flow-through electrode capacitive desalination by michael stadermann
DESCRIPTION
September 2012 You will hear about a prototype desalination technique that betters conventional capacitive deionization methods as well as reverse osmosis.TRANSCRIPT
- 1. LLNL-PRES-582152This work was performed under the auspices of theU.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLCMichael StadermannIMAGE
2. 1/6th of the worldspopulation does not havedaily access to freshwater Global market for desalination is $10 billion/yearand expected to double in the next 5 yearsLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821522 57% of the U.Sexperienced drought in2012 3. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821523DesaltedwaterSalt waterPorouselectrodeUCnhcahragregde dC CDD c eclel llV ~ 1 VElectric doublelayer (EDL)Na+Cl-+-Brine 4. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821524 water in electrode does not contributeto desalination slow (60 mins/ cycle) high energy cost low capacity (removes ~1.5 g/L/charge) entire electrode volumecontributes to desalination faster (10-20x) lower energy cost (up to 3x) higher capacity (~4.5 g/L/charge)Flow-between architectureLLNL flow-through electrodearchitecture 5. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821525 hierarchical carbon aerogel (HCAM) 1-5 m macropores 1-2 nm nanopores robust carbon material proof of principal performed with a0.4 ml test cell confirms projected performance technical challenge: recovering waterfrom cell with minimal mixing2 m 6. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821526mature technologyhigh energy efficiency (2.5kWh/m3)membranes are fragilepump(75 atm)energyrecovery 7. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryRO drawbacks FTE-CD advantagesLLNL-PRES-5821527requires high pressurecan be operated gravityfedmechanical energyrecovery (expensive)electronic energy recovery(cheap)efficiency drops with sizesize-independentefficiencyfragile polymer membrane robust carbon electrodemethod limits recovery solubility limits recoveryInfrastructure is 1/3rd of thewater cost. 8. Application Description Target Customers Current PracticeLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-582152Coalbed methane / frackingproduced water treatmentEnergy companies Water is discardedBrackish water desalinationInland municipal watersuppliersROPortable desalination solutionsMilitary, humanitarianorganizationsROHousehold desalination andwater hardness removalConsumer RO, ion exchangers8 9. individual components havebeen demonstratedLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-582152 next steps: 10 ml/hr benchtop pilot(~$500k, 1 year) 10 l/hr scale up(~$3M, 1-2 years)9 10. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-58215210Leah [email protected]