Finnish Research Landscape, Science Policy & Horizon 2020

Eeva Kaunismaa,Department for Higher Education and Science

Knowledge triangle

Innovation

Science and Research

Education

Investment in R&D and talent

3

GDP, change in volume, per cent

Figure 1. Finland’s innovation system in international comparison: input indicators

0

100

200

300

4001. Government R&D budget

2. Annual increase in government R&Dbudget

3. Funding for basic research

4. Government funding of business R&Dand tax incentives for R&D

5. Higher education expenditure onR&D financed by enterprises

6. Business enterprise R&D financed byabroad

7. R&D personnel

8. Foreign students in higher education

9. Foreign-born researchers in R&Dpersonnel

10. R&D in the service sector

11. Venture capital investment

12. Foreign-owned companies' share ofbusiness sector turnover

Average of OECD/EU data Finland Average of the top five countries by indicator

Source: Research and Innovation Council, RIC

Figure 2. Finland’s innovation system in international comparison: output indicators

0

100

200

300

4001. Scientific articles

2. Citations received by articles

3. Funding received from EU 7th R&DFramework Programme

4. Accepted projects in EU 7th R&DFramework Programme

5. Triadic patents

6. International cooperation in patenting7. Knowledge-intensive services exports

8. Non-technological innovation in themanufacturing sector

9. Share of turnover from productinnovations

10. Employment in knowledge-intensivesectors

11. Reduced use of materials and energy

Average of OECD/EU data Finland Average of the top five countries by indicatorSource: Research and Innovation Council, RIC

OECD Policy Recommendations for Finland(February 2013)

• Maintain a strong government support in basic R&D and education

• Improve academic performance by distributing research grants according to performance

• Create incentives for competition, specialisation and scale economies in university research

• Focus government support for R&D, entrepreneurship and start-ups on addressing externalities in terms of education, R&D spill-overs and creating highly productive jobs

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Higher Education Institutions and Research Institutes

8

University (blue)Polytechnic (green)Research institute (red)

Lähde: Euroopan komissio (tilanne 19.6.2012), NAG Partners -analyysi

Suomalaisten välinen yhteistyö

Government Programme and joint objectives of the higher education

system

Reduction of poverty, inequality

and social exclusion

Consolidation of public finances

Enhancing sustainable economic growth, employment and

competitiveness

An open, fair and confident Finland

In 2020, the Finnish higher education system provides higher quality and is more international and more efficient than today.

Strong units of higher

education as the foundation of expertise

Faster transition to working life from high-

quality education

Competitiveness, well-being and effectiveness through research and innovation

activities

Internationalisation safeguards quality

Development of the higher education

community

Government Programme

Contracts between universities and the Ministry of Education and Culture

Task, profile and focus areas of the

university

Central development targets

Funding

Higher education• Higher education network is still too fragmented, structural development to be

continued– starting in 2013, an art university will be created though a merger of the Sibelius Academy, the

Academy of Fine Arts and the Theatre Academy– to enhance the quality and efficiency of higher education, measures will be taken to promote joint

use of facility services and teacher resources across institutional boundaries• Polytechnics to be reformed

– the steering of polytechnics based on financing and statutes will be reformed from the beginning of 2014 to expedite their structural reform and to improve the quality and impact of their operations.

– operating licences of polytechnics will be revised from the beginning of 2014– greater regional impact and more close links between polytechnics and regional development and

working life • Quality education expedites entry into the labour market

– the reform of higher education admissions and study structures by the end of 2015 in order to expedite entry into higher education

– first-time applicants' chances of being admitted to be improved • Promotion of researcher training and research careers

– the annual target for the number of doctorates is 1,600. – universities will shift the focus from researcher training to the development of researcher careers

(tenure tracks)• Measures will be taken to improve conditions for basic research in universities and

for innovation and product development in polytechnics in particular• Great emphasis on internationalisation of HEIs

Funding of the Finnish HE sector

Public funding for HEIs: • Universities € 1,8 bn (state), Polytechnics € 0,9 bn (state

and municipalities)- Funding allocated to the universities and to the polytechnics in a lump

sum

• Public research funding allocated to universities also by Academy of Finland & Tekes € 0,3 bn

• Private funding to HE institutions mainly to R&D

Research Funding in Finland, 2012,

millions of €

• Universities

• Universities, research

• Gov. research institutes

• Academy of Finland

• Tekes

• Foundations

• EU (FP7*)

1800

583

306

324

552

250

110

University Personnel

1 Lu

onno

ntie

teet

2 Te

kniik

ka

3 Lä

äke-

ja te

rvey

stie

teet

4 Maa

- ja

met

sätie

teet

5 Yh

teisk

unta

tiede

6 Hum

anist

iset

tiet

eet

Kaikk

i 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Proportion of Women in Different Career Ladders, %

Naisten osuus / I porrasNaisten osuus / II porrasNaisten osuus / III porrasNaisten osuus / IV porras

1995-2012 2013-

Doctoralprogramme

Director

Doctoralprogramme

Director Nationaldoctoral

interuniversitynetwork

programmeDirector

Nationaldoctoralnetwork

programmeinvolvingresearchinstitutesDirector

Internationaldoctoral

programmeDirector

Entrance to doctoral studies varies

doctoral students

Doctoral studies

doctoral students

Doctoralprogrammes

Director

Nationaldoctoral

interuniversitynetwork

programmeDirector

Nationaldoctoralnetwork

programmeinvolvingresearchinstitutesDirector

Internationaldoctoral

programmeDirector

Responsibility of student entrance is clear

Graduate school boardEntrance procedure, supervision, guidance,

evaluation, follow-up, feedback

Transferable skills

Discipline specific education

Discipline specific education

Discipline specific education

Doctoral Training

To create a genuinely

international higher

education community

Promotion of global

responsibility

Supporting a multicultural

society

Education and expertise export

Increase in the quality and

attractiveness of higher education

institutions

Internationalisation Strategy for HEIs 2009-2015

Academy of Finland funding for foreign researchers/ career grants

(10% in 2008, 15 % in 2011).

Source: Academy of Finland 2012.

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Decision-making in the European Union

European Commission’s (legislative) proposal

European Commission’s power of execution/implementation

Council’s Working Party

Coreper

Council

EuropeanParliament

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Council of the European Union

Interest ofthe European Union(common interest)

CouncilPresidency

- compromise

EuropeanCommission

- initiative

Member States- national interest

Member States- national interest

Current Negotiations on Horizon 2020

• Positive progress in trilogies• Council Presidency (IE) goal: General Agreement in June• Still under discussion

– Some structural questions (spreading excellence, widening participation, science for and with society)

– Some objectives and actions regarding e.g. SMEs, energy, cultural heritage

– Questions regarding implementation (e.g. full cost model, time-to-contract)

• The implementation at national level when the negotiations are finalised– The role of the Academy of Finland and Tekes

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Photo: Sara Djupsund