FACILITY: City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant

LOCATION: Tehachapi, CA

GEO. AREA: Southern California

STATUS 07/14: Operational

CONSTRUCTION: Unknown

ENGINEERING: Boyle Engineering

MBR MANUFACTURER: Unknown

OPERATED BY: Unknown

FUNDED WITH: Unknown

COMMENTS:

December 19, 2008

115 South Robinson StreetTehachapi, CA 93561

City of TehachapiProject Description and Funding Request

Wastewater Treatment PlantUpgrade and Expansion Project

for

Project Need Section I

Project Description Section II

Project Benefits Section III

Project Design Section IV

Table of Contents

Section I: Project Need

Project Need

Background

The City of Tehachapi is located in Kern County California in the southern Sierra Nevada mountain range at approximately 4,000 feet above sea level. The City is approximately 45 miles southeast of Bakersfield on Highway 58. The community has an incorporated population of about 11,000 people (including about 3,500 people associated with the California Correctional Institute of Tehachapi). Tehachapi is the only incorporated City in the Tehachapi and Cummings Valleys with a regional population of about 30,000.

Existing Wastewater Plant Description

The City’s current wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treats approximately 850,000 gallons of sewage per day using a conventional secondary treatment process. The California Regional Water Quality Control Board has permitted the City to treat up to 1.25 million gallons per day.

The byproducts from the plant are primarily sec-ondarily treated effluent and sludge. Based on the current level of treatment, these byproducts have minimal reuse capabilities. The effluent is either used to irrigate livestock fodder crops (alfalfa primarily) or is percolated into the ground. The act of percolation can result in impacts to the ground-water quality and is closely monitored by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board. This percolated water cannot be reclaimed for potable water uses. The sludge is dried on-site for many months before being taken to a local landfill or is spread on certain non-food crops in the San Joaquin Valley (Bakersfield area).

Water Supply

The City of Tehachapi has two primary sources of water; groundwater, and surface water from the California Aqueduct. Due to limited groundwater and surface supplies, the City’s water basin is adjudicated thereby restricting the annual ground water yield for potable water use so as to avoid over-drafting the underlying ground water. Since 2006, the City has utilized its entire available an-nual groundwater supply (1,850 acre-feet). There-fore the City supplements its supply by purchasing surface water from the California Aqueduct through the local water master, the Tehachapi Cummings County Water District (TCCWD). TCCWD is re-sponsible for monitoring groundwater consumption and for operating a large series of pump stations which transport water from the California Aqueduct to the region. The cost to import this water to the Tehachapi region is approximately $1,000 per acre-foot due largely to the cost of power. There are a total of 4 natural gas powered pump stations that deliver the water from the California Aqueduct to the Tehachapi region.

To complicate matters, environmental legislation currently dramatically limits the availability of Cali-fornia Aqueduct water. Most recent developments suggest that municipalities can expect only about ½ of their water allocations from the Aqueduct for at least the next ten years. This only further strains the current local and regional water con-veyance system.

Section I: Project Need1 City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion ProjectProject Description and Funding Requiest

Section II: Project Description

General

Through a series of pre-design reports completed in 2005, the City of Tehachapi determined that an upgrade of the current plant to tertiary treatment would help remedy essentially all of the issues noted in Section I. Following this pre-design phase, the City of Tehachapi embarked upon the design of the Wastewater Treatment Plant Expan-sion and Upgrade Project (Project) in 2005. The design for the plant expansion was completed in December 2007 but has sat idle due to insufficient funds resulting from a local and national economic downturn. Please see Section IV for a complete set of design plans in Adobe *.pdf format.

Cost

The City of Tehachapi hired O’Connor Construc-tion Management out of San Diego to perform a detailed construction cost estimate for the project. This was completed in December 2007. The proj-ect is expected to cost a total of $25 million includ-ing project soft costs like construction administra-tion, inspection, permitting, and startup.

Project Description

Schedule

The Project is ‘shovel-ready’ and can be out for a competitive construction bid within 30 days of re-ceiving funding. Physical construction would begin within approximately 75 days following funding.Project Description

The following table seeks to outline the planned improvements for the Project.

Section II: Project Description3 City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion ProjectProject Description and Funding Requiest

List of Planned Improvements for WWTP Expansion

Reroute Influent Gravity Sewer Install a bypass on the existing 30” gravity sewer to divert influent flow to a septage receiving station and screening facility. After construction is complete, influent will flow through the bypass and the portion of the existing 30” sewer that was bypassed will be taken out of service.

Septage Receiving Station Construct 9,000 gallons per day (gpd) septage receiving station on the sewer bypass.

Fine Screening System Replace the two existing grinders (combined capacity = 3.6 MGD) with two screens with a combined capacity of at least 7.0 MGD. Two screens, in separate channels, will be installed to provide redun-dancy.

Pavement Construct a road to and pavement around the septage receiving station and fine screen basin to facilitate septage unloading and wash-down.Influent Flow Monitoring Replace the existing ultrasonic influent flow meter (maximum flowrate = 4.0 MGD) with a magnetic-type meter rated for 5.0 MGD.

Oxidation Ditch The oxidation ditch will be modified for the MBR process. The ditch will be divided in half lengthwise, as two separate chambers. Each chamber will have an anoxic zone (for denitrification and biological nutrient removal) and two aerobic zones in parallel (for nitrification and breaking down organics). Inlet and outlet distribution headers will be installed to divert flows through either or both chambers. The design flow for each chamber will be 3.5 MGD (total capacity = 7.0 MGD).

Oxidation Ditch Anoxic Zone Each anoxic zone will be equipped with top entry slow speed mixers suspended by guide wires or installed over a gangway. The mixer may require multiple impellers to properly suspend the solids.

Oxidation Ditch Aerobic Zone The aerobic zones will be fitted with multiple arrays of fine bubble diffusers for nitrification. Aeration rates will be tapered along the zone to reinitiate denitrification. Baffled walls will separate the anoxic and aerobic zone.

Membrane BioReactors (MBR) A five-chamber MBR basin will be constructed to contain five membrane trains. Initially, three-0.5 MGD MBR trains will be installed (total treatment capacity = 1.50 MGD). To clean the membranes, coarse bubble diffusers will be installed on the floor of the basin. Adjacent to the MBR basin will be an area to house the membrane’s clean-in place system and store cleaning chemicals.

Return Activated Sludge (RAS) Pump Station

A new RAS pump station will be constructed to handle the increased RAS flow rates. Pumps and pip-ing will be installed to feed RAS to the anoxic chambers. RAS design flowrate = 10 MGD.

Secondary Clarification The existing secondary clarifier will be converted to storing waste activated sludge (WAS) to regulate flow to the centrifuge.

Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) Pump Station

The existing RAS pump station will be converted to pump WAS to the centrifuge.

Sludge Dewatering A screw press system will be installed to dewater the WAS. It will be sized to operate 5 days per week at an influent flow of 2.5 MGD.

Sludge Drying Beds The existing sludge drying beds will be used to store dewatered sludge from the centrifuge. The beds will also provide sludge storage should the centrifuge be inoperable.

Disinfection An ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system will be installed. The UV channel will be designed to house six banks of UV lamps. Three banks of lamps (1.25 MGD) will be installed initially. Additional banks will be installed as flows increase.

Effluent Storage and Disposal Existing effluent percolation ponds and the “Borrow Pit” will continue to operate, while the City builds customer base for reclaiming the treated effluent.

Emergency Generator An additional standby power generator will be installed to supplement the existing generator. The new generator will be installed adjacent to the existing generator.

Section II: Project Description4 City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion ProjectProject Description and Funding Requiest

Section III: Project Benefits

The anticipated benefits for this project are wide ranging in that they will have significant environ-mental benefits as well as positive operational benefits for the City itself. The following is a brief list of the benefits that will be obtained by con-structed the Project:

The primary benefit of the project is the 1. potential recycling uses of the tertiary water. The California Department of Water Resources set goals for water recycling in 1991 under the Califor-nia Water Recycling Act following the 1972 Con-gressional Clean Water Act of 700,000 acre-feet of recycled water by 2000 and 1 million acre-feet by 2010. The state missed the year 2000 goal but this project could help meet the 2010 goal. See the attached educational flyer from the DWR.

The City will be able to utilize the tertiary 2. treated water in place of potable water uses such as landscaping and/or fire suppression. The City has up to $4 million to spend on the development of a recycled water distribution network to either deliver the water to various points of use within the City (i.e. schools, parks, and roadside land-scaping) and/or to the local water recharge basin located approximately 2 miles south of the City WWTP site. When the City completes either or both of these improvements, there will be a direct gallon for gallon reduction in the City’s need to import water from the California Aqueduct. Upon startup, the plant will produce approximately 1,000 acre-feet of tertiary treated water annually.

Reductions in City demand for California 3. Aqueduct water will ease regional needs for water freeing additional water for farming and use by other local communities. Alternatively, reductions in deliveries from the City could reduce needed deliveries from the Aqueduct entirely, thereby re-ducing the number of hours that the 4 natural gas powered pump stations operate.

By switching to tertiary treated water, the 4. City will no longer need to percolate secondary treated effluent as a disposal method, thereby benefiting local ground water quality. Additionally, if the City were to utilize the tertiary treated water for activities other than growing livestock fodder crops, the City could reclaim as much as 100 acres of usable space on their municipal airport property for the development of the airport. There are cur-rently plans for the development of this area of the airport into a light industrial business park.

The sludge dewatering upgrades purposed 5. in the Project would help increase the efficiency of the City’s operation and dramatically decrease the volume of sludge that must be sent to the local landfill.

The septic receiving station will be the first 6. installation of its kind in the region. Based on City calculations, this facility would serve many of the nearly 6,000 septic systems in the region. This facility would save thousands of diesel vehicle miles annually which are currently associated with

Project Benefits

Section III: Project Benefits6 City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion ProjectProject Description and Funding Requiest

delivery of sewage from these septic systems to the nearest receiving station (90 mile round-trip).

As water becomes (or is) the most important natural resource in the State of California, this Project represents the most responsible type of action that municipalities can take in their efforts to protect this commodity. To date, the City of Tehachapi has expended over $1,000,000 of its own funds (the City’s annual total budget is less than $20,000,000) to be prepared to construction this Project.

Section III: Project Benefits7 City of Tehachapi Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade and Expansion ProjectProject Description and Funding Requiest

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water facts No. 23

October 2004

Water Facts are short reports on waterresources issues of general interest. They arepublished periodically by the CaliforniaDepartment of Water Resources and can beobtained free by contacting DWR Bulletins andReports, P. O. Box 942836, Sacramento, CA94236-0001; 916/653-1097.

Water Recycling

Water recycling is the treating and manag-

ing of municipal, industrial, or agricultural

wastewater to produce water that can be produc-

tively reused. It:

• prevents pollution and maximizes resources

by redirecting nutrient enriched treated

wastewater from discharging into streams

and lakes and onto beaches for other benefi-

cial uses, and

• provides an additional source of water that

can be used for beneficial purposes, such as

irrigating farmland or landscapes, ground-

water recharge, recreation purposes and in

industry.

Successful waterrecycling projects require:

• User acceptance and commitment• Public support and acceptance• Addressing institutional constraints• Inclusion in local and regional water plans• Environmental benefits• Economic feasibility

HistoryFor more than a century, California has been usingrecycled water as a non-potable water supply. In thelate 1800s farmers began using wastewater to growcrops and others started using it for landscape irriga-tion. Although early water recycling projects wereinitiated to control pollution, today, as fresh waterbecomes more scarce, the beneficial use of recycledwater has become an attractive option. Recycled waterhas been used to recharge groundwater supplies, tohelp the environment, and in industry.

Figure 1, Municipal Recycled Water Use in Californiain 2002, shows the use of recycled water by categoryduring the year 2002 (State Water Resources ControlBoard, 2003). Out of a total of approximately 525,000acre-feet per year, the survey indicates that agricultur-al irrigation uses about 46 percent of the total recycledwater available annually, followed by landscapeirrigation (21 percent), and groundwater recharge (14percent including seawater intrusion barriers).

PolicyTreated wastewater for non-potable uses is crucial in asemi-arid area such as California, where public policyemphasizes water recycling. California law providesthat the State’s interest in conservation of waterresources requires the maximum reuse of treated

2

wastewater (Water Reuse Law, Water Code Sections461-465). It also provides that the State shouldencourage Californians to develop water recyclingprojects to meet the State’s water needs and augmentsurface and groundwater supplies (Water ReclamationLaw, Water Code Sections 13500-13556).

In 1972, Congress passed the Clean Water Act(CWA), which limits pollution of the nation’s waters.Then, in 1991, the California Water Recycling Act(California Water Code 13577) set recycling goals of700,000 acre-feet of water annually by year 2000 and1 million acre-feet annually by 2010. All of these lawshelp prompt more regulations, policies and publicsupport to control treated wastewater.

In 2000, Senate Bill 2095 (Water Recycling in Land-scaping Act) was approved by Governor Davisrequiring any local public or private entity thatproduces recycled water and determines that within 10years it will provide recycled water within the bound-aries of a local agency, to notify the local agency of

that fact. In turn, local agencies are required to adoptand enforce within 180 days a specified recycledwater ordinance, unless the local agency adopted arecycled water ordinance or other regulation requiringthe use of recycled water in its jurisdiction prior toJanuary 1, 2001.

In 2001, Assembly Bill 331 was passed requiring theDepartment of Water Resources to convene the 2002Recycled Water Task Force with specified member-ship to advise the Department in investigating theopportunities and constraints to increasing the indus-trial and commercial use of recycled water.

The Task Force report to the Legislature, published inJune 2003, contained a number of recommendations toguide the Legislature, State government, publicagencies, the public and all water recyclingstakeholders towards the safe and successfulexpansion of recycled water use to help meet theState’s future water supply needs. The Task Forceidentified and adopted 26 issues with respectiverecommendations.

Figure 1Municipal Recyled Water Use in California in 2002

3

Progress has begun on several of the Task Forcerecommendations. For example, the SWRCB issuedan Executive Memorandum to Regional BoardExecutive Officers on February 24, 2004, setting anew framework for regulating incidental runoffassociated with recycled water use. AB 334(Goldberg, Chapter 172, Statutes of 2003) givescommunities additional flexibility to regulate watersofteners as a source control measure. The followingis a summary of the Task Force recommendations:

Funding for Water Recycling Projects: Statefunding for water reuse/recycling facilities andinfrastructure should be increased beyond Proposition50 and other current sources.

Community Value-Based Decision-Making Modelfor Project Planning: Local agencies should engagethe public in an active dialogue and participationusing a community value-based decision-makingmodel in planning water recycling projects.

Leadership Support for Water Recycling: Stategovernment should take a leadership role inencouraging recycled water use and improveconsistency of policy within branches of Stategovernment and local agencies should create well-defined recycled water ordinances and enforce them.

Educational Curriculum: The State should developcomprehensive education curricula for public schools;and institutions of higher education should incorporaterecycled water education into their curricula.

State-sponsored Media Campaign: The State shoulddevelop a water issues information program, includingwater recycling, for radio, television, print, and othermedia.

Uniform Plumbing Code Appendix J: The Stateshould revise Appendix J of the Uniform PlumbingCode, which addresses plumbing within buildingswith both potable and recycled water systems, andadopt a California version that will be enforceable inthe State.

DHS Guidance on Cross-connection Control: TheDepartment of Health Services should prepareguidance that would clarify the intent and applicabilityof Title 22, Article 5 of the California Code ofRegulations pertaining to dual plumbed systems andamend this article to be consistent with requirementsincluded in a California version of Appendix J that theTask Force is recommending to be adopted.

Health and Safety Regulation: The Department ofHealth Services should involve stakeholders in areview of various factors to identify any needs forenhancing existing local and State health regulationassociated with the use of recycled water.

Incidental Runoff: The State should investigate,within the current legal framework, alternativeapproaches to achieve more consistent and lessburdensome regulatory mechanisms affectingincidental runoff of recycled water from use sites(implemented).

Uniform Interpretation of State Standards: TheState should create uniform interpretation of Statestandards in State and local regulatory programs bytaking specific steps recommended by the Task Force.

Water Softeners: The Legislature should amend theHealth and Safety Code Sections 116775 through116795 to reduce the restrictions on local ability toimpose bans on or more stringent standards forresidential water softeners. Within the current legalprovisions on water softeners, local agencies shouldconsider publicity campaigns to educate consumersregarding the impact of self-regenerative watersofteners (implemented).

Uniform Analytical Method for EconomicAnalyses: A uniform and economically validprocedural framework should be developed todetermine the economic benefits and costs of waterrecycling projects for use by local, State, and federalagencies.

Research Funding: The State should expand fundingsources to include sustainable State funding forresearch on recycled water issues.

University Academic Program for WaterRecycling: The State should encourage an integratedacademic program on one or more campuses for waterreuse research and education, such as through Stateresearch funding.

Funding Coordination: A revised funding procedureshould be developed to provide local agencies withassistance in potential State and federal fundingopportunities and a Water Recycling CoordinationCommittee should be established to work withfunding agencies.

Regional Planning Criterion: State funding agenciesshould make better use of existing regional planning

4

studies to determine the funding priority of projects.This process would not exclude projects from fundingwhere regional plans do not exist.

Funding Information Outreach: Funding agenciesshould publicize funding availability throughworkshops, conferences, and the Internet.

Department of Water Resources TechnicalAssistance: Funding sources should be expanded toinclude sustainable State funding for DWR’s technicalassistance and research, including flexibility to workon local and regional planning, emerging issues, andnew technology.

Project Performance Analysis: Resources should beprovided to funding agencies to performcomprehensive analysis of the performance of existingrecycled water projects in terms of costs and benefitsand recycled water deliveries.

Recycled Water Symbol Code Change: TheDepartment of Housing and Community Developmentshould submit a code change to remove therequirement for the skull and crossbones symbol inSections 601.2.2 and 601.2.3 of the CaliforniaPlumbing Code.

Stakeholder Review of Proposed Cross-ConnectionControl Regulations: Stakeholders are encouraged toreview Department of Health Services draft changesto Title 17 of the Code of Regulations pertaining tocross-connections between potable and nonpotablewater systems.

Cross-Connection Risk Assessment: DHS shouldsupport a thorough assessment of the risk associatedwith cross-connections between disinfected tertiaryrecycled water and potable water.

Permitting Procedures: Various measures should beconducted to improve the administration andcompliance with local and State permits.

Source Control: Local agencies should maintainstrong source control programs and increase publicawareness of their importance in reducing pollutionand ensuring a safe recycled water supply.

Economic Analyses: Local agencies are encouragedto perform economic analyses in addition to financialanalyses for water recycling projects and State andfederal agencies should require economic andfinancial feasibility as two funding criteria in theirfunding programs.

Statewide Science-Based Panel on Indirect PotableReuse: As required by AB 331, the Task Forcereviewed the 1996 report of the California IndirectPotable Reuse Committee and other related advisorypanel reports and concluded that reconvening thisCommittee would not be worthwhile at this time.However, it is recommended to convene a newstatewide independent review panel on indirectpotable reuse to summarize existing and on-goingscientific research and address public health andsafety as well as other concerns such as environmentaljustice, economic issues and public awareness.

Benefits of Recycled WaterFor many communities, an investment in recycledwater could help solve other problems. It can beused to:

• control water pollution;• restore wetlands and marshes;• forestall a water shortage by conserving

freshwater;• provide additional reliable local sources of

water, nutrients and organic matter for soilconditioning;

• provide drought protection;• improve the economic efficiency of investments

in pollution control and irrigation projects,particularly near urban areas; and

• improve social benefits by creating more jobs andimproving human and environmental healthprotection.

How is Recycled Water Used?Recycled water can satisfy most water demands aslong as it is adequately treated. Figure 2, TreatmentLevels to Produce Recycled Water, shows the mostcommon treatment levels. It shows that qualityimproves and possible uses increase as the level oftreatment increases. In uses where there is a greaterchance of human exposure to the water, more treat-ment may be required.

In California recycled water can be used in a varietyof ways, including agricultural irrigation, landscapeirrigation, groundwater recharge, in industry, for theenvironment and recreation, and as indirect potablewater source. Figure 3, Direct and Indirect RecycledWater Use, illustrates examples of planned andunplanned reuse types.

5

Figure 3Direct and Indirect Recycled Water Use

Increasing level of treatment,thus better water quality for human exposure

Disinfection to kill pathogens after these steps allows controlled uses of effluent

PrimaryPhysical

process

removes

some of the

suspended

solids and

organic

matter

SecondaryBiological

processes

involving

microorganisms

remove residual

organic matter

and suspended

material

Tertiary/AdvancedCombinations of

chemical, physical and/or

biological processes to

further remove suspended

and dissolved material,

often involves chemical

disinfection and filtration

processes

Figure 2Treatment Levels to Produce Recycled Water

InfluentR

ecycled Water

6

AgricultureCalifornia farmers use about 250,000 acre-feet ofrecycled waterannually. A surveyconducted in 1997 bythe State Departmentof Water Resourcesand the AgricultureCommittee of theWateReuse Associa-tion indicated that187,195 acre-feet of recycled water have been used on61,553 acres of farm and ranch lands. It showed thatrecycled water in California is used to irrigate a widevariety of crops. In all, the survey found 52 differentcrops being grown with the help of recycled water. Itsuse for agriculture in California—and worldwide—has been shown to be economically and environmen-tally sound.

Landscape IrrigationOver time, recycled water could be the main source ofirrigation: for parks,playgrounds, golfcourses, freewaylandscaping, commer-cial and officebuilding landscaping,and residentiallandscaping. InCalifornia, recycled water for landscape irrigation hasincreased from 40,000 acre-feet per year in 1987 tomore than 111,000 acre-feet in 2002.

Groundwater RechargeRecycled water can be used to recharge groundwateraquifers. It canreplenish, restore,or protect ground-water against salt-water intrusion.Water spreading(percolation from abasin) and injec-tion are the common groundwater recharge practices.High-quality water is necessary for injection. It mayrequire advanced treatment such as reverse osmosis inaddition to what is already required. In California,recycled water has been used to recharge aquiferssince 1970s and according to the 2002 survey, ground-

water recharge including protection against salt-waterintrusion accounts for approximately 15 percent of allrecycled water annually. The portion of recycled waterused for replenishing the groundwater keeps increas-ing as more groundwater recharge activities areundertaken.

IndustryThe potential use for recycled water in industry ishigh. Recycledwater can be pur-chased from asupplier. Or afactory, for example,can recycle its owneffluent. As in othersectors, the use ofrecycled water inindustry has increased from about 6,000 acre-feet peryear in 1987 to more than 27,000 acre-feet a year in2002. Industry can use recycled water for heat dissipa-tion, power generation, and processing.

Environment and RecreationRecycling can not only make extra water available,but also protectsensitive water bodiesfrom pollution.Recycled water canhelp protect andmaintain the environ-ment. It has helped inthe development ofrecreational lakes, marsh enhancement, and streamflow augmentation. It also can be impounded forurban landscape development. In 1987, about 10,000acre-feet of water were used for such purposes. By2002, such volume had increased to more than 53,000acre-feet used for recreational impoundment andwildlife habitat enhancement.

Non-potable Urban UsesNumerous non-potable domestic and urban uses ofrecycled water can be identi-fied. Examples of such urbanuses include the use of recycledwater for fire protection, airconditioning, toilet and urinalflushing, artificial snowmaking, concrete mixing anddust control.

7

The California Water Plan Update considersrecycled water that would otherwise be lost tothe state’s hydrologic system—water that wouldnormally flow to the sea or a salt sink—as newwater supply.

Indirect-potable UsesIndirect potable uses include the recharge of potableaquifers and thereplenishment ofsurface reservoirs.Groundwaterrecharge withrecycled water andindirect potablewater reuse ingeneral share manyof the public health concerns encountered in drinkingwater withdrawn from polluted rivers and reservoirs.Four water quality factors are of special concernwhere recycled water is used in such applications: (1)enteric viruses and other pathogens; (2) organic andinorganic substances including industrial and pharma-ceutical chemicals, residual home cleaning andpersonal care products and other persistent pollutants;(3) salinity; and (4) heavy metals. The ramifications ofmany of these constituents in trace quantities are notwell understood with respect to long-term healtheffects. For example, there are concerns about expo-sure to chemicals that may function as endocrinedisrupters; also the potential for development ofantibiotic resistance is of concern. As a result, regula-tory agencies are proceeding with extreme caution inpermitting water reuse applications that affect potablewater supplies.

Water Recycling GoalsThe Water Recycling Act of 1991 set California waterrecycling goals at 700,000 acre-feet a year by 2000and 1 million acre-feet by 2010. However, the mostrecent survey available conducted by the State WaterResources Control Board indicates that the 2000 goalwas not attained. Nevertheless, water recycling is nowan important component in water management plansand policies. Chances are that the goal of 1 millionacre-feet a year by 2010 will be met or exceeded. TheRecycled Water Task Force projected that by 2030, iffinancial resources become available to water recy-cling projects, the total recycled water use wouldincrease from the current about 525,000 acre-feet toover 2 million acre-feet a year. Of that amount, about1.6 million acre-feet would be considered as newwater supply.

Where Do You Get MoreInformation?Headquarters, SacramentoWater Recycling and Desalination Branch,Office of Water Use EfficiencyDepartment of Water ResourcesPO Box 942836Sacramento, CA 94236-0001

Fawzi KarajehTelephone: (916) 651-9669Fax: (916) 651-9849E-mail: fkarajeh@water.ca.gov

Fethi BenJemaaTelephone: (916) 651-7025Fax: (916) 651-9849E-mail: jemaa@water.ca.gov

Nancy KingTelephone: (916) 651-7200Fax: (916) 651-9849E-mail: king@water.ca.gov

Southern District, GlendaleWater Supply Evaluations Section7700 Fairmont AvenueGlendale, California 91203-1035

Vern T. KnoopTelephone: (818) 548-3028Fax: (818) 543-4604E-mail: vernk@water.ca.gov

Visit Our Web SiteWater Recycling and Desalination Branchwww.owue.water.ca.gov/recycle

Department of Water Resourceswww.water.ca.gov

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Demand Sectors and Examples of MinimumTreatment Levels for Specific Uses to Protect Public Health

Types of Use Treatment Level

Urban Uses and Landscape Irrigation

Fire protection �

Toilet & urinal flushing �

Irrigation of parks, schoolyards, residential landscaping �

Irrigation of cemeteries, highway landscaping �

Irrigation of nurseries �

Landscape impoundment � �

Agricultural Irrigation

Pasture for milk animals �

Fodder and fiber crops �

Orchards (no contact between fruit and recycled water) �

Vineyards (no contact between fruit and recycled water) �

Non-food bearing trees �

Food crops eaten after processing �

Food crops eaten raw �

Commercial/Industrial

Cooling & air conditioning - w/cooling towers � �

Structural fire fighting �

Commercial car washes �

Commercial laundries �

Artificial snow making �

Soil compaction, concrete mixing �

Environmental and Other Uses

Recreational ponds with body contact (swimming) �

Wildlife habitat/wetland �

Aquaculture � �

Groundwater Recharge

Seawater intrusion barrier �

Replenishment of potable aquifers �

*Restrictions may apply

DisinfectedTertiary

DisinfectedSecondary

UndisinfectedSecondary

∗

∗

∗

∗∗

Water Facts No.23 - Water Recycling

State of CaliforniaThe Resources Agency

Department of Water Resources STATE OF CALIFORNIA

DE

PA

RTM

ENT OF WATER RESOU

RC

ES

Section IV: Project Design

115 South Robinson StreetTehachapi, CA 93561