European JHA Diplomacy

by ANIS H. BAJREKTAREVIC

CONSTRUCTING WORLD ORDERS

SGIR Conference, Den Haag

09 11 September 2004

New World Security and the Role of Europe

European JHA Diplomacy -

Anis 2004

Prologue:

Of Paradise and Confrontational Nostalgia

Four men leading one man bound

One man whom the four men hound

One man counted bound and led

One man whom the four men dread

Stone Sleeper, Mak Dizdar

European JHA Diplomacy -

Anis 2004

Summary

Intro: the EU JHA

Perceptions & Perception Index

Presentation of the Survey

Policy Proposals (tentative)

European JHA Diplomacy -

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EU JHA State of Affairs

Process/es

Integration: Centripetal and Centrifugal forces

between the Brussels enlightening despotism and the MS residing fears

The IGC breakthrough Ratification of Constitution

The EU Enlargement and (promotion of) New Neighborhood policy

(from Morocco to Russia and partnerships beyond)

Transnational challenges

EU as a strong partner of single voice within and beyond its

borders

Human and Environmental disaster management (incl. asylum)

Transnational Organized Crime (incl. laundering, corruption, etc.)

(trafficking in and smuggling of) drugs, humans, arms; E-crimes, etc.

International terrorism (incl. ABC particles proliferation)

European JHA Diplomacy -

Anis 2004

Comprehensive Terrorism Survey

Survey span: Mid May Mid June 2004

Records of 300 persons asked: 202 Students from Austria:

Females: 132 ; Males: 70

98 Students from elsewhere: EU 15: 44 (France 9; Germany 6; Spain 6; Finland 6; Sweden 5; Italy 4; UK 3; Belgium 2; Portugal 1;

Denmark 1; the Netherlands 1)

New EU 10: 17 (Poland 5; Slovakia 3; Czech R. 2; Slovenia 2; Hungary 1; Latvia 1; Cyprus 1; Estonia 1;

Malta 1)

Non-EU Europeans: 11 (Swiss 3; Norway 2; Turkey 2; Ukraine 2; Croatia 1; Bulgaria 1)

Non-Europeans: 26 (Canada 6; US 5; Russia 3; Australia 2; Mexico 1; India 1; Pakistan 1; New Zealand 1;

South Africa 1; China 1; Morocco 1; S. Korea 1; Chile 1; Malaysia 1)

European JHA Diplomacy -

Anis 2004

Comprehensive Terrorism Survey

Composition of 300 persons asked:

Gender Female: 61,oo%

Male: 39,oo%

Age Below 20: 15,67%

Between 20 35: 81,oo%

Between 35 60: o3,oo% Over 60: o0,33%

Occupancy Studying: 89,oo%

Working: o9,67%

Retired/Other: o1,33%

European JHA Diplomacy -

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Q1: I associate terrorism with the Middle East.

Agree: 43,33%

Disagree: 51,00%

Don't Know:

5,67%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

ccc

European JHA Diplomacy -

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Q1: I associate terrorism with the Middle East.

EU 15 Agree: 44%

Disagree: 50%

Dont Know: o6%

10 New EU Members Agree: 59%

Disagree: 41%

Dont Know: oo%

Non EU Europeans Agree: 36%

Disagree: 46%

Dont Know: 18%

Non Europeans Agree: 31%

Disagree: 65%

Dont Know: o4%

European JHA Diplomacy -

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Q2: I associate terrorism with Muslims.

Agree: 32,00%

Disagree: 62,33%

Don't Know:

5,67%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q2: I associate terrorism with Muslims.

EU 15 Agree: 32%

Disagree: 61%

Dont Know: o7%

10 New EU Members Agree: 41%

Disagree: 53%

Dont Know: o6%

Non EU Europeans Agree: 45%

Disagree: 55%

Dont Know: oo%

Non Europeans Agree: 19%

Disagree: 81%

Dont Know: oo%

European JHA Diplomacy -

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To understand Muslims and their interaction with the rest

of the world it is essential to differentiate between Islamic

fundamentalism and extremism. Yevgeny PRIMAKOV

Q5: Islam is religion of peace. Using Islam as a way to justify

terrorism is an abuse of the faith.

Agr e e : 7 3 , 0 0 %

Di sa gr e e : 11, 3 3 % Don' t Know: 15 , 6 7 %

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

8 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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In a properly organized society like ours, nobody has any

opportunity for being noble or heroic. Aldous HUXLEY

Q6: The absence of economic opportunities and political freedoms

in Muslim countries drives people toward violent alternatives

including the Al Qaeda-style terrorism.

A g r e e : 5 7 , 6 7 %

D i s a g r e e : 2 9 , 3 3 %

D o n ' t K n o w : 1 3 , 0 0 %

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q3: I associate ANY terrorism with a lack of political alternative and

economic prospects, or w ith the oppression by central authorities.

Di sagr ee: 34, 67%

Don't Know: 10, 33%

Agr ee: 55, 00%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

c

European JHA Diplomacy -

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Q4: Terrorists operate most effectively if they have the tacit support

of the populations around them.

Agree: 66,67%

Don't Know:

12,00%Disagree: 21,33%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

c

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Q11: The temporary suspension of human rights is justified in

combating terrorism.

Di sagr ee: 66, 67%

Don't Know: 16, 00%Agr ee: 17, 33%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q12: Law-enforcement community should be allowed to use physical

coercion to obtain infos on imminent terrorist threats.

Di sagr ee: 61, 00%

Don't Know: 18, 67%Agr ee: 20, 33%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q13: The suspension of legal rights is acceptable in the fight against

terrorism.

Agree: 22,67% Don't Know:

9,00%

Disagree: 68,33%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

8 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q14: Apprehension and detention of persons suspected of support

for terrorism is tolerable, even if there is no credible evidence of

their involvement.

Disagree: 69,67%

Don't Know:

14,33%Agree: 16,00%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

Sum A Sum B Sum C

c

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Q15: Foreign state or non-state entities engaged in or supporting

terrorism should be subject to sanctions.

Agr ee: 71, 67%

Don't Know: 14, 67%Di sagr ee: 13, 67%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

8 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q16: Foreign state or non-state entities engaged in or supporting

terrorism should be subjected to pre-emptive military intervention.

Agr e e : 2 5 , 6 7 %

Don' t Know: 2 0 , 0 0 %

Di sa gr e e : 5 4 , 3 3 %

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q20: Counter-terrorism works best if it operates with the rule

of law (balanc-ing security and civil liberties).

A gree: 6 5,0 0 %

D isagree: 13 ,0 0 %D on' t Know: 2 2 ,0 0 %

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

Sum A Sum B Sum C

European JHA Diplomacy -

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Q25: The death penalty for convicted terrorists is appropriate.

Agree: 25,00%

Don't Know:

9,33%

Disagree: 65,67%

0 , 0 0 %

10 , 0 0 %

2 0 , 0 0 %

3 0 , 0 0 %

4 0 , 0 0 %

5 0 , 0 0 %

6 0 , 0 0 %

7 0 , 0 0 %

Sum A Sum B Sum C

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Q25: The death penalty for convicted t