f unction blood carries the following to the body tissues: nourishment. electrolytes. hormones....
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNCTİON
Blood carries the following to the body tissues:
• Nourishment.• Electrolytes.• Hormones.• Vitamins.• Antibodies.• Heat• Oxygen.
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FUNCTİON
Blood carries the following away from the body tissues:
Waste matter.
Carbon dioxide
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COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
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Components Functions
Water (90%) Solvent for other substances
Ions ( calcium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate)
Osmotic balance,pH buffereing (7.4) ,Maintaining ion concentration of interstitial fluid.
Plasma proteins;FibrinogenImmunoglobulins Albumin
Osmotic balance and pH bufferingClottingDefenseMakes the blood viscous
PLASMA (55%)
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Cellular elements (45%)Cell type Number
per L (mm3) of blood)Functions
Transport of O2 and some CO2
5–6 million
Red blood cells(erythrocytes)
White blood cells(leukocytes)
5,000–10,000 Defenseand immunity
Platelets 250,000–400,000
Blood clotting
BasophilsEosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils Monocytes
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RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTROCYTES)
Increase surface area; allows more oxygen to diffuse in and out of the cells.
Red blood cells do NOT have a nucleus; allows more room within the cells for hemoglobin.
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RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)
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WHİTE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
5 major types;
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FUNCTİONS
Function inside and outside the circulatory system and fight infections and cancer.
They can be put into two main groups:1. phagocytes or macrophages
2. lymphocytes
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PHAGOCYTES
Phagocytes move through the body’s tissues destroying pathogens and their toxins.
ingest and absorb the pathogens or toxins release an enzyme to destroy them.
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LYMPHOCYTES
Carry antibodies that can recognise particular types of pathogen.
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SYNTHETİC EPO INJECTİON
Cyclist Lance Armstrong National and world
champion cyclist. Two time Olympian,
and at one stage 7-time winner of Le Tour de France.
Armstrong then admitted to taking performance-enhancing drugs Erythropoietin (EPO)
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DANGERS
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ANEMİA
Anemia can be caused by low amounts of Hemoglobin or Red blood cells. Excessive blood loss Vitamin and mineral deficiencies Certain forms of cancer Iron deficiency
Page:480
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Anemic person feels tired due to oxygen deficiency in tissues.
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PLATELETS
Round biconvex cell fragments that do not have a distinct nucleus.
First response to body injury is construction of that blood vessel;
To decrease blood loss, To allow time for repearing. Then clotting.
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BLOOD CLOTTİNG
Figure 23.14A_s3
321 Platelets adhere and release chemicals.
A platelet plugforms.Fibrinogen Fibrin
A fibrin clotforms.
Epithelium
Connectivetissue
Platelet
Plateletplug
Fibrin clot
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Within an hour after a fibrin clot forms; The platelets contract, Pull the torn edges closer together, Reducing size of repearing area.
Platelets release chemicalsto situmulate cell division in smooth muscle for healing process.
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DANGERS İN BLOOD CLOTTING
Hemophilia
Paralysis or inner bleeding in organs.
Asprin, heparin and warfarin are anticoagulant drugs which are used to prevent undesirable clotting in patients at risk for heart attack or stroke.
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STEM CELL
Multipotent stem cell Unspecialized cells which have ability to formmultiple types of blood cells.
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Figure 23.15
Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Myeloidstem cells
Platelets
Erythrocytes
Lymphoidstem cells
Multipotentstem cells(in bone marrow)
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LEUKEMİA
Extra white blood cells do not mature normally. They tend to live well beyond their normal life
span. These leukemia cells are unable to fight
infection the way normal white blood cells do. They interfere with vital organ functions,
including the production of healthy blood cells. May be treated by the replacement of cancerous
bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.
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IS İT ETHIC?
Is it acceptable to have a child to provide bone marrow donation to a child with leukemia? Why or why not?