Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST

1. Industrialmelanismdescribesthechangeinmothcolorfrompaletodarkafterpollutionfromfactoriesresultingincoatingtreetrunkswithalayerofdarksoot.Whichstatementistrueconcerningindustrialmelanism?

a.Afterthepollutionoccurred,mothsbecamedarkbecausesootgotontheirwings. b.Thedarkmothssurvivedbetterafterthepollutionbecausetheywerenotpoisonedbythe

pollutants. c.Individualmothschangedtheircolorinresponsetothepollution. d.Duetovariationinthepopulation,somedarkmothswerepresentinthepopulationevenbeforepollutionoccurred.

2. ThetongueoffrogspeciesXisstickyanditiswellsuitedfortrappingflyinginsects.Otherfrogshavelessstickytongues.ThestickytongueofspeciesXisanexampleof

a.afossilb.anadaptationc.evolutiond.useanddisuse

DichotomousKeyforGenusProblematica

1Thoraxandabdomenareentirelyblack

ProblematicaalvaThoraxisstripedandabdomenisblack Goto2

2Antennaeiscurled

ProblematicabrancusAntennaeisstraight Goto3

3Entirewingspanislongerthanbody

ProblematicacantrellisEntirewingspanisshorterthanbody Goto4

4Wingsarecurly

ProblematicavestigialisWingsarenotpresent

Problematicaapteris

3. Usingthechartabove,towhichspeciesdoestheinsecttotherightbelong?a.Problematicaalvab.Problematicabrancusc.Problematicacantrellisd.Problematicavestigialis

Thefollowingitemsaretobeansweredwiththiskey.Identifytheperson(s)whoareassociatedwitheachstatement.

a.Lamarck b.Darwin c.bothLamarckandDarwin d.neitherone

4. Mostusedorganswilldevelop,andunusedorganswillwasteaway.5. Becauseanindividualbecomesstrongerorfasteritsoffspringwillhavethesetraits.6. Organismsarefixedspeciesandneverchange.7. Organismswilldevelopnewbodystructureswhenneeded.8. Aspecieswillchangeovermanygenerationswhenindividualswithcertaintraitsproducemoreoffspringthanindividuals

withothertraits.

9. Naturalselectionactson_________________whichinturnmayresultintheevolutionof________________overtime.a.Populations,individualsb.Individuals,speciesc.Individuals,Individualsd.Individuals,families

10. Howdoesnaturalselectioncontributetothetheoryofevolution?

a.Overtime,naturalselectionresultsinchangesintheinheritedcharacteristicsofapopulation.b.Naturalselectionselectsforthesameanimalseverytimec.Naturalselectionresultsfromuseanddisuse.d.Overtime,naturalselectionevolvesindividuals.

11. InhisbookOntheOriginoftheSpecies,CharlesDarwindescribedhowspecieschangeovertime.WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofhisobservationsthatdescribesthemechanismsofnaturalselection?

a.Organismsproducemoreoffspringthancansurvive.b.Organismspassonacquiredcharacteristicstotheiroffspring.c.Speciestodaydescendedwithmodificationsfromancestralspecies.d.Organismswithadvantageswillsurviveandreproduce.

12. WhichofthefollowingprinciplesispartofLamarck’stheoryofevolution?

a.Evolutionisagradualprocessthatoccursoverlongperiodsoftime.b.Variationoccursamongindividualsinapopulationwhenindividualsstrivetoimprovethemselves.c.Moreindividualsarebornthanwillsurvive.d.Individualsthatpossessthemostfavorablevariationshavethebestchanceofreproducing.

13. Thestreamlineshapeofsharksandwhales,similarbutnotduetoacommonancestorisanexampleof:

a.Analogoustraitsb.Homologoustraitsc.Artificialselectiond.Vestigialtraits

14. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

a.Analogousstructuresdemonstratecommonancestry. b.Homologousstructuresarethesamebodypartsthataremodifiedindifferentwaysin

differentlinesofdescentfromacommonancestor. c.Fossilscanshowevolutionarychangesinbonesandteeth. d.Themoresimilarityinthestructureoftwoproteinsfromdifferentorganisms,themore

closelyrelatedtheorganismsare.

15. Whichpatternofevolutionresultsinonespeciesbecomingmanyovertime?a. Adaptiveradiationb. Convergentevolutionc. Geneflowd. Analogousstructures

16. WhichofthefollowingisprobablythebestexplanationforthefactthatAntarcticpenguinscannotfly,althoughthereisevidencethatmillionsofyearsagotheirancestorscoulddoso?

a.Penguinsliveonlandandfeedinthewater;thereforetheyhavenoneedtofly.b.TheAntarctichomeofpenguinsisflatandbarren;thereforethereisnoplacetofly.c.Ancestralpenguinswithoutlargewingswerebetterabletoswimandfeedinthewater;thereforetheypassedtheirgenesforshorterwingsstructureontotheiroffspring.d.Ancestralpenguinsdidnotusetheirwingsforlongperiodsoftime;thereforetoday’spenguinshaveonlytiny,nonfunctionalwings.

Belowisacladogrammissingsomeofitsparts.Usethederivedcharacteristiccharttotherightofthecladogramandthiscladogramtoanswerquestions17-20.

17. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterArepresent?

a. Backboneb. Legsc. Haird. Eyes

18. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterBrepresent?

a. Backboneb. Legsc. Haird. Eyes

19. WhattraitseparatestheLEASTcloselyrelatedorganismfromtheotheranimals?

a.Hairb.Legsc.Backboned.Noneoftheabove

20. Fromthiscladogram,wecanconcludethat______________sharesthemostrecentcommonancestorwithhumans.

a.Lizardb.Troutc.Earthwormd.Nonesharewithhumans

21. Duringastudysessionaboutevolution,oneofyourfellowstudentsremarks,"Thegiraffestretcheditsneckwhilereachingforhigherleaves;itsoffspringinheritedlongernecksasaresult."Whichstatementismostlikelytobehelpfulincorrectingthisstudent'smisconception?

a.Characteristicsacquiredduringanorganism'slifearegenerallynotpassedonthroughgenes.b.Spontaneousmutationscanresultintheappearanceofnewtraits.c.Overproductionofoffspringleadstoastruggleforsurvival.d.Onlyfavorableadaptationshavesurvivalvalue.e.Disuseofanorganmayleadtoitseventualdisappearance.

Backbone

A. __________

B. ___________

Human LizardTrout Earthworm

Organism Derived Character

Backbone Legs Hair

Earthworm Absent Absent Absent

Trout Present Absent Absent

Lizard Present Present Absent

Human Present Present Present

Thediagramillustratesanembryonicstageoftwoorganisms.

22. Whichofthefollowingcanbedeterminedbyobservingtheembryosshowninthediagramabove?a. Theorganismsshareacommonancestry.b. Theorganismsbelongtothesamegenus.c. Theorganismsarenativetothesamegeographicareas.d. Theorganismswillgrowintoanatomicallysimilaradults.

23. Overevolutionarytime,manycave–dwellingorganismshave‘lost’theireyes.Tapewormshave‘lost’theirdigestivesystems.Whaleshave‘lost’theirhindlimbs.Howcannaturalselectionaccountfortheselosses?

a. Naturalselectioncannotaccountforlosses,onlyforinnovations.b. Naturalselectionaccountsfortheselossesbytheprincipleofuseanddisuse.c. Underparticularcircumstancesthatpersistedforlongperiods,eachofthesestructurespresentedgreater

coststhanbenefits.d. Theancestorsoftheseorganismsexperiencedharmfulmutationsthatforcedthemtofindnewhabitatsthat

thesespecieshadnotpreviouslyused.

24. Whyhasevolutionresultedinantibioticresistanceinbacteria?a.Bacteriachangetheirmetabolismtocopewiththepresenceofantibioticsb.Bacteriaresistanttotheantibioticssurvivetopassonthischaracteristictotheiroffspringc.Virusesandbacteriaarebothkilledbyantibioticsiftheentirecourseofantibioticsistaken.d.Bacteriahavelearnedhowtoneutralizeeffectsofantibioticsandpassthatontotheiroffspring

25. TobeinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium,apopulationmustbe

a. verysmall,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection.b. verylarge,haverandommating,highimmigrationandemigration,manymutations,naturalselection.c. small,havenonrandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,manymutations,nonaturalselection.d. verylarge,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection.

26. Inapopulationswithtwoalleles.Bandb,theallelefrequencyofbis0.3.WhatwouldbethefrequencyoftheheterozygotesifthepopulationisinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium?

a.0.9b.0.49c.0.42d.0.7

27.Dogbreedssuchasbeagles,BordercolliesandGermanshepherdswereproducedbytheprocessof a.naturalselection

b.artificialselectionc.descentwithoutmodificationd.inheritanceofacquiredcharacteristics

Evolution Answer Sheet NAME____________________________PER___ Record Multiple Choice Answers Below 1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 26. 2. 7. 12. 17. 22. 27. 3. 8. 13. 18. 23. 4. 9. 14. 19. 24. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25.

ExtendedResponseQuestions

28.Explainhowthedataabovecanbeusedforevidenceofevolution.Whichspeciesaremostcloselyandmostdistantlyrelatedtohumans?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.(3points)

29.Thescientifictheoryofevolutionissupportedbydifferenttypesofevidence.Thediagramsbelowshowtheskeletonsoftwodifferentanimalspecies,Modern Whale (A & B) and Maiacetus (C & D). Howdoescomparingtheskeletonsoftheseanimalsprovidesupportforthescientifictheoryofevolution?Usetwoexamplesfromthepicturebelowandexplainhoweachprovidessupportforthetheoryofevolution.(4points)

Species Numberofaminoacidsthatdifferfromthoseinahumanhemoglobinproteinchain(totalchainlength=146aminoacids)

Human 0

Rhesusmonkey 8

Frog 67

Chicken 45

Lamprey 125

Mouse 27

Mouse 27

30. The following dragons were caught out in the field. NO WINGS is a recessive trait. Using the information below, find the allele and genotype frequencies for this population. (3 points)

Show your work here!

33. Using two specific examples from Super Croc or Dogs & More Dogs, explain how adaptations help organisms survive and reproduce. (4 points)

a. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________