F O ~ ~ lo-MO UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE West Virginia

COUNTV- I

Samuel Washington House. "HarewoodVt AND/OR HISTORIC: I

NATlONAL REGlSTeR OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

I wood @., ,LUCAT!W

STREET AND NUMBER8

~ e f f e r s o n FOR NPS USE ONLY

E N T R Y NUMBER O A T L

I .

S ClTY OR TOWN:

[j. HAME P

COMMON:

Charles Town S T A T E CODE C O U N T Y

West Virginia J-efferson , , . , , ,

13. CLASSfFICATlON , , ,

CATEGORY (Chock O n e

OWNERSHIP

PRESENT USE (check One or ~ ~ r r APP-*W

Agricultural Gov.rnmont Pork Transportation Comments

~ T o m m o r c i a ~ 0 Industrial Private Residence 0 Other (Sp.clfy)

Educational Military Religious

Entertainment Museum Sciantific I

14. QWNEROPPRQPERYY . -

(OWNER'S NAME: I . .. .I

Dr. John A. Washington ( & w d , i (i~?) S T R E E T AND NUMBER:

I Harewood I I C I T Y OR TOWN: ( S T A T E : 1 c o o E I

Court House S T R E E T AND NUMBER:

C I T Y OR TOWN: S T A T E CODE

Charles Town West Virginia -

Historic . . D A T E OF SURVEY: 1936

y U ( 1 9 s h e e t s 1 f 14 Federol 0 State County

bEPOSlTORY F O R SURVEY RECORDS:

Division of Prints and Photographs. Library of ConPress STREET AND NUMBER:

C ITY OR TOWN:

W-

--

'I?

3WRiPt lO#4 - (Check One)

0 a Excellent 0 G o d 0 Fair 0 Oehriora1.d a Ruins 0 U ~ x p o a e d CONDITION -

(Check One) I (Check One) Altered 0 Unaltwred n MOV.~ gX Gigin01 Site I

I E S C R I L I E THE P R E S E N T A N D O R I G I N A L ( I f known) P H Y S I C A L A P P E A R A N C E

Harewood is a large two-story over-elevated basement stone Georgian mansion with a low hipped roof and a chimney a t e i ther end. A stone one-story kitchen wing with jerkin-head roof is located t o the south and is attached t o the main house by means of a lower one-story hyphen. The simplicity of Harewood's design and i ts excellent scale and work- manship endow t h i s plantat ion house with great dis t inct ion.

The main house is 65 f ee t wide and 24 f ee t deep; the or iginal kitchen wing is 40 feet long and 19 feet deep. The walls of both sections are constructed of random f ie ldstone; f i r s t f loor windows i n the main - house have segmental re l ieving arches and second-story windows are topped by f l a t stone arches which a re s e t up against a very f ine modillioned cornice t h a t is car r ied around the eaves. The present one-story stone north wing and hyphen, which w t c h and balance the or ig ina l south wing, were added i n the l a t e 19SOfs. Windows i n t h e main house are adorned by ex te r io r louvered shutters. The 18th century type central porch on the west elevation (originally the archi tectural rear) is a modern reconstruction. The one-story I t a l i c nate central porch on the ea s t (present rear) elevation dates from around 1850. The south kitchen wing has a central chimney and contains two rooms on the f i r s t f loor , a kitchen and dining room (now a bedroom) above these i n the l o f t were t h e sleeping quarters fo r the house slaves.

The main house has a cen t ra l h a l l plan with a s ingle large room on e i t h e r s ide and the house is a l so only one room deep. The center h a l l contains a very f ine stairway which is s e t against the south wall. The most important room i n the house archi tectural ly is the drawing room, which i s located t o t h e north of t he ha l l . The drawing room is lighted by two windows on e i t h e r side, and opposite the entrance door is the f i replace wall. The wal ls a r e panelled from f loor t o ce i l i ng with a l l the window--openings, entrance doors, and mantel flanked by Doric p i l a s t e r s on pedestals. A f u l l entablature t ha t car r ies around the room breaks out over t h e p i l a s t e r s , creating ver t ica l s from f l o o r t o ceil ing. This accentuates t he 12-foot cei l ing height and gives t he room a unusually monumental qua l i t y f o r domestic work. The entablature is elaborated with a pulvinated f r i e z e and dent i l course i n the cornice. The pedestals have bold caps and there is an unusually de l ica te cha i r rail. The areas between t h e p i l a s t e r s a re t reated with broad, simply- moulded panels, and the overmantel is a large, s ingle panel over s i x f ee t wide and four f e e t high. This unusually simple overmantel con- t r i bu t e s t o the excellent s c a l e of the omp position and allows the a t ten t ion t o center on the superb f i replace facing. This is of dark green marble, i n th.e form of a broad architrave. The backband is r i c h l y carved with egg-and-dart ornament, beaut i ful ly mitred with acan- thus leaves a t the comers . This frame is mounted on bold p l in ths and the openings is bordered by a moulded, beaded f i l l e t . Extraordi- na r i l y simple i n form, t h i s mantel is one of the outstanding marble mantlepieces i n Virginia houses and the room, i n Fhe opinion of Thomas Waterman "is one of t h e bes t of i ts period i n the country." Family t r a d i t i o n reports t h a t t h i s mantel was a g i f t from Lafayette.

I

Form 10-300. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM I Jefferson FOR NPS I l S F ON1 Y

Samuel Washington House, IConljnwtion ENTRV NUMBER DATE:

Harewood I * ( N w b o r d l mtrl..) (23

7. Description: (Continued)

On t he south s ide of the center h a l l is the large dining room, a lso with f u l l y panelled walls , deep window sea t s , and wide board f loors . Here the f i rep lace has been r ebu i l t following the removal of a 19th- century mantelpiece. -Ups ta i r s there i s a center h a l l and two large bedrooms.

The main house and south wing a re o r ig ina l and l i t t l e - a l t e r e d except f o r the following: Front and rear porches on the main house date from the 19th and 20th centuries. The south passageway leading from t h e kitchen t o the main house, o r ig ina l ly open on one s ide , has been glassed i n on t he eas t s ide . The e n t i r e kitchen area f l oo r has been paved with brick. Bathrooms have been in s t a l l ed i n t he c lose t s ups ta i r s i n t he main house. The dining room f i rep lace i n t he main house has been reconstructed. A l l brass locks are reproductions and a l l i n t e r i o r sufraces have been ref inished except on the panelling i n t he drawing room where the or iginal paint has been retained. Finally, t he north wing and passageway were added i n the 1950's--the or ig ina l door i n the north end of t he main house leading t o t h i s addition having opened in to space u n t i l t h i s time.

In excellent condition, Harewood is used as a pr ivate residence and is no't open t o v i s i t o r s .

E R l O D (C))eck One or M a e aa A p ~ o p f * t d

Pro-Columbian l 16th Century 18th Century 0 20th Century

15th Century 17th Century (7 19th Century

P E C l F l C D A T E ( S I f l f Applicable and Known) 1770 R E A S OF SIGN! FI CANCE (Check One or ore aa Appropriate)

Abor ig~nol 0 Educotion (7 P o l ~ t ~ c o i a Urban Pionn~ng

Pnhistoric Engineering Relig~on/Pht- 0 Other (Specirv)

0 Histor~c Industry losophy

Apricultun 0 Invention fJ Scionce

Archihcture a Landscape fJ Sculpture

Art Architecture 0 Soc~al/Humon-

Commerce (7 Literoture i tor~on

0 Communications 0 Military Theater

Conservotion 0 Music fJ Tronsportet~on

r A T E M E N T O F S I G N I F I C A N C E

Built by the Virginia a rch i tec t John k i ss fo r Samuel Washington i n 1770, "Harewoodtt i s an outstanding and l i t t l e - a l t e r e d example of a large Georgian stone mansion with a very f ine ly paneled room of great d i s t inc t ion . Except for the front and rear porches, t he brass locks, and a rebus l t f i replace i n the dining room, the exte- r i o r and in t e r io r s of Harewood are or iginal .

HISTORY

Attracted by the f e r t i l e farmland of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, George Washington and h i s brothers began byying land i n present Jefferson County, West Virginia (then Virginia) i n 1750. F i r s t t o leave the re la t ive ly unproductive tidewater. area of Virginia w a s Samuel Washington (1734-1781), who l e f t h i s 600-acre farm on Chotank Creek i n northern Stafford County and moved in to h i s new stone mansion, ttHarewood," i n September 1770. When Samuel died i n 1781 he had accumulated some 3800 acres. This e s t a t e has been divided and subdivided over the years so tha t t he present farm surrounding the mansion consis ts of 260 acres.

Architectural d e t a i l s indicate tha t the builder of Harewood w a s John Ariss, who had b u i l t the more elaborate t'Kenmore" mansion i n Fredericksburg, Va. i n 1752 fo r Samuel's s i s t e r , Betsy Washington Lewis. Established i n Frederick County i n the l a t e 1760's Ariss also b u i l t a house called "Fairfield" fo r Samuel's older f i r s t cousin, Warner Washington.

George Washington's diary records several v i s i t s t o Rarewood. The houses most notable event occurred i n 1794 when it w a s the scene of James Madison's wedding t o Dolley Payne Todd. Dolleyls s i s t e r , Lucy was the wife of George Washington, samuelis son and owner of Harewood.

The Washington family moved from Harewood in to nearby Charles Town i n 1899, placing a tenant farmer i n the old mansion. In 1951 the present owner and h i s family returned t o Harewood and began the renovation of t he old house. S t i l l owned by the Washington family, Harewood is used as a pr ivate residence and is not open t o v i s i t o r s .

Thomas T. Waterman, The Mansions of Virginia (Chapel H i l l , N.C., 19461, 325-330, 417.

t9 . MJMI &~BL~OGRAPMCAL REFERENCES

John A. Washington, llSamuel Washington," The Magazine of the Jefferson County His tor ical Society (Charles Town, W.Va.)Vol. XXXVII,

-- - L A T I T U D E AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES L A T I T U D E AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES

D E F l N l N G A R E C T A N G L E LOCATING T H E PROPERTY 0 D E F ~ N ~ N G THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY

R O F LESS THAN T F N ACRES

CORNER L A T I T U D E LONGITUDE L A T I T U D E LONGITUDE

Degrees Minuter Seconds De reer M i n u h s Seconds De fees Minutes Seconds D e roes Minutes Seconds

N~ 390 18- 14- 7 7 0 5 5 . 00. 390 180 09- 970 54. 57-

West Virginia, A Guide t o t he Mountain S t a t e (American Guide Ser ies) (New York, 1941) , 311.

Hugh Morrison, Early American Architecture (New York, 1952), 353.

I I STATE:

1

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: C OOE

W. -1, Survey Historian OROANI Z A T I O N Division of History, Office of Archeology and OAT'

e 8 / u 7 7 S T R E E T AND NUMBER:

801 - 19th S t r ee t , N.W. C I T Y OR TOWN:

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na-

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

89465). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion

in the National Register and certify that it has been

evaluated according to the criteria and procebres s e t

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended . level of significance of this normnatlon is:

8 National State C1 Local

Title

I Date

T A T E CODE

I hereby certify that this property is included in the

National Register.

Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preeetvat im

Date

ATTEST:

Keeper of The National Register I

F o m 10-300. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR * STATE

UVIY 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE West Virginia

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Jefferson FOR NPS USE ONLY

Samuel Washington (CmrinuniM * s t ) ENTRY NUMBER DATE

House. Harewood r mba .I1 rrM**)

1 1

Boundaries of the Samuel Washington House Property, llHarewood:ll

Approximately 6.5 acres of land, including the Samuel Washington House "Hare~ood~~ , beginning a t the northwest corner a t $ la t i tude 39' 18' 14" - longitude 77' 55' 001', on the southern edge of S t a t e Route 51 then proceeding eas t along the southern edge of sa id road about 509 f ee t t o t he northeast corner a t l a t i t ude 39' 18' 12" - longitude 77' 54' 53"; then going southwest about 517-1/2 f e e t t o the southeast corner a t l a t i t ude 39' 18' 06" - longitude 77' 54' 5511, hence continuing east about 475 f ee t t o the southwest corner a t l a t i t ude 39' 18' 07" - longitude 77' 55' 0111, then returning north about 526.9 f e e t t o t he northwest corner, t h e point of beginning.

Precise boundaries a r e on record on a copy of "Plat of Yard Area- Harewood-in Lands of D r . John A. Washington, Charles Town., Jefferson Co., W. Va. Aug. 1971, by Russell H.: Druschel, Scale 1" t o 100',la on f i l e with the His tor ic S i t e s Survey, Division of History, Office of Archeology and His tor ic Preservation, National Park Service.

. -- 'A,