information systems.ppt

7/29/2019 Information systems.ppt

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Overview of the Information Systems

Currently Available to Public Health

Researchers

David WalkerNational Immunization Program

[email protected] (404)630-1882

DIMACS Working Group

October 16, 2002
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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The systematic collection of data pertaining to

the occurrence of specific diseases, the analysis

and interpretation of these data, and thedissemination of consolidated and processed

information to contributors to the program and

other interested persons.

Raska, K. 1966. National and international surveillance in the control of infectious

diseases. WHO Chronicles. 20:313-321

Epidemiological

Surveillance Systems


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Surveillance of specific diseases

Based on public health monitoring or analysis

needs Data collected through public health entities

Detailed definition of data elements, population

sampling methods, and survey administration Often designed to allow patient follow-up

Traditional Epidemiological

Surveillance


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Inventory of CDC Surveillance Systems

76. National Vital Statistics System - Mortality

77. National Vital Statistics System - Natality78. Nonhuman Primate Retrovirus Infections Among Workers

79. Parasitic Diseases Drug Service

80. Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System

81. Pediatric Spectrum (HIV) of Disease

82. Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Data Management System83. Pertussis

84. Plague

85. Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System

86. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

87. Public Health Laboratory Health Information System88. Regional Infertility Prevention Program - Chlamydia

89. Second Longitudinal Study on Aging

90. Sentinel Counties Study of Viral Hepatitis


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Inventory of CDC Surveillance Systems

91. Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks - Asthma

92. Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks - Pesticides

93. Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks - Silicosis

94. Sentinel Site Laboratory-Based Surveillance for Cyclospora

95. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance System (Form CDC-73.126)

96. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance System (Form CDC-73.60A)




100. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Management Information System

101. Shigella102. State-Based Emergency Department Injury Surveillance

103. Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae

104. Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance

105. Surveillance for Giardia


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Intent of data collection for purpose other than

for epidemiological surveillance

May cover a broad range of health issues May not be patient specific

Data structure may not conform to public

health-related data standards May not have population sampling concerns

Administrative Health Data Sources


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Data collected for specific disease or health

issue

Formal sampling protocols employed Usually a specific time frame for administering

surveys

Typically conducted by trained public healthprofessionals

Active Surveillance Design


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Health issue may be more broad or general in

nature

Responders may be self-selected, not sampled Data collection may be on-going without

discrete intervals

Data may be self-reported

Passive Surveillance Design


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State-mandated requirements for disease

surveillance

State and Federal monitoring of potentialoutbreaks of communicable diseases

Provides for individual case investigation

Monitoring of disease spread

Notifiable Disease SurveillanceCharacteristics

N i ll N ifi bl I f i Di


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Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases

United States, 2002

Aids

Anthrax

Botulism

Brucellosis

Chancroid

Chlamydia

Cholera

Coccidioidomycosis

Cryptosporidiosis

Cyclosporiasis

Diphtheria

Ehrlichiosis

Encephalitis

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli

Giardiasis

Gonorrhea

Haemophilus influenzae,

invasive disease Hansen disease (leprosy)

Hantavirus pulmonarysyndrome

Hemolytic uremicsyndrome

Hepatitis

HIV infection

Legionellosis

N ti ll N tifi bl I f ti Di


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Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases

United States, 2002, Continued

Listeriosis

Lyme disease

Malaria

Measles

Meningococcal disease

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

Poliomyelitis, paralytic

Psittacosis

Q fever

Rabies

Rocky mountainspotted fever

Rubella

Rubella, congenital syndrome

Salmonellosis

Shigellosis

Streptococcal diseases

Syphilis

Tetanus

Toxic-shock syndrome

Trichinosis

Tuberculosis

Tularemia

Typhoid fever

Varicella (deaths only)

Yellow fever


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National Electronic Telecommunication

Surveillance System (NETSS)

National Electronic Disease Surveillance System(NEDSS, in development)

HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS)

Sexually Transmitted Disease ManagementInformation System (STDMIS)

Tuberculosis Information Management System

(TIMS)

Notifiable Disease SurveillanceExamples


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Weekly reporting from States to CDC

Provides data for Morbidity and Mortality

Weekly Report (MMWR) Includes patient demographic data (core record)

Includes disease-specific data (extended record)

Case investigation allows additional datacollection and editing

NETSS Characteristics


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National Vital Statistics System

Birth and Death certificates filed in states

reported to NCHS Data standards developed by NCHS, but can

vary by state

NCHS prepares public use data files or reportsVital and Health Statistics Series

National Death Index

Vital Statistics ReportingCharacteristics


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Basic demographic data on child and parents

Name, Age, Race, Residential information, etc.

Newborns health status

Weight, gestational age, apgar scores, congenital

malformations, birth method, etc.

Mothers health status

Pregnancy status, STD test results, chronic or

infectious diseases present, hazardous material

exposure, alcohol, tobacco, or drug use during

pregnancy, conditions of labor, etc.

Vital StatisticsBirth Certificate Information


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On-going or annual surveys General surveys

National Health Interview Survey

Complex sampling protocols

Specific to particular health issue

National Fetal Death Mortality Survey

Follow-up on specific health incidents

Monitor specific health provider services

U.S. Influenza Sentinel Physician SurveillanceNetwork

National Health-Related SurveysCharacteristics


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National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

National Immunization Survey (NIS)

National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey (NHANES)

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

(BRFSS)

National Health-Related Surveys

Examples ofGeneral Surveys


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National Natality Survey

National Fetal Mortality Survey National Electronic Injury Surveillance System

Birth Defects Monitoring Program

National Health-Related SurveysExamples of Health Issue-Specific Surveys


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122 Cities Mortality Reporting System

National Hospital Discharge Survey

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey

National Nursing Home Survey

National Health-Related SurveysExamples of Health Provider Surveys


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Voluntary reporting Different individuals may report same incident

Patient, physician, family member, etc.

Multiple records for same incident may containdifferent data

Subsequent events for the same individual may

not be linked

Rates difficult to calculate due to lack of

denominator data

Spontaneous Surveillance SystemsCharacteristics


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Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS)

Reports of suspected adverse events to

pharmaceutical products

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

(VAERS)

Spontaneous Surveillance SystemsExamples


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Medicare and Medicaid Systems

Veterans Administration data system Vaccine Safety DataLink

HMO data for pharmacoepidemiology

Administrative Data Systems

Health ProviderExamples


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Laboratory reporting systems

Vaccine Management System (VACMAN)

Vaccines for Children grant ordering system Insurance company claims processing

Industrial employees records

Ford Motor CompanyTextile plant vaccination records

Administrative Data SystemsOther Examples


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Data captured by commercial or industrial

entities

May not be patient-specific Data may not be complete

Data quality may be suspect

Other Health Data SourcesCharacteristics


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Over-the-counter drug sales from pharmacy or

grocery chains

Emergency response systems (911 calls) Web logs of health-related entities

Media monitoring services

Other Health-Related Data SourcesExamples


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I t ti f D t S


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CDC Information Systems Integration ProjectIntegrating notifiable disease reporting systems,

laboratory reporting systems, and disease registry

systems

Match Medicaid data with VA Hospital data

Provides more complete source of elderly patient

data

Link patient data to Census Block data

Provides demographic characteristics missing from

patient data

Integration of Data SourcesExamples


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Statement regarding Integration

information systems.ppt

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