Flare SystemsMrudula Paranjape

OutlineGeneral OverviewShell Upgrader Flare System

What Occurs During Flaring?In its simplest form:Fuel + O2 + N2 CO2 + H2O + N2 + Heat

Smokeless FlaresSteam FlareCoanda PrincipleFluid jet entrains surrounding fluidEnhanced Turbulence

Primary Mixing RegionSteam FilmLow Pressure RegionSteamFlare gasSteam/Air MixtureAnnular SlotAir Drawn in by steamCoandaprofile

Smokeless FlaresAir FlareSmokeless CombustionBy Increased velocityAccelerated mixing of Air and Hydrocarbons

Flare TipsNonsmokeless

Wind DeflectorsFluidic typesealFlame RetainerFlare tip body

Flare TipsSmokeless: Steam FlareCenter steaminjectorSteam ManifoldFrontflamePilotnozzleUpper steam nozzle

Flare TipsSmokeless: Air FlareSpider BurnerInternal Burning

Flare TipsSmokeless: Air FlareAnnular TipJohn Zink Patent

Staged FlaresProvides longer tip lifeAllows maintenance to be performed on individual flares without plant shutdown

Staging MethodsValves

Staging MethodsLiquid Seal

Staging MethodsLoop Seal

Questions?