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Formal Reports

FORMAL REPORTSFormal reports are usually written accounts of major projects that require substantial research, and they often involve more than one writer.

PartsThree Parts

Front matterBody Back MatterFRONT MATTERTitle Page Abstract Table of Contents List of FiguresList of TablesForewordPrefaceList of Abbreviations and SymbolsBODYExecutive summaryIntroduction Text (including headings)Conclusions Recommendations Explanatory NotesReferences (or Works Cited)BACK MATTERAppendixesBibliographyGlossaryIndexTitle PageAlthough the formats of title pages may vary, they often include the following items: The full title of the report. The title describes the topic, scope, and purpose of the reportThe name of the writer(s), principal investigator(s), or compiler(s).The date or dates of the report.The date or dates of the report.Title PageThe title page should not be numbered, as in the example on page but it is considered page i. The back of the title page, which is left blank and unnumbered, is considered page ii, and the abstract falls on page iii. The body of the report begins with Arabic number 1 Center page numbers at the bottom of each page throughout the report.AbstractAn abstract, which normally follows the title page, highlights the major points of the report enabling readers to decide whether to read the report.PurposeMethods and scopeFindingConclusionRecommendation

Table of ContentsA table of contents lists all the major sections or headings of the report in their order of appearance along with their page numbers.TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Ethics and Business Conduct Policies and Procedures . . . 3Confidentiality Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4Documentation of Ethics Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Major/Minor Category Definition and Examples . . . . . . . . . 5

ANALYSIS OF REPORTED ETHICS CASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Reported Ethics Cases, by Major/Minor Category . . . . . . . 6Major Ethics Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..6Minor Ethics Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..8Mode of Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

WORKS CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 13List of FiguresAll visuals contained in the reportdrawings, photographs, maps, charts, and graphsare labeled as figures. When a report contains more than five figures, list them, along with their page numbers, in a separate section, beginning on a new page immediately following the table of contents. Number figures consecutively with Arabic numbers.List of TablesWhen a report contains more than five tables, list them, along with their titles and page numbers, in a separate section immediately following the list of figures (if there is one). Number tables consecutively with Arabic numbers.ForewordA foreword is an optional introductory statement about a formal report or publication that is written by someone other than the author(s). The foreword author is usually an authority in the field or an executive of the organization sponsoring the report. That authors name and affiliation appear at the end of the foreword, along with the date it was written. The foreword generally provides background information about the publications significance and places it in the context of other works in the field. The foreword precedes the preface when a work has both.PrefaceThe preface, another type of optional introductory statement, is written by the author(s) of the formal report. It may announce the works purpose, scope, and context (including any special circumstances leading to the work).

A preface may also specify the audience for a work, contain acknowledgments of those who helped in its preparation, and cite permission obtained for the use of copyrighted works.List of Abbreviations and SymbolsWhen the report uses numerous abbreviations and symbols that readers may not be able to interpret, the front matter may include a section that lists symbols and abbreviations with their meanings.BodyExecutive Summary. The body of the report begins with the executive summary, which provides a more complete overview of the report than an abstract does.

Introduction. The introduction gives readers any general information, such as the reports purpose, scope, and context necessary to understandthe detailed information in the rest of the reportText The text of the body presents, as appropriate, the details of how the topic was investigated, how a problem was solved, what alternatives were explored, and how the best choice among them was selected. This information is enhanced by the use of visuals, tables, and references that both clarify the text and persuade the reader.Conclusions and RecommendationThe conclusions section pulls together the results of the research and interprets the findings of the report

Recommendations. Recommendations, which are sometimes combined with the conclusions, state what course of action should be taken based on the earlier arguments and conclusions of the studyReferences A list of references or works cited appears in a separate section if the report refers to or quotes directly from printed or online research sources.For a relatively short report, place a references or works-cited section at the end of the body of the report. For a report with a number of sections or chapters, place references or works cited at the end of each major section or chapter.AppendicesAppendices are used to give more detailed information about a specific topic that was not included in the main body of the paper. Appendices are for giving extra information to your reader that doesn't need to be in the main body of the document.Glossary In writing, especially professional documents, you will be using words that are unfamiliar with your reader. If an unfamiliar word in your text is used a minimal amount of times you can describe the meaning right next to the usage. When you use unfamiliar words throughout the entire text, you must place a definition in the glossary because it can get quite repetitious to continue to state the definition throughout the entire textIndex An index is a useful communication technique used when your writing is too long for your readers to skim through quickly. An index gives your readers a quick path to certain words or phrases that are easily accessible. When creating an index for a professional document, identify the kind of information that your readers will want to locate. This may also require you to look up words that mean the same thin