expert systems.ppt

8/12/2019 Expert Systems.ppt

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Expert Systems

An expert system is a computer

program that is designed to hold

the accumulated knowledge of

one or more domain experts


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KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM


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CONCEPT

USER

FACT

EXPERTISE

KNOWLEDGE

BASE

INFERENCE

ENGINE


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TUJUAN SISTEM PAKAR

Memasyarakatkan Pengetahuandan

Pengalamanseorang pakar

Dapat digunakan non-expert untukmeningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan

masalah oleh pakar sebagai

knowledgeable assistantMemecahkan masalah tanpa kehadiran

seorang pakar


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Components of an Expert System

The knowledge baseis the collection of factsand rules which describe all the knowledgeabout the problem domain

The inference engineis the part of thesystem that chooses which facts and rules toapply when trying to solve the users query

The user interfaceis the part of the systemwhich takes in the users query in a readableform and passes it to the inference engine. Itthen displays the results to the user.

DATABASE


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PARTISIPASI DALAM MEMBANGUN SISTEM

PAKAR DAN ATURAN-ATURANNYA


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Why use Expert Systems?

Experts are not alwaysavailable. An expertsystem can be used

anywhere, any time.Human experts are not100% reliable or consistent

Experts may not be good atexplaining decisions

Cost effective


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Problems with Expert Systems

Limited domain

Systems are not always

up to date, and dontlearn

No common sense

Experts needed to setupand maintain system


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KNOWLEDGE BASE

Rule Based Reasoning

Aturan :IF-THEN

Contoh Rule 1 : IF hewan

berambut dan menyusuiTHEN hewan mamalia

Rule 2 : IF hewan

bersayap dan bertelurTHEN hewan unggas

Rule 3 : IF hewan mamaliadan memakan dagingTHEN hewan karnivora

dll

Case Based Reasoning

Penalaran berbasis

kasus Berisi solusi-solusi,

solusi tersebut akanditurunkan untukkeadaan yang terjadi

sekarang (fakta yangada)


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INFERESI

FORWARD CHAINING

Dimulai dari IF kemudian THEN

Dimulai dari FAKTA kemudian mengujikebenaran HIPOTESIS

BACKWARD CHAINING

Dimulai dari THEN kemudian IF

Dimulai dari HIPOTESIS kemudian untukmenguji kebenaran dicari fakta-fakta yang ada.


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KNOWLEDGE BASE

A1Monitor

RusakA5

Sound

Card

Rusak

A9Prosesor

RusakA13

Kabel IDE

rusak

A2Memori

RusakA6

OS

bermasalahA10

Memori

Kurang

(Upgrade

Memori)

A14

Kurang

Daya pada

PSU

(Upgrade)

A3HDD

RusakA7

Aplikasi

RusakA11

Memori

VGA

Kurang

(Upgrade)

A15Perangkat

USB rusak

A4 VGA Rusak A8 PSU Rusak A12

Clock

Prosesor

Kurang

Tinggi

A16Keyboard

Rusak

A17Mouse

Rusak


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RULE BASE


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FORWARD CHAINING

Contoh :

IFB1 : Tidak ada Gambar

AND

B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal

ditengah monitor

THENA1 : Monitor Rusak


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BACKWARD CHAINING

Contoh

MONITOR RUSAK

Apakah :

B1 : Tidak ada Gambar

AND

B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal

ditengah monitor

HIPOTESA BENAR= 100%


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Teknik Pencarian

Depth First Search

Ruang Pencarian secara Vertical, (Kiri ke Kanan)Keuntungannya : Permasalahan dapat digali lebihmendalam (detail)

Kerugiannya : Waktu lama

Breadth First Search

Penelusuran ke setiap node dalam level yang samasebelum ke level dibawahnya

Keuntungannya : setiap node akan di check secarakeseluruhan pada tiap tingkatan

Kerugiannya : waktu lama ketika berada di node terakhir,tidak efektif karena bisa menyebabkan tidak ada relasi.


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Applications of Expert Systems

PROSPECTOR:

Used by geologists

to identify sites for

drilling or mining

PUFF:

Medical system

for diagnosis of

respiratory conditions


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DESIGN ADVISOR:Gives advice to

designers of

processor chips

MYCIN:

Medical system for

diagnosing blood disorders.

First used in 1979


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DENDRAL: Used to

identify the structure of

chemical compounds.

First used in 1965

LITHIAN: Gives advice

to archaeologists

examining stone tools


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Expert Systems on the Web

http://www.aiinc.ca/demos/whale.html

http://www.vanguardsw.com/

decisionscript/examples.htmhttp://www.exsys.com/demomain.html

http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/car

http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/wine

expert systems.ppt

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