FIRST AID: BLEEDING

Done by:Ali Fakih

Abass Al DanaAhmad Al Siblani

Represented for : Lina al hajj houssein

Definitions:  Hemorrhage: Rapid blood loss 1)Adult: 1 quart may lead to shock2) Child: 1 pint loss of blood

BLEEDING Sources of Bleeding:Sources of Bleeding:

EXTERNAL BLEEDING

INTERNAL BLEEDING

Internal Bleeding: 

Internal Bleeding Look for: Black stoolsBright red stools Cough or vomit withblood Fractured ribs or bruises overLower chest, non menstrual vaginalbleeding

Internal Bleeding: What To Do: 

What To Do Monitor ABC’s Lay on side ifappropriate (expect vomiting) Treat forshock Raise legs 8-12 inches (ifconscious) Cover victim Bruises: Ice,ace wrap, elevate ,medical supportimmdiatly 

Monitor internal bleeding

Use RICE produre:RestIceCompress area with elastic bandageElivate the injur extemity

Sources of External Bleeding: Arterial Bleeding: Arterial Bleeding Most serious / arteries are usually deep in the body Rapidand profuse blood loss Bright red / spurts Less likely to clot Must use means to stop blood flow  Venous Bleeding: Venous Bleeding Steady flow / bluish-red May be profuse More easilycontrolled Veins are closer to the body surface Can be serious  Capillary Bleeding: Capillary Bleeding Easily controlled Blood oozes Road rash  Blood Vessel Spasm: Blood Vessel Spasm Severed arteries Artery draws back into the tissueArtery constricts and slows bleeding Partially severed arteries Associatedwith greater blood loss Example: amputations  

MORE SEVERE BLEEDING USE A CLEAN CLOTH

TO APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO WOUND

IF BLEEDING CONTINUES, ADD MORE CLOTH AND PRESSURE DON’T REMOVE FIRST

CLOTH

BLEEDING

IF BLEEDING CAN’T BE STOPPED BY APPLYING DIRECT PRESSURE, ELEVATE THE WOUND ABOUT THE HEART WHILE APPLING PRESSURE

BLEEDING

IF BLEEDING CONTINUES, GET MEDICAL HELP IMMEDIATELY

Dressing: Material placed directly over a wound

Bandage: Material used to Hold Dressing

Dressing

Dressings Used to control bleedingPrevents contamination Dressingsshould be: Sterile Larger than thewound Thick, soft, compressible Lintfree (no cotton balls)

Types of Dressings: 

Gauze pads Adhesive strips Trauma dressings Improvise Donut shaped  

Dressings Application

Wash hands Dressing should extendover edges of wound Do not touchdressing surface that is to be next tothe wound Place medications directlyonto pad Cover with a bandage Removalof Dressings Soak “stuck” dressing inwarm water

Bandages

Application of Bandages Leave toes and fingers exposed ifpossible Bandage too tight? Check forcolor, circulation, temperature Wraptowards the heart Small end of bone tolarge end  

Types of Bandages: 

Bandages Roller gauze ImprovisedTriangular Cravat Adhesive paper tape Adhesive strips Tourniquets

Cut Leg: 

Someone Has A Cut LegA Cut Leg: What ShouldYou Do? (external bleeding / dependson severity) Call for help whennecessary Protect yourself from bodilyfluids Expose the wound Apply sterilegauze pad (dressing) Apply constant,direct pressure for 10 minutes (don’tpeak)  

Cut Leg If dressing becomes bloodsoaked do not remove dressing, add others over it After 10 minutes, ifbleeding persists apply pressure harderand over a wider area for 10 moreminutes (seek help)

Perform First aid for Bleeding of Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Extremityan Extremity

All Bleeding stops eventually

Stop it before it runs out

Step # 1:

Expose the Wound

Use Caution with Burns or if in a Chemical Environment

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Step # 2:

Apply & Secure a Field Dressing

Expose the WoundPrepare DressingOpen DressingApply to woundSecure dressingTie tails in Non-Slip Knot

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityPerform First aid for Bleeding of an Extremity

Step # 3:

Apply Manual Pressure

Direct Pressure for 5 to 10 Minutes

Step # 4:

Elevate the Injured Limb

Do this at the same time as Applying PressureDO NOT elevate a suspected Fracture

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Hold And WrapHold And Wrap

Step # 5:

Apply a Pressure Dressing

Only on a wound of the Arm or LegPlaced on top of the field dressing

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Need a Need a hand ???hand ???

How about a How about a Tourniquet ?Tourniquet ?

Step # 6:

Determine if a Tourniquet is Needed

Only when all else Fails

Not on wounds to the Head, Neck, Chest

Not used on amputation of part of Hand or Foot

Is used on amputation of Upper Arm, Forearm, Thigh or Lower leg

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Step # 7:

Gather Materials for Making a Tourniquet

Tourniquet Bands

Rigid Object

Securing Materials

Padding

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Step # 8:

Select Tourniquet Site

Upper Arm

Thigh

Above the Joint, as Close to Joint as Possible

Not over a Fracture

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Step # 9:

Apply a Tourniquet

ONLY USED AS LAST RESORT

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Application Of Tourniquet(Tying of Half-Knot)

Application of TourniquetApplication of Tourniquet(Positioning Stick)(Positioning Stick)

Application Of Tourniquet(Full-Knot on Stick)

Secure StickSecure Stick

Step # 10:

Dress an Amputation

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityExtremity

Step # 11:

Mark the Casualty

•“T” and time of Tourniquet application• Do not cover tourniquet• Monitor Casualty and Treat for Shock

Perform First aid for Bleeding of an ExtremityPerform First aid for Bleeding of an Extremity

Types of Open Wounds :

Types of Open Wounds Abrasion – scrape Incision – smooth edged cut (not in text) Laceration – jagged irregular edges Puncture – deep, narrow stab wound High rate of infection (animal bites) Should heal from inside out Gently press on wound edges to promote bleeding – rinse wound -dress Avulsion – flap of skin torn loose Amputation – cutting off a body part

What To Do: 

Wear gloves and expose wound Control bleeding Clean wound To prevent infection Wash shallow wound gently with soap and water (betadine) Wash from the center out / Irrigate with water for 5 minutes Severe wound?

Wound Care: Wound Care Do not close wound with steri-strips Use roller bandages (or tape dressing to the body) Keep dressings dry and clean Change at least daily More frequently if wet or dirty Use antibiotic ointments for shallow wounds only Wound Care #2: Wound Care #2 Do not apply: Mercurochrome, merthiolate, iodine, alcohol, or hydrogen peroxide Do not make dressing air tight If dressing sticks? soften with warm water prior to removal

QUESTIONS ??QUESTIONS ??