ewec 2009 marseille, france design of wind turbine passive smart blades ©university of bristol...
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EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades © University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Slide 1
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Department of Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Bristol, Bristol, UK
[email protected]@bristol.ac.uk
European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition EWEC 200918 March 2009, Marseille, France
European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition EWEC 200918 March 2009, Marseille, France
A. Maheri, A.T. IsikverenA. Maheri, A.T. Isikveren
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 2
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
OverviewOverview
Problems with adopting traditional design approach in design of bend-twist blades
New design approach, variable-state design parameters
Case studies
Summary
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 3
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Aeroelastic TailoringAeroelastic Tailoring
Aerodynamic force
Operating condition
Corrected blade
topology
Inertia force
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 4
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Material/Structural design parameters
Aero Analysis
Aerodynamic performance evaluation Structural performance
evaluation
Overall performance evaluation
Aerodynamic design parameters
Design space search
Analysis
Design candidate
assessment
Structural Analysis
Aero load
Induced twist
Applying Traditional Design ApproachApplying Traditional Design Approach
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 5
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
New Design Approach-Induced Twist a Variable-State Design ParameterNew Design Approach-Induced Twist a Variable-State Design Parameter
),( refstatef
sa xxstatef ,,
refrefroot
root
M
stateM ,
)(
)),(( refstategf
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 6
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Blade topologyAerodynamic
analyser
New Design Approach-Decoupled Simulation New Design Approach-Decoupled Simulation
Iteration Loop
Reference induced twist
Unloaded topology
Aerodynamic load
Aerodynamic performance
rootM refrefroot
root
M
stateM ,
)( Topology
corrector
State parameters
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 7
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Iterative coupled aero-structure analysis
Iterative aero analysis
Structural analysis
New Design Approach-Decoupled SimulationNew Design Approach-Decoupled Simulation
Aerodynamic load
Structural analyser
Material/ Structural
characteristicsBlade topology
Structural performance
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 8
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Material/Structural design parameters
Structural analysisLoad
Structural performance evaluation
+ check for constraint satisfaction
Design space search
Analysis
Design candidate
assessment
Iterative aerodynamic analysis
Aerodynamic performance evaluation
Aerodynamic design parameters
VSDP (Induced twist
at a reference state)
Overall performance evaluation
New Design ApproachNew Design Approach
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 9
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Reduced Structural Design SpaceReduced Structural Design Space
For a given material/structural configuration, once normalised induced deformation has been calculated it is valid for all states as well as all values of material/structural properties
Maximum value at the tip
Span-wise trend
Induced twist (VSDP ) at a reference state
Txx /)()(*
T
R
r
T drrKrM
drrKrM
rr
0 *
*
0 *
*
*
)()()()(
)()(
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 10
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
New Design Approach in PracticeNew Design Approach in Practice
O
I
V
Vav dVVPDFVPP )()(
Rotor speed loop
Wind speed loop
Pitch loop
pPfitness av
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 11
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Design ParametersDesign Parameters Rotor radius Elastic coupling Chord distribution
Pre-twist distribution
– Dependent approach
– Independent approach
Blade pitch angle and rotor speed
refT ,
*,,0,0 designTbladeoriginalbladeadptive
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1r*
Pre
-Tw
ist
(deg
)
Parent 1
Parent 2
cut point
(a)0
2
4
6
8
10
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1r*
Pre
-Tw
ist
(deg
) Child 1 before repair
Child 1 after repair
(b)0
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1r*
Mul
tiplie
r
(c)
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 12
EWEC 2009 Marseille, FranceDesign Case 1Design Case 1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
5 10 15 20 25Wind Speed (m/s)
Po
we
r (K
W)
Original Blade
Adaptive Blade
0
1
2
3
4
5
5 7 9Vav (m/s)
Pe
rce
nt I
ncr
ea
se in
Pa
v
Design case: An approximation of a pitch-control 3-blade V52-850 with a rotor radius of 25 m running at 26 rpm. It is assumed that the blades are made of NACA 63-415
Control modification: None
Constraint: Power
Topology and size modification: None
Material modification : Elastic coupled material, Tip induced twist of at wind speed of
)(8.3, TSrefT smVref /10
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 13
EWEC 2009 Marseille, FranceDesign Case 2Design Case 2
Design case: An approximation of a pitch-control 3-blade V52-850 with a rotor radius of 25 m running at 26 rpm. It is assumed that the blades are made of NACA 63-415
Control modification: Pitch control Stall regulated
Constraint: Power
Topology and size modification: Rotor radius (R=25 m R=26.2 m) Pre-twist
Material modification: Elastic coupled material, Tip induced twist of smVatTS refrefT /10)(6.11,
0
200
400
600
800
1000
5 10 15 20 25Wind Speed (m/s)
Pow
er (K
W)
Original Blade
Adaptive Blade
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
5 7 9
Vav (m/s)P
erce
nt In
crea
se in
Pav
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 14
EWEC 2009 Marseille, FranceDesign Case 3Design Case 3
0
200
400
600
800
1000
5 10 15 20 25Wind Speed (m/s)
Pow
er (K
W)
Original Blade
Adaptive Blade
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 7 9Vav (m/s)
Pe
rce
nt I
ncr
ea
se in
Pa
v
Design case: An approximation of a pitch-control 3-blade V52-850 with a rotor radius of 25 m running at 26 rpm. It is assumed that the blades are made of NACA 63-415
Control modification: Pitch control Semi-activated pitch control
Constraint: Power Flap bending
Topology and size modification: Rotor radius (R=25 m R=26.2 m) Pre-twist
Material modification: Elastic coupled material, Tip induced twist of
smVatTS refrefT /10)(6.11,
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 15
EWEC 2009 Marseille, FranceDesign Case 4Design Case 4
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
5 10 15 20 25Wind Speed (m/s)
Po
we
r (K
W)
Original Blade
Adaptive Blade
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
5 7 9Vav (m/s)
Per
cent
Incr
ease
in P
av0
2
4
6
8
10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0r* (-)
Pre
-tw
ist (
de
gre
es)
Original Blade
Adaptive Blade
Design case: 300 KW stall-regulated constant speed AWT-27 with a rotor radius of 13.7 m running at 53 rpm.
Control modification: None
Constraint: Power
Topology and size modification: Rotor radius (R=13.7 m R=14.45 m) Pre-twist
Material modification: Elastic coupled material, Tip induced twist of
(Graphite epoxy ply angle of 21 degrees and shell thickness of 6 mm)
smVatTS refrefT /10)(7.5,
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 16
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
SummarySummary Traditional design methods are not efficient enough for performing optimal
design of passive smart blades
– Simulation of wind turbines utilising adaptive blades is an iterative coupled aero-structure process
– High fidelity structural analyser (FEA) is required to obtain reliable induced twists
Introducing the induced twist as a VSDP decouples the aerodynamic and structural analyses
– Dependency of the induced twist on the material/structural characteristics of the blade is taken into account by imposing a proper constraint in structural design phase
– Using a reduced structural design space, situations in which the imposed constraint is impossible to be satisfied are avoided
Presented design tool can be used to investigate the potential benefits of converting conventional blades into adaptive ones
© University of Bristol Department of Aerospace Engineering
Design of Wind Turbine Passive Smart Blades
Slide 17
EWEC 2009 Marseille, France
Questions?Questions?