First Aid Day IV Objectives

• The student will be able to identify the different Types of Burns

• The student will be able to Treat for Burns• The student will be able to identify the term Critical Burns• The student will be able to identify Head and Spinal

Injuries• The student will be able to provide Treatment for Head

and Spinal Injury

SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

BURNS

• Overview– 1st Degree– 2nd Degree– 3rd Degree

Caring for Burns (COPY)

• Cool water and compresses– Reduce further damage– Alleviate pain– Aid healing process

• No creams until burn has cooled

• Activate EMS and monitor victims of severe burns

Burn Care Precautions (COPY)

• Use clean coverings to protect burned areas

• Do NOT remove materials that stick to a burn

• Do NOT apply water to 3rd or sever 2nd degree burns

• Do NOT break blisters

1st Degree Burns (COPY)

• Sunburn, hot object, or household chemical

– Damage to epidermis

– Swelling and tenderness

– Red and dry

– Usually painful

Respond: 1st Degree Burns (COPY)

• Cool Area– Water or cool cloths until pain ceases

• Assist with medication– Ibuprofen, aloe vera, moisturizer

• Monitor and care– Elevate arms or legs if burned

2nd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Partial Thickness: can be very painful

– Damage to several layers beneath the epidermis

– Red and swollen and may blister and weep

– Leave blisters intact

Respond: 2nd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Small <20% of body– Cool with water– Assist with medication (topical cream and

ibuprofen)– Bandage and protect: lightly-dry, non-sticking

bandage

• Large >20% of body– Treat as a 3rd degree burn

3rd Degree Burn (COPY)

• Full Thickness

– Penetrate all layers of skin and damage tissue of fat, muscle, bone, or nerves

– Leathery, waxy, pearly gray, or charred appearance

– Often painless since nerves are damaged

– Pain usually comes from surrounding tissue

Respond: 3rd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Do NOT apply cold water

• Bandage and protect– Dry, non-stick, sterile dressing to reduce

oxygen to the wound– Do not remove items stuck to burn– Care for shock– Activate EMS-get medical help immediately

Chemical Burns (COPY)

• Clean injury

– Flush with water or brush off and remove contaminated clothing

• Bandage and Protect

– Loosely with sterile bandage or clean cloth

Electrical Burns (COPY)

• May have entry and exit points and can impact heart rhythm– Monitor and care for shock and seek medical attention immediately

• Bandage and Protect– Cover entry and exit wounds with a dry/sterile dressing

– Disconnect any power source before approaching scene of an electrical burn

Severity of Burns

• Seek medical attention if unsure about severity– Degree: 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree– Temperature of the source– Location– Age: elderly or young child– Exposure: how long– Size and amount

Critical Burns (COPY)

• Potentially Life– Sensitive areas– Mouth and nose– Multiple areas– Breathing difficulty– Very old or young victims– Chemicals, electricity, or explosives

HEAD AND SPINAL INJURIES

• Overview:– Can result in paralysis, speech or memory

problems, permanent disability, and death.

– Can damage fragile bone and soft tissue including brain and spinal cord

– Skull fracture --Eye injury

– Brain injury --Nose injury

– Spinal injury--Dental injury

Central Nervous System (CNS) (COPY)

• Made up of skull and spinal

column

• Skull protects the brain

• Spinal column protects the

primary communication

pathway between the brain

and rest of the body

Skull Fracture (COPY)

• Force impacting the head can damage the nervous system. Can be life-threatening

– Pain at site of impact

– Deformity of skull

– Bleeding from eyes, ears, and scalp

– Leakage of clear, watery fluid

– Discoloration around eyes

– Penetrating objects

Respond: Skull Fracture (COPY)

• Control bleeding: pressure around edge of wound

• Bandage and Protect: sterile dressing

• Stabilize head and neck against movement

• Call EMS

Brain Injuries (COPY)

• Brain bounces against the inside of the skull

• There is no room for swelling so concussions occur

• If brain injury is suspected have victim rest and activate EMS

Assess: Brain Injury (COPY)

• Confusion/Disorientation

• Headache

• Emotional Unease

• Visual Disturbances

Respond: Brain Injuries (COPY)

• Control bleeding

• Monitor and Care– Head slightly elevated unless spinal injury is

suspected

• Call EMS

Spinal Injuries (COPY)

• Can be identified after a head injury. Spine is in an abnormal position.– Pain or weakness upon movement– Numbness or tingling– Weakness or lack of sensation– Burning sensation– Loss of bowels or bladder control– Paralyzed arms or legs– Head or neck at odd-looking angle

Respond: Spinal Injury (COPY)

• Stabilize head and neck to prevent movement– Lying down: grasp head over ears and hold

until EMS arrives– Sitting or standing: stabilize head or neck

with hands and forearms to prevent movement

• Do NOT move• Call EMS at once

Bell Ringer # 4Oh, Noodles

Scenario #4• Matt is trying his hand at cooking again. He has decided

to make spaghetti for his parents, but when he goes to take the lid off of the boiling water for the noodles, his hand gets burned by steam.  What degree of burn does Matt have, and what could possibly stop the pain?

• Describe what steps you would take to help Matt and

why you would take these actions.