field of dreams: if we rebuild it, will they come back?
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Dennis F. Galletta University of Pittsburgh and President of AIS. Field of Dreams: If We ReBuild IT, Will They Come Back?. Agenda. Scope of the talk AIS-mission and current status Studies showing the enrollment problem Studies examining causes of the downturn - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dennis F. GallettaUniversity of Pittsburghand President of AIS
Scope of the talk AIS-mission and current status Studies showing the enrollment problem Studies examining causes of the
downturn Various efforts to find a solution What AIS is doing about it
We will focus most closely on North America. Why? It has most of the published data Lessons learned their could be useful world-
wide, sharply reducing this problem for other regions
We will also focus on what AIS is, and then what it is doing
Council Orientation 5
To advance knowledge in the use of information technology to improve organizational performance and individual quality of work life.
Council Orientation 6
AIS Membership2001-2007
As of May 31, 2007
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
7
Academic 2,532 2,223
Student 1,102 946 Professional 110 80 Retired Academic 24 17
Total: 3,768 3,266
8
Region One 2,369 62.9% 1,939 59.4% Region Two 742 19.7% 683 21.0%
Region Three 657 17.4% 644 19.8%
Total 3,768 3,266
Countries 81 Non Rich Academic 106 Non Rich Student 45
9
United States 1,944
China 213 Australia 151 Canada 136 United Kingdom 98 Germany 89 Sweden 71 Taiwan 63 Japan 55 Korea 51Total Top Ten
2,871
2006 (as of Nov. 2006) 2007 (As of May 2007)
United States 2,145
Australia 217
United Kingdom 167
Canada 159
Germany 98
India 93
China 90 Sweden
88 Taiwan 78 Korea 67 Total Top Ten
3,202
10
AAIS - Australia and New Zealand
AIS Maroc - Morocco AIS Pakistan AIS Slovenia BENAIS – Benelux Chinese Speaking
Chapter (Global) CNAIS - China EAIS – Egypt HKAIS – Hong Kong HeAIS – Greece
IAIS - Ireland ILAIS - Israel ITAIS - Italy IRIS - Scandinavian JPAIS - Japan KrAIS – Korea LACAIS - Latin America and Caribbean MWAIS - Midwest NAIS - Japan (Nippon) PeruAIS – Peru PLAIS - Poland SAIS - Southern USA
Providing value to members is one key But a healthy field is another
Our enrollment problems are a threat to AIS
There was money everywhere There were plenty of students who were
studying IT
Dick, et al., 2007 (AMCIS) report that enrollment declines of 70% and more are not uncommon.
George, et al., 2005 (CAIS) report sharp (not gentle) 25-75% drops
U of Va reported shutting down the MSIS program and replacing it with executive program
Many schools want to keep the numbers confidential
MIS Majors and Degrees Conferred, 1980 - 2003
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Years
Fall MajorsDegrees
15
Mainframe/minicomputer Client/server
Internet boom
(175)
Source: One School in Texas
Another School in Texas – North Texas State
Source: Becker, Hassan, Naumann, 2006
Source:Georgeet al., 2006
Source: Becker, Hassan, Naumann, 2006
Fast ShrinkageFast Shrinkage Fast GrowthFast Growth Shrinking departments “Tenure not available” for
some faculty PhD graduates: placement
trouble Shrinking PhD programs Eventually takes a toll on
research Tenured faculty let go (tenure
is NOT a guarantee after all) Employers are upset to find no
students
Inadequate departments Tenured faculty not available –
teaching overloads Departments have trouble
hiring Lag in growth for PhD programs Also takes a toll on research Many tenured faculty gone;
limits on PhD students admitted Excessive rebounding—hard to
place BS & MBAs
MIS Majors and Degrees Conferred, 1980 - 2003
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Years
Fall MajorsDegrees
21
Mainframe/minicomputer Client/server
Internet boom
(175)
One School in Texas
NOT THIS!
Causes of the downturn Strategies for increasing enrollments
Ten “megatrends” (Becker et al., 2006) accentuate natural (perhaps uncontrollable) fluctuations General employment statistics Baby boomer population bubble Demand/supply of IS/IT faculty Bureau of Labor Statistics 10-year hiring forecasts Increase in number of IT programs/PhD programs Dot-com and Y2K growth 1993-2001 Salary increases and demand for on-shore employees Supply and price of offshore labor AACSB requirements and pressures
The upturn (George et al., 2006) Caused by ERP, Y2K, Internet
Misunderstandings of the field (Konana, 2005) 9/11 attacks (Koch & Kayworth 2007) Interest (Akbulut & Looney 2007) Less confidence (Akbulut & Looney 2007) Outcome expectations (Akbulut & Looney
2007)
Source: Konana 2005
“There is this huge scare about MIS jobs being outsourced. My mother is always telling me this. The media also presents this point of view.”
“There is too much outsourcing in the IT field. This makes majoring in MIS a risk.”
“I know the economy is picking up, however we all remember 2000 and everyone is scared about MIS because of that. I have several friends … many of them were unemployed for 6-12 months during the recession.”
“I think people don't choose MIS because they think it involves programming computers and they don't want to do it.”
“From what I have heard from peers that have entered into the industry as MIS majors, they get stuck programming and doing Computer Science type stuff instead of business related things.”
“…. I don’t want to be left without a job when I am in 40s..”
Myth: All computing jobs are being outsourced
offshore Facts:
US figures show growth in jobs 1 out of 4 jobs by 2014 Wages are 86% more than average US
private sector
Myth: Computing is all about programming
Fact: Use of computers is ubiquitous in modern
life Broad range of interesting fields Joint degree programs—links with
computing
Myth: Degree in computing & IT has less value than before
tech boom Fact:
Significantly higher than many fields Mechanical engineering $54,600 Computer science $51,700 Accounting $46,500 Economics $47,900 Liberal arts $32,500
Myth: Computing is just for men
Fact: Pervasive in society Taulbee report shows increase in female
faculty/postdoctoral students in US
Myth: the Nerd Factor Geeks, pocket protectors, isolated cubicles,
staring into screen writing computer code Fact:
Collaborative, team-oriented world Good communication skills are key to
success IT has become the language of business
Three main reasons not majoring in IS No jobs Parents said no Too hard
Nicholas Carr? Intense MBA competition: population
down a bit and number of schools very sharply increased Pool is smaller even if we maintain
proportion of MBAs Inflated expectations?
The more we study, the more causes we can find
Difficult to enumerate, categorize, condense
It is not clear how to weigh the causes Many have turned to strategies for
increasing enrollments
Busting myths (thanks, Microsoft!) Curriculum efforts for majors New courses for non-majors Scholarships Marketing efforts Industry impacts (salaries, efforts)
Who is working on these? AIS with ACM (2002 undergraduate; 2000
graduate) Now new MSIS 2006 (Gorgone et al., 2006)
(graduate) ISACA (2004)
Source: Konana 2005
Suggested classes for UG-IM Minor
Focus: Business Analysis & Solutions
MIS 32X – Data Manipulation and Analysis
MIS 373.x – Business process analysis and improvement
MIS 373.x – Business intelligenceMIS 375 – Strategic IT Management
Current classes for UG-IM MinorFocus: Application development
MIS 304 – Introduction to Programming
MIS 325 – Introduction to database management
MIS 333k – Advanced application development
And one of the followingMIS 365 – Data communications and
networksMIS 374 – Systems Analysis &
Design
Industry experience Business process management Project management Communication skills Relationship management Integration skills
Source: AMCIS 2007 panel
We don’t know our story “Bumper sticker” needed
Source: AMCIS 2007 panel
Offer a minor! Courses with likely intense interest:
Wireless networks Hacking Computer forensics Business process management
Any “Chocolate” courses Digital media Personal productivity
Educate high school/undergraduate students Videos Word of mouth Wikis/blogs Personal emails Better web sites Improve, update course titles and content Provide executive summaries of courses
Involve multiple entities Undergraduate clubs Have employed or internship alumni
speakers Use current students Use proactive, educated advisors
Broadening understanding of IT Multiple uses of IT Creativity is part of IT
Emotional issues Make first contact with IT positive Put best teachers in core (required) course Faculty should “advertise” future courses Make the courses consistent
The message itself: Provide clear “What is IS?” message Provide compensation details Obtain multiple executive industry partners Provide placement information Provide facts vs myths Explain the diverse role of MIS Explain how MIS differs from CS and Info
Science
Involve multiple entities Undergraduate clubs Have employed or internship alumni
speakers Use current students Use proactive, educated advisors Get media to cover skills shortfall
Keep students interested Freshman seminars CIO-Student Interaction Forums Speed Networking Games Chocolate Courses Show Cool Stuff Make IT Fun Expose them to software
“Bus car” Article in student newspaper T-Shirt (5 reasons to be an IS major) Orientation to tell majors how smart they are Mixer (rewards for recruiting 2 students) Trip to China (created lots of excitement) Slogan (Launch, Fly, Soar) Former students invited with prospective
ones
Facebook Publicity (local newspaper)
“Labor crisis solved by students” Baylor students designed T-shirt
They were in charge completely SIM-Posium Microsoft-SIM-IBM event Jack Becker: Faculty must get involved in
marketing! Send birthday congratulations Make the entry level course exciting
Hypothesized three antecedents to choice goals: Self-efficacy (ability) Interest Outcome expectations (jobs/salary)
Results were interesting (PLS model) Only interest predicted choice goals directly And interest was itself (r2=.32) predicted by
Self-efficacy Outcome expectations
This means that we do derive benefit from telling them about jobs
We also can benefit by demonstrating that they “can do it”
And we should definitely make it interesting
There are some “canned” videos out there
Some schools have peppered YouTube (very smart) with some inspiring and short videos
We want to avoid students saying underwhelming things about the field
Action research: used IS theory and social exchange theory to design a recruiting event Users would be more likely to attend an event if
they help design it Koch and Kayworth wanted to bring business
people in to tell students about IS careers Actual event grew to one in which there was
an exchange of resources Better understanding of each others’ needs A richer event was designed
SIM studies Conger Luftman, Bullen et al. Kaiser, Beath et al.
ACM, AIS, IEEE brochure
Formed a committee of four Geoff Dick: Industry issues Craig Van Slyke: Marketing Ilze Zigurs: Curriculum Jerry Luftman: Other associations (ACM, SIM,
etc.) Creating a wiki Perhaps a contest
Our goal is to create A repository of materials
Brochures (to be co-branded with AIS and school)
Web sites Videos
Advice with a set of approaches that seem to work
Up-to-date statistics
Wiki should be filled with materials, analysis, resources for all AIS members
To be unveiled at ICIS in Montreal (Dec. 2007)
International contest could ask high school students to bust several myths
This could help address our image problems and remove misconceptions
Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math in the U.S. dropped much more quickly than jobs!
Most current projections show substantial opportunity for new graduates
Many reports of employers already beginning to find it difficult to hire—and this is just the beginning!
American Sentinel University studied the issue IT positions requiring advanced degrees and
business knowledge are growing at a pace like that of the 1990s
Offshoring only threatens low-end occupations
Systems analysts are not at risk
Money Magazine and Salary.com (May 2006) examined 250 jobs in 19 industries and surveyed 26,000 workers about job satisfaction
They attributed top ranking to: Strong growth prospects Strong pay Potential for creativity
Careers were graded on stress levels, flexibility, creativity, ease of entry, and advancement
Result: Money Magazine’s (May 2006) “Best jobs in America” – we have two in the top 10! Software Engineer Computer/IT analyst
What are the two hottest majors in business schools today and how do they rank? #1 Hottest Major (rhymes with “to
dance”) #2 Hottest Major (rhymes with
“surmounting”) People choose majors based on yesterday’s
news!
US Bureau of Labor Statistics (April 2006) tabulated likely employment increases from 2004 to 2014 Computer Scientists and DBAs: 40% increase Systems Analysts: 31% increase Support Specialists and Systems Administrators:
28% increase Programmers: 2% increase
Apply economics of supply and demand: with enrollment declines how are your prospects? Like the article says: “The Future’s so
Bright You’ve Gotta Wear Shades!”
9 of top 11 wealthiest “under 40” (Forbes) had technology background
IT Workers are above workers overall (Hudson 2006 Survey) Satisfied with pay (78% versus 72%) Expect a raise (57% versus 41%) Received a raise (46% versus 33%) Raise based on performance (47% versus
35%)
The 25 Fastest-Growing Jobs The fastest-growing jobs through 2010 from JIST Publishing. Additional information provided by CareerOINK.com. Click on a job title for more information including earnings, outlook, growth, and more.
Job Titles Percent Growth
1. Computer Software Engineers, Applications 100%
2. Computer Support Specialists 97%
3. Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software 89.7%
4. Computer Security Specialists 81.9%
5. Network and Computer Systems Administrators 81.9%
6. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts 77.5%
7. Desktop Publishers 66.7%
8. Database Administrators 65.9%
Five of the top ten high-growth occupations involve technology
Tech job creation has returned to 1999 levels
Tech recruiters are looking hard! IS concentration can enhance students
in finance, operations, marketing, law
Dennis F. GallettaUniversity of Pittsburghand President of AIS