources (Power and Time) used by non-adaptive equipment. The Medium Utilization factor is defined by the formula:
MU = (P/100 mW) × DC where: MU is Medium Utilization factor in %. P is the RF output power expressed in mW. DC is the Duty Cycle expressed in %.
NOTE: The equipment may have dynamic behavior with regard to duty cycle and corresponding power level. See clause (5.3.1 e).
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Annex A: Crib Notes for EN 300 328
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Frequency Time BW
Spurious Emissions Test
Transmitter Spurious Emissions Test
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Receiver spurious emissions
ı Receiver spurious emissions are emissions at any frequency when the equipment is in receive mode (transmitter is turned off during test).
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Adaptivity / Coexistence Tests
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Adaptivity / Coexistence
EN 300 328 Technical requirements for Adaptivity A Device must adapt to is operating environment if: ı The EIRP is higher than 10 dBm (violates space restriction) and / or ı The MU is higher than 10% (violates time restriction) Other tests may still fail, but are often caused by the test mode of the DUT
Devices adapt by detect(ing) and avoid(ing) (DAA) other transmitters The access point (AP) will use energy detection to “look” for competing signals Called Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) Must switch to adaptive mode if finds energy Must command clients to deal with switch to adaptive mode Must keep checking, and adjust again as needed
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EN 300 328 Technical requirements for Adaptivity Buzzword and Acronym Review (Bostonian version) EIRP = equivalent isotropic radiated power (don’t hog my space, bro) MU = medium utilization (don’t hog my time, yo) CCA = clear channel assessment (hello, do yous guys see me out here) DAA = detect and avoid (then do something already) LBT = Listen before talk Full process of playing nice in the ISM band. Standard wants devices to listen, and make spectrum or transmission time slots unavailable when other signals are present
OEMs can call it something else, but either you restrict your transmission rates or power all the time, or must be adaptive and restrict them when another transmitter is detectable
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Receiver Blocking Test
Definition: ı Receiver blocking is a measure of the capability of the Adaptivity mechanism to
operate as intended in the presence of an unwanted signal (blocking signal) on frequencies other than those of the operating channel and the adjacent channels.
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ETSI EN 300 328 Annexes
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ETSI EN 300 328 Annex E Application form for testing
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EN 301 893 v 1.7.1 For 5 GHz Band
ı Same general tests but with different limits
ı Implements Transmit Power Control for non-continuous bands
ı Must use Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Sense and avoid Doppler weather radar If sees 5 GHz signals must abandon channel
ı Adaptivity reserved for other RLANs Time delay to get clear channel
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Channel Availability Check for Radar
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Clear Channel Assessment for other WLANs
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Insider Info: EN 300 328 V1.9.1
ı Now the bad news ı WiFi OEM’s aren’t happy with changes Didn’t pay attention, industrial automation OEMs shaped the standard
ı WiFi OEMs have “shaped” a version 1.9.1 up for vote that makes many
of these tests “optional” ı Both versions could issue Jan 1, 2015 (V1.8.1 comes in force in 2015)
ı So all this may not really matter if the WiFi OEMs have their way
ı Will be interesting to see outcome
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Lane Change Assist
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Collision Avoidance
The Future? 802.11P Car-to-Car Communication