federal department of home affairs fdha federal statistical office fso balancing family and work in...
TRANSCRIPT
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Balancing family and work in everyday life:
a European comparison
Dr. Katja Branger
Social Analysis Section
Presentation at the
UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics
Geneva, 6-8 October 2008
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Family and work balance as a gender topic
• Women, particularly mothers, are now more often economically
active than in the past
• In families it is increasingly the case that both parents work
• The challenge of combining family and professional life concerns
every economically active member of the family as well as the
family as a whole
=> What do the indicators of the UNECE Gender Database show us
concerning family and work balance from a gender perspective
and in international comparison?
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Indicators analysed in this paper
• Working patterns in couple households• Time spent in paid and unpaid work• Part-time employment of men and women
Other indicators to include in future work
• Employment rate by age of youngest child• Employment rate by number of children under 16• Employment rate by age and marital status• One-parent families and children by sex of parent• Unemployment by age• Gender pay gap
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Countries included in the analysis are those with 2005-2006
data in UNECE Database for the three indicators considered:
BelgiumGermanyHungaryItalySpainSwedenSwitzerland
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Working patterns in couple households
Solutions for balancing professional and family life are usually found in the division of labour between the two partners.Couples’ working patterns illustrate the division of labour.
Data show that traditional patterns with the man working full-time are the most common in all countries, occurring in at least 8 in 10 couple households.
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Working patterns in couple households, 2005-2006Only persons aged 25 to 49 years
Source: UNECE Gender Statistics Database
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Hungary
Spain
Italy
Sweden
Belgium
Germany
Switzerland
Man & woman full-time Man full-time / woman part-time
Man full-time / woman not working Man & woman not working
Other pattern
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Working patterns in couple households by presence and age of children in selected countries, 2005-2006
Only persons aged 25 to 49 years
Source: UNECE Gender Statistics Database
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Without children
Child aged up to 6
Child aged more than 6
Without children
Child aged up to 6
Child aged more than 6
Without children
Child aged up to 6
Child aged more than 6
Without children
Child aged up to 6
Child aged more than 6
Hun
gary
Italy
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
Man & woman full-time Man full-time/ woman part-time Man full-time / woman not working
Man & woman not working Other pattern
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Part-time work
Part-time work offers the possibility to solve or mitigate the problem of balancing work and family.
But it can also be a reflection of limited mothers’ participation in the labour force due to insufficient childcare services, as it is the case in Switzerland: mothers who wish to be economically active often cannot find an adequate (and affordable) childcare solution.
Part-time work not only has the positive aspect of enabling people to reconcile professional and private life. It can also mean job insecurity, poor social welfare provision (e.g. in old age) and sometimes fewer opportunities to pursue vocational training or build a career.
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Women
0102030405060
Switzerland
Germany
Belgium
Sweden
Italy
Spain
Hungary
Among all employed Working pattern in couples: part-time
Men
0 10 20
Part-time employed persons in general and those aged 25 to 49 living in couple households, 2005-2006
in %Source: UNECE Gender Statistics Database
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Paid and unpaid work
In all countries there is a clearly gendered role division: looking after the home and the family is still the woman’s or mother’s job, even in countries where women, especially mothers often have paid employment due to their increased participation in the labour force.
In most countries studied, women shoulder a greater total workload of both paid and unpaid work, apart from Switzerland and Sweden, where the burden is shared equally between the sexes.
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Total
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Italy
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
Paid Unpaid
Parents with pre-school children
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time spent in paid and unpaid work, 2000-2004Hours per week, persons aged 15+
Source: UNECE Gender Statistics Database
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Summary
• In most countries a rather traditional division of labour is still very widespread: men working full-time and women working part-time or economically inactive.
• Compared to fathers, mothers are faced with much higher demands when combining family and professional life since in most cases they are responsible for looking after the household.
• Part-time work represents a solution to the problem of balancing work and family, but it can also have negative consequences and be a reflection of insufficient childcare services.
• The working patterns of couple households change fundamentally as soon as children are present, depending of their age.
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Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Statistical Office FSO
Further work
• Completing analysis with indicators mentioned previously• Including the evolution over time