formiranje pesnickih zanrova tanja popovic

8/12/2019 Formiranje Pesnickih Zanrova Tanja Popovic

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nCTpaKT Koo KH,U.JICCBHOCZUU lIjX160CWBHllX Cnoeeua XVlI XIX eetca jC3ULtKCU pc.1lI1U03HC pas.tuxe. cyxoii n.umceeuoi U napoouoi jenuca VKDfi Hac.lc .JCHC Uyceojeue tlrpaouuuje. r)UHa;\1UKa U pa seo] CZUU.1CKUX i ipaeaua c.HCHa KH,/QICCBHllX .JICaH-poea. cyxoti KOHClIipr'KZUlleHUX uane.ta yii iuua.iu cy ua OCOfiCHO diopscupan lICCHULtKUX.ncaupoea. Y iioiiipasu sa ciueapaueu HallUOHIUHC Y/VlclIiHUl.fKC lIeCMC ciiajaj ce (PO.IK.lOpHO, ZlpKeCHO U sauaonoeepoiicxo HaC 1e .Je Kp03 iipeaasuc caupooe (pC.1ll1110]HUII uou.tuuuu ciieeoeu], a y yOP3(lHO.W pazeojy n-u.nceenociuu O ~ 1 a 3 1 1 II 00 naciiianxa.WC'dJOeUlIillX canpoea iiecue y iiposu emU.WOaHC noee.ie. .tupcs:e opasie).

KJbyqHC PCLiH: Slavia Ortodoxa - pyC'Ka KH,ll.JZCC6HOclIi - cpiictca KH,U.JlCCeHOCZU- .J1CaHpOell - K ~ 1 / C l t L { l l 3 a . w - ('cHlIillMCHlIilUIl3a/V1 - pO.'vUlHZUZ13a.H - aHaKpCOHIUCKCiiecue - ipabancxa ~ l 1 I p l l K a - pe.iuiuosnu ciieeoeu - uou.iuuuu ciieeoeu - iiccue riiP0311 - ~ 1 l l p C K e opa.. le

CJTOBeHCKO rrpHXBaTaJ-be XpHIllhaHCTBa IX X BCK npecvnno je yrHuaJTO na vofimraanarse rrHCMeHOCTH osor MJIanOr esponcxor napona. Manacy KJ-bH:>KeBHH no-rena CJIOBCHa HCTOBeTHH, TOKOM speveaa crnapajv CCnBC BCpCKC, a caMHM THM H KJ-bH:>KCBHe rpvnaunjc - rrpaBOCJIaBHHX HKaTOJIH tfKHX CJTOBCHa, y caapeueaoj CJIaBHCTHUH 03HaQCHC xao Slavia Or-todoxa H Slavia Romana ITOJTHTH tfKC H pCJTHrH03HC, a y OBOM cnv-rajv HjC3HQKe pa3JIHKC yCJIOBHJTC cy nejezmax pasaoj J-bHXOBHX KJ-bH:>KCBHOCTH. VrrpaBOCJTaBHOM CJTOBeHcTBy nocrojana jc KOJTHKa-TOJ1HKa CarJ1aCHOCT H3MCOy 6orocJIy:>K6cHOr CTapOCJTOBCHCKor) H napormor jC3HKa. ajpanajncrrOMCHHUH - 6C3 063Hpa na TO na J H npnnanajv UpKBCHOM, alIMHHHCTpaTHBHOM HJIH QHCTO J1HTCpapHOM HaCJ1Cny - nncana cy na rOTOBO HCTOMjC3HKY. V KaTOJTH tfKoj TPalIHUHjH MCOyrHM naanaja CC saceoaa YHKUHOHaJ1Ha vnorpcoa JIaTHHCKor H naponnor jC3HKa lllTO je aananaoeaponCKHM napomora, MCOy J-bHMa H CJ10BCHHMa, ovorvhano na pCJ1aTHBHOpaso OCaMOCTaJIC naponan jC3HK xao KJ-bH:>KCBHH y I1TaJIHjH TO je BpCMCZlarrrea H ITcTpapKC y lIy6poBHHKy H llaJIMaUHjH TO jc XV X V I BeK .Ynopeno ca jC3H tfKHM pecpopnaaa onsnjana ce ofinoaa aHTJP-IKC rpannrrajc , npe cnera y nOMcHV :>KaHpOBa H TCMa. Kort BH3aHTHHaua McnyrHM,

I Riccardo Picchio A propos ito della Slavia ortodossa e della comunita lingvisticaslava ecclesiasrica , Ricerche Slavistiche (Rorna) II 19fi3. l 0 5 l n .


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aarn nca kvnrvpa H KI-bH)I CBHOCT HHKalla HHCy HE OHJTC 3arrOCTaBJbCHC.OHC cy cauo rrpCHHal:.JCHC xpHwhaHCKHM rrOrJTCllOM na CBCT, a 3aTHM 11rrpcxpmuhaHCKHM epOJTKJ10pOM HCTOYHI1X napona. vnpano jc TaKBa MCurannua xpmuhancrna H narancrna, BluaHTl1jcKor H q,OJTKJTOpHOr nacncbaYOOJTHl:.JHJTa npaaocnasav CJ1 mCHCKY KI-bH)I CBHOCT TC OI11HO oztpczmna I-bCHllaJbI1 TOK. C l lpyrc CTpaHC, oYllyhH na oorOCJTy)l(oCHH xaparcrep onpcbvjcBH3aHTHjcKC, rra caMHM THM H CJTOBCHCKC npaaocnasae KI-bH)I CBHC q,OPMC,)KaHpOBH CPCllI-bOBCKOBJba OI1THO cy cc pa3JTHKOBaJTH 011 rrpCTXOllHC, aHTW KC rpannunjc.

CaCBHM j npvra-mje OHno ca aanannoeaponcroor KI-bH)fCCBHOCTHMa,l.mjeM CC HaCJTCoy y HOBOM BCKy npunarozmo )l(aHpOBCKH CHCTeM HCKanaunscr BH3aHTHjcKor KOMOHBcnTa. 3anpaBO, MO)l(C cc Y3 H3BCCHC orpaacrrpHMCTHTH zta MOllcpHa esponcxa KI-bJ1)KCBHOCT, OC3 ofisnpa na scpci.vnpnnannocr I-bCHHX napona, nacrajc H nan.e cc paasnja aaxsarsvjvha nrccnera cyllapy ca DB. nyYKOM TpallHUHjOM.2 C 003HPOM na seh Ha3HaYCHYjC3Hl:.JKY cnrvaunjv (JlaTHHCKH H aaponan jC3HK), ann H ua onpebcne noJTHTHl:.JKC 11 HCTOpIijCKC OKonHOCTIi, sananae KI-bH)I CBHOCTH, y npso pCllypOMaHCKC H rcpMaHCKC, y pCHccaHCH cy npCTpnCJTC jC3Hl:.JKY H canposcrcv(p)CBOJIyUHjy. Cnaxcan nponop epOJTKJIOpHC rpannnajc H TCMCJbHO vnosaaBaI-bC (OOHaBJbaI-bC) aHTHYKOr HaCJTCOa YCJTOBIinO je H yCMCpHJTO llaJbHpassoj KI-bH)I(CBHHX OOJTHKa.

HCWTO CJTHl:.JHO TOM npouecv zreurasa CC H Y npaBocnaBHHM cnOBCHCKIiM KI-bH)I(CBHOCTIiMa, aJIH MHoro xacnajc. OllOaUHBaI-bC jemror crapnjerH neh HCTpOWCHor )l(aHpOBCKor CHCTCMa H OKpCTaI-ba tea HOBOM CIiCTCMY,H OB,LlC je OHJIO O,npCbCHO npHXBaTaI-bCM naponae rpamumje, C jC,nHC crpaHe, a ca ,npyrc - TybHM vrauajnaa. Arm BpCMC HaCTaHKa HOBHjC KI-bH)l(CBHOCTH, rconOnHTHYKC OKOJIHOCTH y xojaaa ce TOKOM XVIII H XIXBCKa HaJTa3C rrpaBOCJTaBHH CJIOBCHH, xao H vcaajau,e HC HCnOCpC,LlHO aaTHYKOr nacneba Hero I-bCrOBIiX na 3ana,ny neh npCIiHal:.JCHHX q,OpMH, yl:.JHHHJIH cy paaaojnn nYT KI-bH)I(CBHHX canposa yHCKOJTHKO pa3JIHl:.JIiTIiM.

IlOl:.JCllH HOBIijC pyCKC, cpncKC IiJIIi oyrapcKc KI-bH)I(CBHOCTIi HCpCTKO CC BC3yjy aa pa,nHKaJIHO onfiauaaan,e CTapOCJIOBCHCKor nncaaor nacneba. Ilpexnn ca npebannsosr rpazunnrjoa HIijC CC TOJIHKO BIi,nCO Y noMCHy jC3IiKa KOJIHKO y H OB OM H al:.JH HY nspaxcaaan,a, y yBODCI-by HOBIiXTCMa i caaposa. Ta nmje npHJIHKOM ynJIHBa JTHTCpapHC CTHXIijC ca 3anana, xoja j y cpncxv CpC,nHHy npoztpna y XVIII H XIX BCKy, Y pyCKyHCWTO paanje, ca pecpopnaaa Ilerpa Bemncor a y oyrapcKY TCK nerneCpC,nHHOM XIX BCKa,4 ,nOJIa3H no Hc,n0YMHua OKO Ii300pa HJTH craaparsa

2 Ernest Rober Curtius. Europiiische Literatur lind Latinisches Mittelalter FranckeVerlag Bern und Munchen . Dritte Auflage, 196 1; M. Eaxrmr Toopuectueo


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onroaapajvher KI bH:>KCBHOr jC3HKa. Orvzta ce vo raaajv jC3HqKC mtrnocnjeHJIH qaK TpHrJIOcHjc, npH qeMY jc vnorpefia onpcbcnor HnHOMa HCTOBpe-MCHO YCJIOBJbaBaJIa H I-bCroBy xcanponcxv epyHKUHjy. A1HI oztnv-msaa,e aacaap KOjH jc npnnanao BJI3aHTHjcKOM nacnebv HJIjC Hy:>KHO 3HaqHJIO JIvnorpeov I bCMy onronapajvher UpKBCHOCJIOBCHCKor jC3IIKa. I1 OOPHYTO CTapJI jC3IIK HHjC nonpaavacsao II CTapII )KaHp. Taro cc CTHXOBaHa )KHTHjaMaXOM mnuv ua HapOJlHOM jC3IIKY H Y nyxy epKHO aanazmor vrnuaja YOOJIHqCH jc novohvxojcr apxaa nnrjer IILIHOMa KOjCM je OHO npHMCpCHJIjH npvra mja CTJIJI.IIocrencao aaxaarsvjvhn nOHajBJIWC jC3JI1.JKJIM pcepopMaMa II CBe npIICYTHHjCM vrnuajv ca 3anana, H3 KI bII:>KCBHOCTJI nOJIaKO nccrajv H CTapOCJIO-BCHCKH jC3JIK JI :>KaHpOBJI KapaKTCpJICTIIqHJI sa BH3aHTIIjn:y rpannuajvxao WTO cy :>KIITHja CJIy:>K6c 3anHCH.

Ho KaKO TO 06HqHO 6HBa, OnpHUaI bC On npcrxonne rpanmmje HHjC onBIIjaJJO HarJIO, 6C3 nOCTcnCHIIX npenasa. Y rparaisv sa onrosapajv-OHM )KaHpOBHMa, HOBII nHCUH ocnan.ajv na nauaoaanmr epOJIKJIOp onxojer npevaavajv jC3JIK H epOpMyJIC aspaacaaaa,a, 3aTHM na Bl13aHTHjcKOmIH UpKBCHO HaCJICOC rrpaxaarajvhn OnaTJlC ozrpcbene pCJlHrH03Hc TCMe6H6JlHjCKC HJlH anoxpncpae npaxe H CBC TO npanarobsajv aanannoenpon-CKOM :>KaHpOBCKOM CHCTCMy. roray npso BpCMC y rrpaBOCJlaBHHM CJIOBCH-CKHM KI bH:>KCBHOCTHMa nOMHHJIpajy DB. npCJIa3HH :>KaHpOBH - pCJIHrHO3HH, JInHJlHqHH HJlH jvna ncn enOBJI fiacne y CTHXOBHMa HnHJlC. .JlHpCKH:>KaHpoBH narc, cpopxnpajv na HeWTO zrpvra mju HaqHH, pvxosoheanpa3JlH1.JHTHM crpvjan.nva. Ha I bHX nOCCOHO y pvcxoj KI bH:>KCBHOCTH npc-cvnno YTHqC rpanaunja cppaauvcxor KJlaCHUH3Ma. Kon Cpoa Til vrnuajncy MHorocTpyKH, 6ynyhH zta ce CTHXHjCKH JI HeCHCTeMaTHqHO npevsnaajvH3 pyCKC, HTaJIHjaHcKc HJlH HCMaqKC nHCMCHOCTH. Evrapn KOjH ce HaJla3Cy CrrCUJIepH1.JHOM reorpadxxon H crparemxou OKPY/KCI bY nocrurnvhapaaanjemrjax KI bH/KCBHOCTH rrpuxsarajv H3 npvre HJlH rpehe pyKC.

3HaTHy vnorv y CBOJlyUHjH KI bH/KCBHHX /KaHpOBa HMaJlO je H nenpa-BHJlHO CMCJ bJIBaI bC CTHJICKHX epopMauHja npcvacrnx H3 aananaoeaponctcerpanannjc norrvr CCHTJIMCHTaJIH3Ma KJlaCHUH3Ma HJlH pOMaHTH3Ma. THMnpc ll1TO Y HCKHM on HaBCnCHHX npaaaua /KaHpOBCKH KaHOHJI nojanrsv- rcao 6HTHO o6CJlC:>Kjc CTJIJla. Taxo jc pCUHMO aa KJlaCHUH3aM xapatcrc-PHCTHqHO crporo nOll1TOBaI bC npornrcannx 06JlHKa, nOK, Hanp< HHB, CCH-THMCHTaJIlI3aM, H jour BHll1C pOMaHTH3aM TC/KC tea nopmtarsv cpopaa.nnrxpaarpaaaxetsa. AJIJI, nOK je y pvcxoj KI bH/KCBHOCTH xao aajpaasajenajojMcby npaBOCJIaBHOCJIOBCHCKJIM MoryhHo npaTIITII KOJlIIKO TOJIJIKO jacnvcMCHy CTIIJlCKIIX TOKoBa llOTJlC Y cpncxoj HJlII 6yrapcKoj OHH TCKHa3JIpy y rrojC,llJIHJIM nCJlJIMa JIJlH y CTBapaJIall1TBy onpCbCHI1X rmcaua IIBpJIO CC qCCTO vaajasmo npennahvHa OCHOBy osor JlCTJIMHqHOr rrorncna MO/KC 3aMJICJIHTH KOJlHKOjc 6HJla CJlO/KCHa jC3HqKa, KI bH:>KCBHa ann JI npywTBcHOHCTOpHjCKa CJITY-aunja npaBOCJIaBHIIX CJlOBCHa KOjJI cy CTyrraJJJI Y HOBO JlJITCpapHO nooa.


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124Crora jc CaCBl1M npHpOllHO UlTO jc H pa.moj Kl-bH KCBHHX OOJIHKa 6HOYCJIOBJbCH H zrarse vcxrepanan pa3JIW-IHTHM t.IHHHOIlHMa. Haura naxcrsaOBOM npHJIHKOl\1 aanpxcahe CC yrJlaBHOM na HMaHCHTHHM JIHTCpapHHM t.IHHHOUHMa na he ce norvmaj vrapbnaau.a H orracnaan a CBOJIyUHjC neCHHt.IKHX epOPMH YCPCllCPCllHTI1 aa HCKOJIHKO llOMHHaHTHHX mrran.a: 1 nacvtcof Kl-bH KCBHOr H napoznror jC3HKa; 2 ua cvxof HaCJIChcHC H yCBOjCHCrpanaunje; 3 na llHHaMHKy H pasaoj CTHJICKHX rtpasaua; 4 aa CMCHy naJICCTBHUH xnjcpapxuje KaHpOBa; 5 na cvxof H KOM6HHauHjy crpvxrvpaHJ1H Hat.ICJIa KOHCTpyKUHjC nojemnmx Kl-bH KCBHHX ponosa noc.mje npo3C npane} Ban-a HarJIaCHTH na ce nOMcHYTc KOMnOHCHTC vaajavno BHWCCTpyKO npennnhv na jc TCWKO jcnan np06JICM npov-ranarn 6C3 OCBprau.a aa .npvru CpOllHH. I-bHXOBO H3llBajal-bC cano he novohn zta cc nojcllHHH CJICMCHTH nper ncnanje pa3Mcnpc.

C} Ko KH ltJI eeHOl napoouoi j suxrOTOBO na HCMa CJIOBCHCKC Kl-bH KCBHOCTH Y xojoj 6HTKa aa uapozum

jC3HK HHjC onnrpana jennv Ba KHHjHx vnora y l-bCHOM narsen passojv.Mana jc 60rocJIy K6cHH jC3HK y rpvnaunja Slavia Ortodoxa nacrao naOCHOBaMa napozuror y HOBOMC noov Tj. Y XVIII H XIX BCKy, npHJIHKOMCBC xeurher vnosaaaan a ca aanannoenponctcosr rpananajosr H CBC CHJIHH r rrpoztopa yCMCHC Kl-bH KCBHOCTH ocehana ce nacvuma norpeoa 3a n.erOBOM TCMCJbHOM pecpopvo. Cnrvauaja cc KOMrrJIHKOBaJIa on CPCllHHC noCpCllHHC. Y PyCHjH jC3Ht.IKa pecpopna cnposozta ce najpannje H TO vnpanona OCHOBaMa rmcanor HaCJICoa. Y cpncxoj CPC llHHH HarrpOTHB, anana nornvna 36pKa. TIOCJIC aeh O llaBHO H3 vnorpeoe HCCTaJIC cprrCKOCJIOBCHCKCpenaxunje upxsa nOt.ICTKOM XVIII BCKa npnxaara H pvcxv penaxurrjv.CHM6H030M CTapOCJIOBCHCKor PYCKOCJlOBCHCKor H napoznror jC3HKa CTBapa cc nocefian CJIanCHOCeprrcKH H llHOM jC3HK nose Kl-bH KCBHOCTH. I1CTOBpCMCHO nHCUH CBC xeiuhe caoja rrCCHRt.IKa nena HaCJIOBJbaBajy UpKBCHOMnapnjaaro nox l-bHX cave nuurv Hap0,llHOM.Hnax pallHKaJIHC jC3Ht.IKC pecpopve onsajajv CC TCK onna xana jccava rmcaaa Kl-bH KCBHOCT ynCJIHKO vcsojana aaponnn jC3HK.bop6e HnOJICMHKC CBOllHJIC cy CC aa YTBpOHBal-bC rpaMaTHt.IKHX HOpMH, vaoberseHOBor npanonnca aJIH HHCy llOBO llHJIC Y mrratse Hap0,llHOCT jC3HKa .TIHTal-bC jesmca 6HJIO jc vjenao H rnrrarse CTHJIa. ITHTal-bC CTHJIa rrOBJIat.IHJIO jc aa C060M H rrp06JICM onroaapajvher caapa. TaKO cy na rtpmteprtposua ncna ca BHCOKonapHOM pCTOpHKOM 3aMpWCHOM CHHTaKCOM y3BHWCHOM H Hcyo6WIajCHOM JICKCHKOM jC3Ht.IKH saana 6HJIa 6JIH Ka UpKBCHOMrosopv O llHOCHO rosopv UpKBCHHX Kl-bHra: anoxpncpa 6H6JIHjCKHX HJIH60rocJIy K6CHHX cnnca. TIccHHt.IKa nena CC nate oxpehv npvrn-nrjesr Y30Py,KOjH nponanase y epOJIKJIOpHHM epopMaMa. Ilpaxaarajvhn rro rrpaBHJIY MCTap CTHXOBa - nccerepau napozme jvaa-nce necxe ocaepau JIHpCKC noe3HjC HJIH nOJbCKH rpnaaecrepau nncane Kl-bH KCBHOCTH - rrCCHHUH cy CC


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npHLJ:p l aBaJUI CBHX cpopavna napaxcaaan,a, lIlTO jc nOLJ:pa3yMcBaJIO H vnorpefiv onrouapajvher LJ:aKJIC, HapOLJ:HOr jC3HKa. OCHM MCTpa, na H360pHLJ:HOMa HCpCTKO jc vrnuana H casta TCMa: rOTOBO LJ a HCMa jvna-ncora enaKOjH HHjC uanncan na HapOLJ:HOM jC3HKY.

HapaBHO, HaBC11CHe upilMCpC HC OH TpeOaJIO CXBaTHTH xao npaBHJIO.Tpenjaxoacxn HJIH Xepcaxos cnOBC rnrurv rtpaxrtotno na HapOlIHOM jC3HKY, LJ OK OHH .npvrn aHOHHMHH nHCUH CTHXOBaHa )l HTHja npnnarobasajvUpKBCHOj pCTOpHUH. KOlI Cp6a jc cnrvaunja paana-nrra caMHM THM lIlTOce mrcana KI-blf KCBHOCT nojasrsvjc HCIIlTO tcacanje H y 11pyraqHjHM OKOJIHOCTHMa. Kaxo je neh HarOBCIIlTCHO, OBlIC CC npmrchvje pa3JIHKa H3MCOYrrp03HHX H neCHlfl-IKHX 11CJIa - jenna cy nncana MaXOM na cnaacnoccpnCKOM, a npvra rrpCTCIKHO na HapOlIHOM jC3HKY. AJIH H HMa oncrvnan.a.Y jC3HK npose CBC qCIIlnC rrpOLJ:HpC rOBOp CBaKOLJ:HCBHue yn. pOMaHC A.Crojxosnha H M. BHLJ:aKOBHha , a jC3HK noeanje no rrpaBHJIY OHBa 011pCbCH vnorpcooa MCTpa. bC3 00 3Hpa rra TCMy npaxasnaaa,a encxn LJ -repan rronpaavsreaa H HapOLJ:HH jC3HK. Y KOJIHKO rrCCHHK KOpHCTH nonCKHM TpHHaCCTcpUCM 1. Pajnh r. KOBaqCBHh, M. BHlIaKOBHh), PCq je 0naponaon jC3HKy ca rrOBpCMCHHM nponopov CJIaBCHOCcprrCKHX 06JIHKa,npe cacra y nojennnax cvcpnxcmra, 6HJIO rJIan)JICKHM, OHJIO HMCHHqKHM.C npvre CTpaHC, H3 pycKor npCY3CTH XCKcaMCTap HJIH lIBaHaeCTcpau, roTOBO OC3 H3Y3CTKa YBOlIHO je Y nocsnjv CJIaBCHOCcpnCKH HlIHOM A CTOjKOBHh, r. Tpnajnh . Y OOJIaCTH JIHpCKC noesnje Y30PH ce nponanase yrpabancxoj JIHpHUH H TaMO npeanabvjvnex OCMCpUy, aJIH H y roaopaovjC3HKY. A HCIIlTO n03HHjc npnxsaran,e rrcTpapKHCTHqKC JIHpHKC H HTaJIHjancxe np030LJ:Hjc J. Ilourenoaah J. Ila-tah K. Ilonosah 3HaqHJIO jenpanarobaaaa,e naponnor jC3HKa crpanoj nepcucpmcaunja rra 6H ce HTaMO aanpacana TCK rrOHCKa apxan-nrnja JICKCCMa.

I1HTaI-bC jC3HKa nvro je 6HJIO HCpaCKHLJ:HBO OLJ mrran.a CTHJIa. Y pyCKOj JIHTCpaTypH Hnp: cyK06 H3MCby rss. apxancra H nonaropa orJIC11aocc vnpaso y H300PY pa3JIHqHTHX MCpHJIa no xojnxa ce onpebnnao BHCOKH,HIICKH HJIH CPCLJ:I-bH CTHJI. Apxancrn cy CTHJI CXBaTaJIli npercxcno jC3WIKH,a HOBaTopH, na qCJIy ca KapaM3HHoM, npeaacxonno PCTOPHqKH.5 Y cprrCKOj CPClIlIHll npaxrasno TOKOM qllTaBOr XIX BCKa OCHOBHO CTHJICKO MCpHJIO KI-bHIKCBHC KpHTHKC OHO jc jC3HK. To rroceoao 1I0JIa3H LJ O napaxcajanOCJIC npnxaaran.a ByKOBC pecpopne, H no OCHHBaI-bY rsn. ocOrpaLJ:CKCepHJIOJIOIIlKC IIlKOJIC, xoja je qHCTOTy napozmor jC3HKa npor.namaaana aaOCHOBHH eCTeTCKH KpHTCpHjyM y rrpOUCI-bHBaI-bY nCCHHqKHX lICJIa.Ilpesra TOMC, vnorpetia 011pCbCHOr H11HOMa rrOBJIaqHJIa jc aa C060MCTHJICKy H lKaHpoBcKy epYHKllHjy. Ta-nmje KOpHIIlnCI-bC naponne BCpCHepHKallHjc rrOlIpa3yMCBaJIO jc napomra jC3HK. Ha pO lI HH jC3HK, ca CBOjCcTpaHc, vsomro jc y KI-bHIKCBHOCT nojCLJ:HHe TCMC, aJIH H epOJIKJIOpHC canpOBC. I1pH TOM CC npnvehvje jour jenna crrCUHepHqHOCT. Y noeaujn rrpcBJIaLJ:aBa HapOlIHH rOBOp, LJ OK CC HanpOTHB y rrp03H sanpacana apxan-majn

5 JO. H. TblH5IHOB. .Apxaacru Ii TIyrnKIiH . nYWK U eio coepe wennuxu Mocxsa1968 23-121.


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HlIHOM. BHCOKOnapHa pCTOpHKa, npHMCTHa npCTC lKHO y 6orocJIy>K6cmfM,np03HHM lICJIHMa, npeuina jc CdMHM THM H na n.oj no 06JIHKy CpO)IHaCBCTOBHa KI-bH)KCBHa lICJIa. C npvre CTpaHC, nOCTCKH CTHJI HHjC YBOOCI-bCMnapozmor jC3HKa rvono na CBOjOj Y3BHIIICHOCTH. OHa 3alIp IKaBaJIa 3axuarsvjvhn Y3BHIIICHHM TCMaMa crrCKHX lICJIa, 6HJIO rrocaeheaax ana-rajHMM lIorahajHMa M3 HaliMOHaJIHC HCTOpHjC. 6HJIO 3aCHOBaHHM na npepanal vla lKHTHja, anorcpncpa H. lH 6HOJIHjCKHX JICrCHlIH. 360r CBHX THX CJIO IKCHHXOKOJIHOCTH, Y npso BpCMC opMHpa HCKa BpCTa npCJIa3HHX xcauponaKOjH uovohv jC3HKaH cpopvvna nspazcanan,a, noxvutanajv na OCBojC HOBOH vjenno ca-rvnajv npebannsv CTHJICKy BHCOKonapHOCT.

yxoti uacnebeue yceojeue tupaouuujeBen je na npsa nornen jacno zra ce jC3Hl.fKH H CTHJICKH np06JICMH HC

Mory paansojarn on IIpo6JICMa IIOpCKJIa onpebenor HnHOMa, xao HH onrtopcxna lKaHpa -nrjv cy yHKUMjy HCIIOJbaBaJIH. CJIOBCHCKH IIHClIH cy yHaUHOHaJIHOM nacnebv MormI na nponabv epOJIKJIOpHC H UpKBCHC xcanpoBC. Hsaxon nnjarraaoa HHjC 6HO nperepano IIIHpOK, If CBOnHO ce y npsoacnv-rajv na cnCKC jvna-nce HJIH JIHpCKC Jby6aBHc rrCCMC, a y npyroM naneonpcbeue 06JIHKC, H3 KOjHX cy cc MOrJIa nosajsurrn pCTopHY:Ka npasanaH nojcnnue TCMC. 3aTo HHjC asnenabvjvhe IIITO cy ce MHorIf craapaoun,nocefiao OHH KOjH cy o6pa30BaI-bC CTHuaJIH na CTpaHH - y paHuycKoj,Hena-ncoj PyCHjH, AyCTpHjH HJIH I1TaJIHjH - jour na caMOM no-rerxvOKpeTaJIH lKaHpOBCKHM Y30pHMa H3 naTHX cpemma. KaKO jc neh naroacurTCHO, pyCKH nHCUH, norrvr Jlovonocoaa HJIH Zlcpxcaaaua vrncnajv ce naHaCJICOC cppanuvcxor KJIaCHUH3Ma, rrpcvsmrajvhn OnaTJIC MHorc MCTpHY:KC aJIH H >KaHpOBCKC 06JIHKC xexcauerap, OKTaBa anaxpeorrrmca, ona,COHCT). TC lKI-ba xa vrrorpefin CJIQ)KCHHjHX, nenaponanx epOPMH H KOnCp6a cc vo-rasa npHJIHl.fHO pano. Taxo jc jour 3axapHjc OpepCJIHH rmcaoCOHeT, KOjH xon HCKHX JIHpHl.fapa H3 rrpae nOJIOBHHC npomnora cronchanocraje jenan on HajoMHJbCHHjHX 06JIHKa Zlourenonnh TIal.fHD, MHJIOBaHOB, Mptcars H np. . HCIIITO xacnaje CJIHl.fHy nonvnapnocr no6Hja o.na,npevaera Y OBOM cnvxajv H3 pyCKC, a HC H3 HTaJIHjaHcKc HJIH paHUYCKCrpannunje, xojv nmuv IIpaKTHl.fHO CBH npencraauaua lllKOJIC 06jCKTHBHCJIHpHKC MyllIHUKH, Crcpaja Bopojeaah Fpvjnh If MHorH npvrn , aJIH HHCKH npenponarrnorapa. nonvr Capajnnje HJIH Hseroura.

3aHHMJbHBO je, MCOYTHM, na npnxnaran,e aarrannax KI-bH lKCBHHX 06JIHKa nnxana HHjC 3Hal.fHJIO I-bHXOBO nornvao nonpaxcaaan,e. Taxo CC,pCUHMO, BpJIO rrorrvnapaa epopMa HnHJIC, a xacnnje H 6aJIanc, KOn Cp6anpnnarobasana epOJIKJIOpHOj rpanmmjn, y npacx penv crrCKHM 06JIHUHMaH cpopsrvnaaa aapaxcanaa,a necerepuv jvaaxxe necxe aJIH H OCMCpUyrpabancxe JIHpHKC. OKTaBa pHMa, xoja ce y cpncxoj KI-hIf IKCBHOCTH uaH3BCCTaH na-nn: CMaTpaJIa HC casro HTaJIHjaHcKHM HaCJICOCM neh H JIHl.fHHM, HMajynH y BHny npe cnera ny6pOBal.fKy rpanaunjv, JIaKO je H 6P30


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npuversena na HapOLlHH jC3HK H HaUmmaJIHC TCMC. h Kao rtpnuep TC KfhCsa XapMOHWIHHM cnojev CTpaHC BCpCI1CpHKallJljc (TybHX )KaHpOBa) H naUHOHaJIHe rpamnmjc MO KC na nOCJIy KH npna cpncxa 30HpKa JIHpCKHXnccava JOBaHa 110UleHoBHha.7 Y rtpcnronopv, HCKOj BpCTH JIHl.fHOr neCHHl.fKOr MaHHepeCTa 110UlcHoBHh rOBOpH 0 CBOjHM HTaJIHjaHcKHM y30pHMa (F. KaCaTH), aJIH H 0 nOTpCOH na ce npCY3CTO npHJIarO HH HaWIOHaJIHojrpaznnnrja: Ja cav nonenao npHpOlIHO, KaKO ron CJI0 KCHHje yMCO je nvxxr HaCTaBHBUlH MC. Haon.vnasao can COrJIaCHojc BC3afhC pe-nt , H pasnojel.fHCJIO CJIOrOBa. To ey Moja npaBI1JIa .iacan na cprtcxn. 11m;: jc jC3HK KOjHMee nccamc KOpHCTH npesacxonno Hapo11HH LlOTJIe ec H300P nCCHHl.fKHXKaHpOBa H TCMa npHOJIH:>KaBa KJIaeHUHCTHl.fKoj nOCTHUH. COHCTH 011Canaxpeorrnnca, pacnopcn OLlCJbaKa npena KaHpOBHMa OC3 003J lpa ua llo-UlCHOBHhcBO JIHl.fHO n03HBal-bC na HTaJIHjaHcKo nonpvvje, rne jc yocTaJIOMH crexao ofipaaosau,e, BHUle noncchajv na rpannuajv pvcxor KJIaCHUH3Mana Jlosroaocona H llcp)KaBHHa. Ilperrrocranrsavo HaHMC a je najsacrvnn.enaja OOJIHK y OBOj 30HPUH - anaxpcourcrca JIIIpHKa, rtpevscra II3pyCKC rpamnmjc. Haxo je ofiaosa BHHCKHX H lliyoaBHHx necava, crsopeHHX no vrnenv na rto.nraror rp-ncor nCCHHKa OOeJIeIKHJIa UCJIOKynHYcBponcKy noeanjv C xpaja XVIII BCKa 110UlcHoBHn ce ca I-bOM no CBCMycyneha vnoanao rrpexo pyCKC JICKTHpC. He cavo 300r . rora UlTO 1106apLlCO fhcrOBIIX CTHXOBa nonceha na llcplKaBHHoBc AfWKpeOHUtCKc ilCCMC AHaKpeOHWU4eCKue ileCHU) H3 1804, seh II 3aTO UlTO qHTaB jenan UHKJIyCOBLlC HOCH Ha3HB Pasioeop Anatcpeouiua U Jlououocoea

LlpyrH, nOTOI-bII JIHpHqapH nenpecrano cy TC KIIJIH xa cnojv napo.nHHX H 3anaLlHHX KfhHIKCBHHX CJIeMCHaTa. Ilpnxsarajvha KaHpOBe xao UlTOcy ona HJIH COHeT OHH cy HX npnnarobaaana He cano HapOLlHOM jC3HKyneh H MeTpy KOjII je OHO rnna-ran aa epOJIKJIOPHY rpanannjv. C npvrecrpaae, MHorc TCMC H MOTHBH KapaKTepHCTHl.fHH aa LlaTC epOPMC - rsvoaBHC naCTOpaJIHC naTpHOTCKC nocrojane cy H pannje y rpabancxojJIHpHUH. OTYLla ce rronerne peropnxa H CTHJI xao H OLlpcnCHH je3HqKHHJIH CHHTarMaTCKH ronoca rpabancrce HJIH epOJIKJIOpHe noesnje, MCXaHHl.fKH npenoce y esponcxe OOJIHKC (30HpKC oojaarserre 20-HX, 30-HX H 40-HXrOLlHHa npOlIIJIOr nexa J. Ila raha M. Tlonosnha K. Ilonoanha HJIH 11.MHxajJIOBHna).

Taj nepnon, KOjH OH ce Morao 03Hal.fHTH xao JIYTafhC y nOTpa3H aacraapaa.ev HaUHOHaJIHe YMeTHHl.fKC neCMC y cpncxoj cpennan najoon,e jeormcao C. ByJIOBHn y CTY11HjH 0 CTBapaJIaUlTBy E. Pa11Hl.fCBHna. CBa KfhHIKCBHa noeaaja LlO Epamca l.fHHHJIa ce caxo noxvuraj .aa CC CTBOpHYMeTHHqKa nCCMa. Y necaasra rora npnor nepnona YMeTHHqKH OOJIHK jeHJIH npOTHBaH OOJIHKy napozme necae H LlyXy naponnor jC3HKa, HJIH je

(, Pa3Ha ojesa Jeifjwe Ilouoeuha Ocuanujaoa CBCCKa npna If ztpvra. Mu unuujaoaCBCCKa rpeha Y EyllIfMy 1827 1829.7 JIllpCI eCKa ttHin, etue opyta sa yeecneuuie, cad uaiiiipe ciieeao Cepocxu HoauAiuauaciee Iloiueuoouu BD EYllMHt, 1809.


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xormja TyOHHCKHX OOJlHKa I UIll jc rrpOCTO nonpaacaaan c naponnoj rrCCMHH TO rOTOBO CaMO encxoj. YMCTHWIKa nate nCCMa HC paasrrja CaMO H3HapOnHC nCCMC jour MafhC H3 cavo jenne BpCTC fhCHC. OHa nocraje nor-nyHHM noarran en caera napoztnora onafipannjera H caspmcmrjcra rosopa- TaKO PCnH aaponaora KfhH KCBHOra remopa - H rr03HaBafhCM rrCCHWIxor nyxa naponnor. Kana ce H3 rora onafipannjcr uapozntor ronopa - H3CBHjy BpCTa HapOnHHX necaxra - H30CPy H npmcvnc HajJlCnWH H najpa-3HOBpcHHjH 06JlHUH; Kana TH 06JIHUH vrnane H norepajv npena 3aKOHHMa yMCTHOCTH H caCTaBC y HOBC CJIO KCHHjC H canpurennjc OOJlHKC; xan HOBH 06JlHUH jour rrOHCWTO caCTaBC ca najcponnnjus H aajncnumvTyOHHCKHM 06JlHUHMa; Kan CBC TO 3anaXHC nCCHWIKHM nyxOM napon-HHM H O KHBH TBOpaqKOM CHarOM nornvno CyBpCMCHO ofipasonaaor ne-CHHKa: - oana nocraje npasa YMCTHHqKa nccxia.: OBH YCJlOBH aa CTBaparse YMCTHHqKC nCCMC HaCTaJIH aaxsarsvjvha CpChHOM cnojv naunouan-nor H rvbnncxor nacneba ncrrva.ean cy KaKO ByJlOBHh cxrarpa. TCK canojaaon Epamca Pannsennha naxne y no6a pOMaHTH3Ma. Hrra H npe frrOCJlC Epanxa H rrpc H nOCJlC pOMaHTHqapCKC BJlanaBHHC y cpncxoj KfhHKCBHOCTH amr H y npyrHM cponHHM .mrreparvpaaa oceha CTHJlCKaHCH3nHepcpCHUHpaHOCT HCTOBpCMCHO nocrojan e pa3JlHqHTHX CTHJlCKHXcpopssatraja r r p Y T ~ X ca 3arrana a npanarobenax aannonanaoj rpazm-UHjH. To CTHXHjCKO vcnajan e McwafhC H CMCfhHBafhC CTHJlOBa HJlH KfhHKCBHHX npanaua yMHoroMc jc OnpCnHJlO HC cavo cneuadxrsan paanojKfhH KCBHOCTH Slavia Ortodoxa neh H epoprvmpafhc H CBl JlYUHjy KfhH KCBHHX OOJlHKa.

ZIunauuxa u paseoj ciiiu acxux iipaeauaBpCMC cpopsrapau.a HOBHX npaBOCJlaBHOCJlOBCHCKHX KfhH>KCBHOCTH

OKBHpHO MO>KC CMCCTHTH Y XVIII XIX CTOJlCnC. Crora jc 6HJlO npn-pozmo WTO je npnn CYCPCT ca caponcronr HaCJlCOCM 3HaqHO npevanaan.eKJlaCHUHCTHqKHX H CCHTHMCHTaJlHCTHqKHX CTHJlCKHX OnJlHKa. Ta-nmje HOsa pvcxa KfhH>KCBHOCT paasnja ce nouajmuue aaxsan.vjvha vnoanaaarsv caeppaHuycKHM KJlaCHUH3MOM. Ilpaxaaran.e Tor CTHJla OBnC je 3HaqHJlO npecnera vsohcn e nocefinor H BCOMa CJlO>KCHOr >KaHpOBCKor CHCTCMa KOjH HTCKaKO pa3JlHKOBaO on npebaunser BH3aHTHjcKor ann jc BCOMa OHO6JlH3aK 3arranHOCBponCKHM 06J1HUHMa epopMHpaHHM jow y nooa pcaccan-CC. To jc pvcxoj nHCMCHOCTH osrorvhnno na KOJlHKO-TOJlHKO npaBHJlHO HliITO jc jour Ba>KHHjc caMOCTaJlHO nparn napcnna CTHJlCKa crpvjaa a yEaponn norrvr CCHTHMCHTaJIH3Ma pOMaHTH3Ma pCaJlH3Ma HUt CpnCKOocaajaa.e CBporrCKHX CTHJlOBa xpche ce npyraqHjHM rtvrcn. Ynosnaaan eca aananaox TpanHuHjoM OBnC onnrpana HcmTO n03HHjc y no6a Kanaje Eaponov nOMI1HHpaJIO rrpocBCTHTCJbCTBO OnHOCHO paunoaanaaa. l lo

x C. ByJIOBHh p uxo Paouueeuh lpu toi u opuju uoeuje cpiictce KH lI.JlCeOHOCLlll/.Fnac CAH. KI-h. XIII XIV. Ecorpan 18SQ U O 1 2.


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129CYITCjCBO nCJIO, KOjC je y TOM rr )I J1C}JY HMaJl0 Haj3Ha1.J.ajHHjy vnorv OCJIan.ano CC nOfipHM nCJIOM na CCHTIIMCHTaJIHCTHYKC Kf-bH)KCBHC TOKOBC. OTy-na CC K 1 1 nHOHHpa CpnCKC YMCTHH1.J.KC nocsn jc vo-ranajv rrpCBaCXOnHOCCHTHMCHTaJIHCTH1.J.KC CTHJ1CKC HaCJ1Clrc. H TO HC caxro y onnocv na TCMeHccc6H1.J.Ha rsvoan Mcby 6J1H)Kf-bHMa. npmopn H3 nOpOnH1.J.HOr IKHBOTa,H)]HJ1H1.J.Ha npnpona HJIH y o rmocv na OCHOBHH TOH H Ha1 J HH npmcaaanan,apa3HCIKCHOCT, HarJIaWCHa rraTCTH1.J.HOCT). nero H tr a caae )KaHpOBC CCHTHMCHTaJIHH pOMaH H J1H npava, cnern ja H HnHJIa). Ilpeua TOMe, rrCCHI11.J.KHIKclHpOBI1 KOjH 06CJIClKaBajy rr01.J.CTaK cprrcxc YMCTHH1.J.KC noeanje 6HJIH CYI1nHJ la , CJICr l1 ja , XHMHa err, KOjH cy y nOMcHy 113pa3a npunarobanauaepOJ1KJIOpHI1M epOPMYJIaMa.

Ilojasa KJIaCHUH3Ma y cpncxo j Kf-bH/KCBHOCTI1, rcao YOCTaJIOM H nojanaCCHTI1MCHTaJIH3Ma, MO?KC CC BC3aTH aa f-bCHC n01.J.CTKC. IT a una tc , .i a pa3JII1 v 1 1 pyCKC H 1 J HTaBC csponcsc rpanaunje KOn Cp6a je pcnOCJIC1.1 noja-nn.nuan,a THX CTHJIOBa 6110 YHCKOJI I1KO H3MCf-bCH. Ilpcvna cc no jennueCTHJICKC OnJIHKC CCHTHMCHTaJ1H3Ma H KJIaCHUH3Ma nojanrsv jv rOTOBO HCTOBpCMCHO, na 6H ce, HCpCTKO. npcnmr rane y pa3JII11.J.HTI1M nCJIHMa I1CTHXrnrcana, HJIH na 611 jezure nOJ\1I1HHpaJIC y craapanaurrsv j c nuo r a npv re ycrnapanaurrav npv ro r mrcna KOjH cy 6HJIH caBpcMcHHUH, CCHTHMeHTaJIH3aM OBnC npc rxonn KJIaCHUH3My. V crnapn, CCHTHMCHTaJIH3aM npennanasay Kf-bH/KCBHHM panonnwa Maf-bC Y1.J.CHHX cpr rcxnx nCCHHKa, KOjH cy o6pa30Baf-bC CTHUaJII1 ua ponaosr TJIy, nOK cc KJIaCI1UH3aM MaXOM npauehvje ycrsapanaurrsv OHI1X Cp6a KOjH cy cc WKOJIOBaJII1 y naoc rpanc rav . AKOCCHTHMCHTaJIH3aM nspaxcaaa uocetiau { LfU occhan.a ouna cc KJIaCHUI13aM KOn Cp6a Il majBI1111c or.ncna y npHMCf-bHBaf-bY pa3HoBpcHHX ?KaHpOBa,y j acnn jo j CBCCTH 0 3acc6HI1M epopMaMa, xao H y CTpmKcM npanpacasaisvnpOnl1CaHHX npamrna. KJIaCHUH3aM je v j cnno 3Ha1 J HO 11 vnoben,e 3a HacHOBHX, a aa enporrcxv Kl-bH?KCBHOCT Tpal lHUHOHaJIHI1X /KaHpOBa. JenHOMpc J jy. nOCJIC r rpnxsararsa MHorOBCKOBHor csponcxor nac.neba, y cpncxo jKI-bHIKCBHOCTH nOJIa3H no noc rcnenor YCJIO?Kf-baBal-ba ?KaHpOBCKor CI1CTCMa. CaMHM TI1M, xozt avropa cc rrOJIaKO epopMHpa CBC j acnn ja r rpencrasao caMOCTaJ1HOM H VTBpbcHOM YMCTHH1.J.l OM 06Jl11Ky. 300 r r o ra CC, noccf inoy OO TJaCTH JIHpCKC n oe an jc , a a caMOM IlO1.J.CTKY nporunora BCKa Mory npn-MCTHTH pa3HH KJIaCI11.J.HfI /KaHpOBH: COHCTH. aHaKpCOHTHKa, one. CJICrHjc,cnonejc 6yKOJIlIKC, 6aJIalIC, cnarpana HJllI TpHOJICTH Jloiucuonah, ITa1 J Hh MHxajJIOBHh, XaUHh, Cy60Tl Ih CTCpI1ja. MYWI1UKlI H MHor l I npv rn),

Ban.a, McbVTHM, HarJIaClITH na CC IlpCY3HMaI-bC CTHJICKHX OnJIHKa CCHTlIMCHTaJIH3Ma H KJIaCHUH3Ma onnn ja HCCI1CTCMaTH1.J.HO, cncachn I1MaHCHTHH paanoj TCK cpopsmpamrx HOBHX Kl-bH)KCBHOCTH. 36n r ro ra CMCHa OBI1Xrrpanana BHWC HMa CTHJICKO, HcrO.TJI1 XPOHCLlOlllKO 06eJIe)J je. Y6p3aHHpasnoj KI-bHIKCBHOCTH, KOjl1 nparn yo6JIH1.J.aBal-bC H nalbY CBOJIYllHjy rteCHI11 J KHX epOPMH, v r uuao jc na CTHXl1jCKO HCnpaBHJIHO CMClbHBalbC CTHJI-

F. Siler. .0 naivnoj i sentimentalnoj poezi ji . 0 lepom. Prevo S. Kostic, Beograd.1967, 275-277.


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CKHX OOCJlC Kja nojc11HHHX npaBaUa. Taxo ce H K011 Cp6a aJIH y HCKypyKy H K011 Pvca, y jC11HOM TC HCTOM 1CJly npennnhv CJlCMCHTH rcapaxrePHCTlfl HH sa CCHTHMCHTaJIH3aM H KJlaCHUH3aM, y3 rrojennae O)lJlHKe POMaHTW-IapCKOr CTHJla. To je noceono rrpHMcTHO y encxoj noeanj a y KOjOjce npenoanajv KJlaCHUHCTRlfKa npanana CCHTHMCHTaJIHCTHlfKH TOH rrpnnoneaan,a H povairra-iapcxa notivna nporna CBeTa.Hcnpasnnna, y6p3aHa HJlH, 60Jbc pehn cneundnrsaa 1HHaMHKa passoja y 1100a pOMaHTH3Ma nonaxo norrpaxa HeUITO vcarnaureanja H CTaJIO-KCHHjH TOK. To, McnyTHM, Ba)KH nperexcno aa pvcxv a 10HCKJlC H aacpncxv KlhH KCBHOCT. Y crsapa pOMaHTH3aM K011 Pvca, nOll1TO cc voxaeajour nO t.fCTKOM nponinora CTOJlCna, YBeJlHKO cc MO KC yBpCTHTH Y opnrnHaJIHH CTHJlCKH npasau KOjH ce HaJla3H aa 3aBH 1HOM YMeTHlllfKoM HHBOy.K011 Cp6a r11C ce pOMaHTH3aM nojasrsvje TeK CpC11HHOM XIX BCKa, H 11aJbCce npnuehvjv nvrarsa CTHJlCKa Hcpa3rpaHH t.fCHOCT H uejenaaxa yMCTHH t.f-xa )10CTHrHyna. K011 Evrapa MebYTHM, TCK HCKaKO y TO )106a noxmse nace epopMHpa npaBa YMcTHHqKa noesnja. OTy)1a jc rrpounar OBC KlhH)KCBHOCTH BHll1C Be3aH aa )106a peaJIH3Ma, KOjH KO 1 Cp6a H Pyca, nanpornnYBCJlHKO npencraarsa npasau paasnjeaax M011CpHHX eaponcxnx KlhH)KCBHOCTH.Ilpaxsararsc H 1HHaMHKa paanoja CTHJlCKHX npanaua 10HOCllJlH cy caCOOOM H HOBO rroauan e caaor KlhH)KCBHOr craapanaurrsa. Klhll)KCBHCreopnje panonun.an a nporpaan KOjH cy CC y aanannoesponcxoj Tpa11H-UHjH nOCTcnCHO vofinn-raaana OB 1C cy npnxaahena O ljC 1HOM, na cy yHCKy pvrcv BCll1TaqKH npecabcan na jour Hcpa3BHjcHH )KaHpOBCKll CHCTeM,KlhH)KeBHH rOBOp H CTHJl. ITOJlCMllKC KOjC cy rrparnne CMClhHBalhC KJlaCH-UH3Ma H pOMaHTH3Ma KO 1 Pyca cy cc CBCJle n a 60 p6 y aa HOBH jC3HK, crnnaJIH H aa HOBC KaHpOBC (B. nOJlCMHKC ITYll1KHHa, Bjasexcxor, Kjvxersfiexepa H np). KO)1 Cp6a ce ra 6HTKa BO 1H cavo na nOJbY jeanxa H npasonnca. ITa nnax pC3YJlTaTll )10 KOjHX cy passajennje JlHTcpaTYpc 110ll1JlC,nOCCOHO y O 1HOCy na xnjepapxnjv KlhH KCBHHX KaHpOBa OB 1C CC npCHOCCMalhC HJlH BHll1C npehvrno. HcnpHMCTHO 3aMClhHBalhC O 1C, COHCTa II xnaCHUHCTHqKOr en a 6aJIa 10M, JlllpCKOM rrCCMOM H rrOCMOM CBaKaKO jc 03HaqHJlO HOBy eranv y Klhll)KCBHOM pasaojv.

ueu t uixceeuux JlCaHp 8aCTHJlCKC cpopuauaje HCpCTKO cy 06CJlC KCHC vnorpeoov xapaxrepa

CTllqHHX )KaHpOBa. OB 1C je neh 6HJlO PCqH 0 CKJlOHOCTH KJlaCHUH3Ma npeMa COHCTy, O)1ll HJlll aaaxpeonrcxoj .napaun O 1HOCHO 0 CKJIOHOCTH CCH-THMCHTaJIH3Ma xa H11HJlH H CJlCrHjH. HMa TaKOOC H OHHX rpajanjnx 06JlHxa, nonvnapnax 6C3 063Hpa aa l10MHHauHjy CTHJla enoxe rronYT en a llJlHrparennje. H3MCHC KOjC 6H TH 06JlHUll nperpnenn ca CMCHaMa KlhH)KCB-

](J 1O. H. TbIH5IHOB .Apxancru H T I y W K H H 64 65.


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HlfX npasaua CBO,lllfJIC Olf ua YHYTpaUIl-hC npCl1HaKC I-blfXOBHX CTpyKTypa mll1 na MaI-bC nnn smue CTpOrO nplfMCI-bHBaI-bC rrpormcanax npanuna.Taxo, pvcxn ponanm-rapn npane orpoxnrv pa3JIlfKY lf3MC5y rparcnnje HpOMaHTlfqapCKC rparennje l1JIlf H3MCby crra H pOMaHTHqapCKC nOCMC ,cMaTpajynlf na vnorpefiou cnHTCTa pOMaHTlfqapCKlf ncra-rv pannxamtvrpanccpopaauajv TpalIHU110HaJIHlfX KI-blf>KCBHlfX epOpMlf.11 Bjaaevcxn yrrpClIroBopy ITylllKHHOBOj Baxuucapajcxoi drouiiuuu: 1824) vxasvje Ha rrojanv HOBor xcaapa pouauiuuuapcxe iioeue HOBlfHY OBOM 06JIlfKy HC najecaM HaCJIOB (noena), seh Cnl1TCT - pOMaHTlfl-lapCKlf. Jep, pOMaHTlfK CTBapa rrovohv MarJIOBl1TlfX HCPClllCHlfX anvsnja 3arOHCTKlf cvrcofia pasJIlfqlfTlfX norabaja, aaxreaajvhn on -nrraona na nOBpum mrcna. POMaHTHqapCKlf rnrcau KI-blf>KCBHa nCJIa vofinn-rana rrpOlf3BOJhHO, OC3 nnaaa 6C3 OCHOBC, rra OHa JIl1QC na KyJIC y naanvxv . '

Crnapana-nca CBeCT 0 KI-blf >KCBHl1M epopMaMa 0 I-bl1XOBOj xnjepapxnja na canpoacxoj JICCTBl1Ul1 icon Cpfia nojasn.vje cnopamonro, y3 rrvnoonpesa. CXBaTaI-bC vasnrucnor Hl1CKOr CTlfJIa y rrOQCTKY je oapcbaaanovnorpetiov onrosapajvher l1n110Ma, aJIl1 HC BpCTOM xcanpa. TeK ner.ae40-lfX ronnaa npouinora BCKa, y npl1Ka3lfMa lfJIl1 OCBpTl1Ma na nojcmmaKI-blf>KCBHa ncna ncxaavje OTBOpCHl1jlf JIl1QHl1 CTaB npeva KOHCTpyKTl1BHlfM npasnnnaa rrOC311je. ITOIllTO y pOMaHTlf3My nOJIa311 no npousara zraaerrCKO-JIl1pCKa OOJIlfKa - rrOCMC fiananc, KplfTlfQapl1 ca O,llOOpaBaI-bCMl1JIl1 neroaoaaa.esr ynynyjy na panroponne CTl1JICKC KOHCTpyKTHBHCCJICMCHTC xoja Y I-blfMa 06aBC3HO npcnnahv. CyKOO errcxor JIlfpCKOrHaQCJIa, HapO,llHOCTl1 crpannx vmnaja, l1CTl1Hl1TOCTl1 dxurra.mje CBC-reurhe nocraje npenxer paavmnn.an,a nojcmnnrx xpnra-rapa. Ho, KaKO jepOMaHTlf3aM y npnn nnan CTaB110 occhajnocr xao MCpy YMCTHlfqKC spcnHOCTlf nCJIa, noqCJIO ce pa3Ml1111JhaTlf 0 CPC,llCTBlfMa xoja Olf na najvoenJhl1Bl1jlf najvne-rarrsasajn na-nra MOrJIa na ocrnape OCHOBHl1 CMOTlfBHlfaanarax. 0TVna ce Y nOqeTKY nncacrapa na ncrmnrrocra npmcaaamrxnorabaja, xoja Mopajy Ol1TH yKOpCI-bCHH HC TOJIlfKO Y ncropajcxnv qlfI-bCHlfuaMa KOJIlfKO y cpncxoj Hap0,llHOCTl1 OOHQajl1Ma. CTl1XOTBOpau cnarna lfMa TV uen na ncraatrra l1JIH l1CTl1Hl1 nonofian norabaj -nrraren.asranpClICTaBl1 TO najamne 360r 'rora lllTO yrrpaBo TlfM HaqlfHOM najJIaKIllC nOCT113aBa OHa UCJh , npecvnna sa HOBlf npasau rro6ynlfTlf y qlfTaTCJhY vxacrnje 'rvre :>KaJIOCTl1 mll1 paaocrn, HcrOnOBaI-bC, onspahajHT,ll .J3 3aTO nejcTBlfja y OBOM cnvxajv y f ianann ann H y CBaKOM npvrOM CJIl1QHOM HapaTlfBHOM >KaHpy Mopajy OlfTl1 ca OqCBl1 llHlfM v-racrnjeu

1J B. flyIlIKHHOB npcnroaop Eopucy Fooynoey12 n. A. D5I3CMCKHM. Pa3fOBOp M C: iK ny H 3n aTC JT CM H K.laCCHKllM C Bhl6oprCKOM CTOPOHhT H_1H C B aC H- TT hC BC Ko ro OCTpOBa , CO 1UHeHwl. To. > iuopoii Jlu uepmTi}pHO-KpIllTiIl 1ecxue caiaau u MOCKBa. 9R2 94-100.13 Iiopbe Mancrnh, HcIlITO 0 O aJ lJ Ta ,1 H r. loan. Cvfiornha: Ca6Jl51 MoM .JC, U t b

l l tBOH lc . Ilooyuaexa 6p. 53, 29. neuevf ipa 1843, 27.


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132nparnna. KaO LIa HaM caMOM )KHBOTy nejcrnvtiaja JHfUa npCLICTaBrsajv

Y3BHlllCHOCT crnna HHjC, ,IlaKJIC. smue onpebasaaa vnorpcoov HJlH01\1a, sch 'lMCTHHLIKOM lOCWbHBollln l. HCTHHHTOCT npatcaaanor. ca CBojCCTpaHC, 6Hlla je 'lCllOBJbCH3 nCCHHLIKOM cnocofiaourhv npn OOllHKOBaH,yKom,:pCTHor canpa. 300r rora 'l6p30, CpCLIHHOM BCKa, nojaarsvjv npacTCOpHjC nocanjc, KOjC ca MaH,C HllH nnurc vcncxa, ormcvjv KH,H)KCBHC)KaHpOBC H jacno ' lKa3'l jy na H,HXOBa vrspbcna npannna. KOLI Pyca je,npnponao, LIO nojase npaux rcopnja canpa nouino HCUlTO paanjc. HHKO.naj Ocrormoa y 061IMHO \I, TpOTOMHOM pCYHHKy JIHTCpapI-HiX nojvona, nc-TaJbHO pa311a)KC cnUICKC, KH,H)KCBHOHCTOpHjCKC H )KaHpOBCKC OJlPCIlHHUC,ocnan.ajvhn ce KaKO na KflaCHlllICTHLIKC y30pC, TaKO H rra rcxvhv nponv-unjv. ' Y cpncxoj KH,H)KCBHOCTH npscnau npcncraarsa Teopuja uoesujefiopba Manernha rne avrop nOLI BCllHKHM vrnuajcxr HCMaYKC J1CKTHpC,paaspcrasa neCHHLIKC 0611HKC rrpena pOLIoBHMa H BpcTaMa. 15 Y ofia cnv-raja, jacno jc HCTaKH lTa pa311HKa H3MChy HHCKHX H BHcoImx )KaHpOBa,xao H H3MCby YHCTHX H MCWOBHTHX ICH,H)KCBHHX orimuca. AJ1H, 3aXTCBH aa CTporHM epOpMaJIHHM KaHOHHMa, OC3 OOJHpa na avropcxa ICJlaCHllHCTHLIKa nOlla3HIIITa, HC cvarpajv ce BHIIIC HCHap lwHBHM. Cava KH,H)KCBHanpaxca, HaHMC, OTBapalla je CBC BHIIIC MoryhHocTH tea KOMoHHallHjH HCCpOLIHHX nCCHHqKHX HllH npo3HHx nocrvnaxa. V HapaTHBHHM nCCHWIKHMOOllHllHMa, pCUHMO, nOCTcnCHO 1l{)J1aJH LIO pcvchen.a TpaJlHllHOHaJIHOr naqHHa OOllHKOBaH,a epao lflc. Y jCJlHOM TC HCTOM ncnv MCIIIajy cc CflCMCHTHKapaKTcpHcTHLIHH aa fiananv H en, llHpCKy necvv H npOJHO ztcrro. C npvrecrpaae, nnpcxa noe.mja nocrajc cnorionnnja y onuocv na nepcudnncaunjv, pacnopen II opranuaaunjv crpocpa, rra qaK II y OJlHOCY na npHnp)KaBaH,C jezmor OCHOBHor TOHa. 11 y erntua H y llHpHllH rvoe cc pa3flI1KCH3MCOY BHCOKIIX H HHCKHX TCMa, na npCJlMCTH npHKa3IIBaH,a HllH HJOOpMOTHBa Mory 6HTH spno pa311HqHTOr H umpor.or pacnona.

CBC cnofionuaja nOMcwaHOCT nocrvnaxa crpvicrvpa, JlOHCLIaBHOcrporo vsajaano OJlBOjCHHX LI03BOJbCHliX caxro y onpcocHHM caapoaaMa, H3a3BaHa jc rtoaajanure neCHIIqKOM cseurhv 0 OpHCaH,y rpannuaH3MCby BHcoKor H HIIcKor crnna, BHCOKI1X H HHCKHX xcarrpoaa.Crsapana-nca cfl06011a nasana jc CBC BHIIIC MorynHocTH npH H360py HKOMoHHaUHjH TCMa, KOjH cy HOBI1M cnojesr npnnpevana TCpCH aa vofinn--ranan.e H CTBapaH,C HOBHX BpCTa xcatrpona. Esonvuuja KH,H)KCBHHX OOflHrca TaKO rronpava cneundnman TOK. VMCCTO cvxofia aaponaor H crpanornacneba epOflKllOPHI1X H TpaLIIIuIIoHaflHIIx epOpMII, pa.moj )KaHpOBCKor CIICTCMa cana vcvcpasa cvxof pa3JIHqHTI1X KOHCTpyKTHBHHX na-rcna - no-C3HjC H nposc.

14 C70Baph ) peBHCII 1I HOBOIl i iossiu cociiute teuuuu HllKO WCA17> OClTiO.Il{O J ,.W7,. Ilti1CTBliTCJlbHblMl H nOt.ICTHbIMl 1.{clCHOMl p ux Yt.ICHbIXl OOI1lCCTB1>. 1.{aCT1> nCpBal l. BTopaHH rpcn.a. 81, Caaxrncrcpovprs. l iQ]

15 I i Mancrnh. Tcopuja iloesu]c flo najnoeujuw itucuu ua Ecorpan IR54.


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133CyKOO KOHCzTtpJ KlltllBHUX ua te ia

Tlojaua pOMaHTH3Ma O,II:HrpaJIa je KJbYLfHY vnorv y llCopMallHjH rpa-llHUHlmaJIHOr KaHpOBCKOr CHCTCMa. EyHT cnoxc, LJHjn CC zrvx OLTICllaO ynopnuarsv YCTaHOBJbCHHX npaanna H aax oua npeneo CC. npnponno. H nah:I-bH l\CBHOCT. VI TO HC cavo y OllHOCY na TCMC npmcasnaan.a sch H naCXBaTaI-bC KOHCTpyh:UHje KI-bH/KCBHHX 06JIHKa. Orvna je CBC npncvrunjaTC/Kl-ba xa nernpau.v e.popMa.TIHHX npasnna H paarpann-rcn,a. HaLfHH H3pacanan a H JIHpCKa occhajuocr norncrcvjv V npvru nnan TCMC H MOTl1BC.xao H CTpo ro cxsahenc CTpylaypc TpalIHUWJHClJIHHX p0,IIOBa H BpCTa. Tle-CHHUH H nHCUH cJ106onHO crsapajv DB. MCWOBHTe. CHHKpCHILJHC KciHpOBC- nccMy y nposn, nupcxv npanv, nupcxn en npavcxn crten. To yjCJIHOnorrpnaocn fipncan.v jacnnx Mcba KaKO H3MChy nojcnnmrx caupoaa. raKO H H3MChy nexana crporo paansojenax KJ-bH J: CBHHX ponosa. J1HpHKacrnnca H npajra, ra-maje CJICMeHTH KOHCTpyKUHjC cncuncpn-m aa CBaKHpon nonaocoo, nepcrxo ce npennnhv y jC,IIHOM TC HCTOM nCJIy.

HOBH neCHHLfKH xc an po an - nCCMa y nposu. JIHpCKa nocna, 6ajKa H6acHa y CTliXY - nacrajv saxaan vjvha y3ajaMHoM MCWaI-bY HaLfCJIa rrOCTCKC H npoaae h:OHCTpyKUHjC. 1h Taj cvxofi CTpyICTypHHX na-rena HHjC OHOjcnaocsscpan. Ilecva y npo3H nOLJHBa na ncopMauHjH 3BYLfHe opraHH3aUHjC CTHXOBa. 1l0K HOBCJIa y CTHXy noeva, fianana HJIH povanca nacrajeaaxsarsvjvh CTpyKTypHOj necpopsrauaja npn-re. Ilponra ne.na l looHjajynCCHHLJKy ofipanv y3 novoh JIHpCKC crnxnje xoja je nccpopancana cpafivJIy npcTBopHlIIBH jc y cpeacrso nspaxcasarsa avropose ocehajnocru, CyKOO H3MCby naxena nposac H rrOCTCKC KOHCTpyKUHjC KOjl1 ce y nocuavaorneaao y CJlaOJbCI-bY CCMaHTHLJKe BpCnHOcTH CTHXOBa H noja-rasaisv I-bHXOBe 3ByLJHC napaxcajnocrn, CTBOpHO jc HOBH BH,II rrCCHHLfKC napaunje.Orvna cy ce nOCMC HJ1H ,n:YlKC fiananc LfCCTO Ha3l1BaJIC npHLfOM HJIH HOBCJlOM Y CTHxy O,n:HOCHO nOCTCKOM npanoecncosr. TaKBH nOllHaCJlOBH vtca3l1BaJIH cy na lIBOCTpyKy CTpyKTypy ztcrra: npoaan 06JIHUH 6l1BaJIH cynapvurcan npHXBaTaI-bCM .TIl1pCKHX CJlC1\1CHaTa. AJII1 tcacnnjc npouec MeIIlaI-ba pa3JIHLfHTHX HaLfCJIa onsnja cc y cvnpornov npasuv. Ha rrCCHHLfKanerta npe csera na I-bHXOBy cuxcejav KOHCTpyKUl1jy nOLJHI-bC na YTHLJCHaLJCJIO npome xoucrpvxuaje, KOjC ce or.ncna y cCMaHTHLJKoj OTClKaJIOCTI1CTI1XOBa. 360r rora ce JlHpCKa ocehajnocr nOJlaKO norncxvjc y npvrnnnan, nOK noaehv vrrorv y OOJlI1KOBaI-bY HOBOHaCTaJIC OPMC l l06HjajyonHCH caMHX norabaja.Ilpvromjer je rnna 6HJla necpopaauaja KOHCTpyKUHjC nCCMC y rrp0311.11 osaj lKaHp xojn 6H ce npe Morao cvarpara neCHI1LJKHM HerOJII1 rrpo3HI1M, y06Jll1LJCH je noxtohv KOHCTpyKTHBHC flOMcwaHOCTH nsa KI-bH J CBHapona. A11H YMeTHHLfKa nepUCrrTH6HJIHOCT pCLJH OBlIC rrOLJHB3 nonjcznraxona I-bCHOj cCMaHTHLJKoj evcponnjcicoj BpC,n:HOCTH, na cneuncpn-moj opra-

10. H. TbTH5IHOB, .Jlurcparvpasnt aTn , .0 mrrcparvpnoa saomouau TlosituucaU lTiOPW iutuepatuyp KUHO MOCKBa, 1977, 255 281


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134HH3armjH KaKO 3HalfCi-bCKC raxo H 3BYlfHC CTpaHC KI-bH KCBHOr OOJIHKa. 3apa3JIHKy on KOHCTpyKUHjC J1HpCKC nCCMC 3aCHOBaHC na MCTpHlfKHM rrpaBHJIHMa na oprannsanajn crpocpa H pHMC, KOHCTpyKuHja nCCMC y np03Hnpasnna npOHaJIa3H y pCTOpHUH opraamonanoj na na-ma OJIH3aK rrpebaum ex KHTI-baCTOM CTHJIy. Menrau,e np03HC pCTOpHKC H nCCHHlfKC opraamaunje CTHXOBa vrnuahe ca CBOjC CTpaHC H na MCTpHlfKy nccpopaaunjv JIHpHKC. MO KC CC HaHMc, rrpcTnOCTaBHTH aa jc cJIOOO laH CTHXKOjH nnure HC seavjv pHMC, CTpOepC HHTH vjcnnasena sepcadmkaunjanacrao xao nocnennua npenaa-rasaa a na-rena nOCTCKC KOHCTpyKIIHjC y3noxroh pCTOpHlfKHX CJICMCHaTa rtpoane KOHCTpyKIIHjC. 3aXBaJbyjyhH raKBOM npouecv y cpncxoj nocanja CJIOOO lHH CTHX cpehe cc npHJIHlfHOpano. IIITaBHlllC, jenna on najvcncmrjnx povaaraxapcxax rrecana CrrOMCH na Pvaapua Jlase Kocrnha - aanacana je 1865, H TO vnpaaoy CJIOOO lHOMC CTHXy.

iip n snux MeWO llWllX iiecnuwcux canpoeaIlocreneno YOOJIHlfaBaI-bC 3aCCOHHX nCCHHlfKHX KaHpOBa novohv

cnoja epOJIKJIOpHOr IIpKBCHor H aanannoeaponcicor HaCJICna MOrJIO OH 03HalfHTH xao - norpara aa CTBapaI-bCM HaUHOHaJIHC YMCTHHlfKC nCCMC.Y TOM .rvrorpajnox rrpouccy mnnajajv erane passoja KI-bH KCBHHX 00JIHKa, KOjC npare CTcrrCH CBOnyUHjC laTHX JIHTCpaTypa. TaKO aa caMOMnOlfCTKY lOMHHHpajy T3B. iipenasuu ncanpoeu; y xojaua cnoj crapor HHOBor, HaUHOHaJIHOr H rvber jour unje npepacrao y xapMoHHlfHy UCJIHHY.I-hHX xapaxrepnnrv pCJIHrH03HH H H lHJIHlfHH cnCBOBH xao npOH3BO l aaUHOHaJIHC sepcacpaxamrje jeamca) H npevsere TCMC O lHOCHO KJIaCHlfHHOOJIHUH - COHCT CJICrHja HJIH ona - YOOJIHlfCHH novohv CTpaHC nposolHjC H aaponaor jC3HKa. Y CBaKOM O l THX OOJIHKa jacao jC lHO onnpvror onsajajv aaponaa HJIH crpana aepcmpaxannja epOJIKJIOpHa HJIHvcsojena cpopxa fOBOpHH HJIH KI-bH KCBHH H lHOM. TIpCJIa3HH KaHpOBH,oxrorvhana cy CKOpO KOHCTHTyHCaI-bC 3pCJIHX YMCTHHlfKHX OOJIHKa , KOjHOOCJIC KaBajy napemra CaMOCTaJIHHja KI-bH KCBHa paaaoon,a. 3aXBaJbyjyhHyop3aHoM paasojv KI-bH KCBHOCTH nponopv CBporrCKHX CTHJIOBa H opranCKOM vcsajan.v I-bHXOBHX TCKOBHHa KI-bH KCBHC epOpMC CBC BHlllC l06Hjajyna opHrHHaJIHOCTH. Mnora lCJIa HaCTaJIa y nofia CJIOBCHCKor pOMaHTH3MaMory nOCTaBHTH pane y3 paMC ca OCTBapCI-bHMa CBporrCKC yMCTHOCTH.Crora H 3aKOHH KI-bH KCBHC CBOJIyUHjC npHOJIH KaBajy 3aKOHHMa pa3BHjCHHjHX KI-bH KCBHOCTH. TOMCY npunor fOBOpH H HaCTaHaK ueiuoeuiuuxcanpoea nonvr rrCCMC y nposa CTHXOBaHC HOBCJIC HJIH JIHpCKC npaveKOjH cneuncpa-mocr CBOjHX epOpMH nvrvjv HMaHCHTHHM npouecuaa xapaKTcpHcTHlfHHM KaKO sa Slavia Ortodoxa TaKO H aa TpaLJ:HUHjy BHCOKOpaasajenax 3anaLJ:HOeBpOncKHx JIHTepaTYpa. CpCLJ:HHOM H jour BHlllC xpajCM npouinora cro.neha, rrpaBOCJIaBHC CJIOBCHCKC KI-bH KCBHOCTH CC Y OLJ -HOCy na crenea pasaoja H OpHrHHaJIHOCT CBOjHX OpMH, paBHorrpaBHoyKJbyqyjy y 3ajCLJ:HHlfKH passoj OCTaJIHX esponcxax mrreparvpa.

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