FORTITUDINENE%VSLEFTER Oi- IHE MARINE CORPS HISTORICAL PROGRA'I

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FORTITUDINEMo,,o oftiw U,'iIS Slates Marine Carps in he I8!2 (iv,

Velunevil SUMMER 077

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HISTORY ANDMUSEUMS

Dft 'WON

No I

TAME OF CONTENTS

TheRadenMway.W,te S

the Record StnIflt on the

BSheepSq.ko 6

Open naoMi 0mw Mm1toNewHhto&alcmatsr .. . IL

Vetn.in and Helicopter Butane. Published U

'lu IllistmiciLl IS Hi. Acth,e OutatHinorkaLC.nir . . ..I6

M.nnewivns.ntuMueimDece,us . '9Peapfr.ndplacet 2!

THE COVER

A taiqpe and f,rgwtable air batik of ihee.riysiI,w •e,nng, 'he aesd attach ag.pIt,r KmgKong pt the AKO clank of19S3. Gysgt Paul A. Llo4 ha. reaeated the familiar ice,..For more opt the robjict, a. the Directors Page.

2

Director'sPage

tjtI,ing die hit '.-e have p.sbiij.Iird in

these L&t five %cara has.,rad,-r res.[a}lis we have had inm nor

I 'ITT t-t,nrni tnt on the television .,r i,. Baathi anti Is Tel nina 4' to the i,, ng line

hl,irinc G5r1. aviation movie, stretching bgCkI,, he 112!i m'ition picture flight starring Jiklink nod iirritrd b' Frank Capt..

('l C..j,.. ha. written LI-:Ti'. I e' i Th — — ,v4sT1W

iKi \L I )fl. — a I _ keteibb*i :1n,.tn. ,.Jt,i, Nird. itJaM.

But ii n See nenth.,n B,lIWalls,. S. Bill William.. I tad nI.iny eotkcdnn4

iFII r or any reeircll purp. I liii came

l4te F wife k o'er the job B.i I. LI] Ing

b.toee say mnriage practkatl turn II

'nyho... gLR.Sed right elm, y]4l .5,,a,.oI ,ILi,Ifl I. idare osseall ii BIll William...he I., I .k.t,.n.a t h nd.d ii.. Vt'- H M a,.a u.n..flit ,. llbe.a* ..tl. sit, a ih.t .1nnnw niwd, pl"va. .ad I da ye.. .

I. — }liah S,a .. ,... jet — l[s i-.aa 'k .e.-p .t t&fl .a,i- flit ..fl,asat. ,. lid ',. ,,. t .]ua,L dl h.i.v ntelisv

14.te.mitOen iCi,hard ( Msngnirn. IMC. r,:ir.,I

sod living ic SI,th,rp Pine.. N,,rtitand ii mtm be, ii our Ad. 'rv Conimittee

I i.e. d.ilgbiai u, be ,.nthaI,d .4 - I- Iht' in lU'.sa. fri.. h..wj@.t Fepru.] .nir..h.nugS W Li

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j.mnitha. ,.iitrS yn ,alj il.st thai ..a..p.ik..& pla,.,. taid1 TOSMI ii ale S.ieath, ohi

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eq.nd ''i''' hat Mon it.- lid Job in NULl

3

finn si ar 81. tOrn Jerome i in ill health aridis hospilaliard in h, Washington area.

BOen William J. Fox. USMC Ret.l wrote.length 'I In r in nt Mexico, a cond en sati on ofwhkli it]Ll,Iw..;

- - I sgr.v aiti. J.. Ft, oi.uiaeeI,,.l the WIIIhit t.I], b, a,.tl ..mitni,atdb t.-..s in has—vi.' — iaolk .,,-r Jet .MG.eg cj,*te.Iup thifr UI '..d. % ifrw 4ll._,—. nell — 'I—,. 4j, B... t;o.laknjthe hue IOi:43 I k,... I*Lh di... .tnt I!.5&&fl — .a,tiw — si.s&a Baa Ràc*.p nil I .n. athuullied lo*USAF I,djtal Ca,tnat iaddand cEB — Na.'. kF itt. .wfl— (I — — PSS . this i Miii citkit,. P.pp, Boyuigion sad I arthig te 1 it— fl ci .,4g+4. Wdt. I st. Baa 8i Hark.9lep i'd lii d,.ii.d It ii fir nate gcs'l dust ill

U.dwnm.mi.Idfltni5They t,uhi ha,e],SIJ.t ;- ails, .sidhink

sefra ....aiI,Wn. flit baa iId hate h..., n,th lsi.'.,. mawna.,. J .nd hi.:.. Mu Me FUJ t .'alt,. 5.-aM IS nt %tiit Thins IF iI&.b — — tansaisd tin och.th. ag-sun. — fly hta, l.a,r#an nidnO.4aktu.I.

Ito,. do I me..? I tie,. the riM Zen has51IUF.d sat i, Ditember I4& land lie be I

SperioF flgbt.r slant. then . g di. F4 t I.I)eT,mb.-r L41 I.!I], I fs- Iii dni.atfr.c,th.i t.stthe ilhte r .- all aei.hed Isv. Eu' the bia diit., whit ,.i. strapped b- the.aatotthec,ki.ii. fl,.i.r.a... it.. amd. si.., ..SU,me Ollieflebe Ii yo,,

it t.. lOt. b,] I alt hi01. .dd.d up. h j .i.t .inIs.,ed .asa,h. Jo .nd Grfl. •iid John Ssahl. niMarion C.,i and BthOaLrsi4.tto4te*pra.tdthathino@ncenain lena..rhere mi 'the, letter.. .ome liking Baa Baa

BacIc .ihni. bitt vial emphatic in their JL.ta.t.- -I think the eumni kUIc of Fonitudiac a

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Setting the Record Straighton the Black Sheep Squadron

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ACC4PI!SIIIST RI:cORD OF 1i!

BlACK Sitar SQUAbRO.

Two Tours: '2 Scptcrnber 1943 - 21 October. '94327 Nove*he r • l9 3 - 8 .1 titti;. 941

96 Enemy plants dest roved in acrij I coh;'t (9S of the fightplanes, 95o1 tI:. vcr cnt,'ter:,torv

34 l:ney pL.r:cs prob.blv dtt royed jtr:jI co.bt50 Eney pLiies dn*ged fl aeri Co+.it

21 Incay p rcs des t roved on he got::201 iota I t1e•y p( aes destroyed proln.I' V dist rqyed or d:imagcd,

I lOG-foot AK destroyed.I SO-foot AK destroyed.I 70—foot J apatlese - oper;t i nose j 'niL do i toyed -

I 70-foot stea" launch dc.troed.

70 Japanese h,rgcs destroyed.

3 Japanese barges loaded with troops destroyed.

I Raft loaded .tth enemy troops destroyed.IS Other cr:'ft probably destroyed.

125 Japanese bivouac FL! ccr;cntration .LtCJ'. and A.A. position'in New Ireland, New Britain, Buka, Bou.inviI1c and theShortlands str;,fed.

I Japanese airfields strafed; Kihil I, Ba!Ile, and Borpop.

Successfully intercepted enemy forat ion attempt ing to attacktask force reinforcing Rarako,a

Relieved BougainvLlle ground troQp' ii an untenable pcsitionby strafing e:nttv .ort.lr Posiiont.

Participated in over 0O combat w.ttoas flying 4.195 combathours -

This coabat record Wa' established with the loss of II pilotskilled and wounded iii action.

I,f.,m.a.. p'e.d.J b' C.l F'a& F. flka. I NWVR iR.t

7

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Open Houses Draw Manyto New Historical Center

H. Wi], &dt f IJ. M&i, Cp.. thdd.d M.jC@ hfl W. USAFK,

ifr?I1M. g..HIdMHths, BG L. C&I, J,. USA (flH.. C'

(UfiA POH t fl flthA,Ui •ig,.&4 by G W&f 5€ M€d# U€,ps j,d€. 52 Sb

BOen Simmons, the Director, on the historicalprogram.

On 30 July, more than 44)0 retired Marinesfrom the metropolitan Washington area attendeda reception at the center and on 12 August thelargest crowd was registered: 600 personsrepresenting the official government historicalagencies and colleges, universities, and militaryhistory organizations in the area.

The military historians' open house includedattendance at the barracks' evening parade. Inaddition, more than 350 enjoyed a buffet dinnerat the Officers' Club.

14

Publications production capabilities of thedivision were explained at the military historians'open house by Miss Cathy Stoll, right,publications production staff member, to RobertM. Utley, Deputy Executive Director of thePresidential Advisory Council on HistoricPreservation. Miss StolE explained how divisionpublications, including Fortitudine, are set intype in the Historical Center.

Retired Marines congregated around the snack table on the top floor of the center during their open houseon 30 July. The reception was so popular that it exceeded its announced time by an extra hour.

Vietnam andHelicopterHistoriesPublished

The first volume of a planned series on Marineactivities in Vietnam as well as the first book of atwo volume history of the development of thehelicopter in the Marine Corps have beenpublished by the History and Museums Division.

U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1954-1964, to befollowed by eight other chronologicalmonographs, traces the Vietnam-related actionsof Marines through the first 10 years of Americanmilitary assistance that followed the French-Indochina War.

The author, Captain (now Major) Robert H.Whitlow, is a Marine reservist who was amember of the division from September 1972-August 1974. The narrative focuses on a number

MARINES AND HELICOPTERS

1946- 1962

1)

U.S. MARINES IN VIETNAMTHE ADVISORY & COMBAT ASSISTANCE ERA

1954-1964

of events during this relatively obscure and oftenneglected chapter of Marine Corps History.

The text is footnoted throughout and is sup-plemented by a number of useful appendices,charts, maps, and photographs.

Marines and Helicopters, 1946-1962 is a com-prehensive, detailed study of the men and eventsthat have made the U.S. Marine Corps the leaderin amphibious helicopter tactics. It was writtenby LtCol Eugene W. Rawlins and edited by MajWilliam J. Sambito, both experienced helicopterpilots. The author skillfully guides the readerstep-by-step through the early stages of helicopterdevelopment as the Marine Corps acquires,develops, and realizes the enormous potential ofthe new aircraft.

The book's 113 pages contain many rarephotographs of early model helicopters and ofthe pioneers of the helicopter industry whodeveloped and flew them. It includes achronology, informational appendices, and adetailed index to help the reader.

Both histories will be available for purchasefrom the Superintendent of Documents, Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 incase-bound editions; Marines in Vietnam,1954-1 964 for $6.75 and Marines andHelicopters, 1946-1962 for an anticipated $6.00.Automatic distribution of both histories willbemade Marine Corps-wide down to and includingcompany level.

VTU (Historical) 1-8 HasActive Duty at Historical Center

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DCPARTMENT OP THE NAVYL*DQU . S AAIv CO5P

•O!. fl.C 20350

OFFICIAL flUSINESS,!..-"—.

THUd) ri. S 1 -'IL

mining films. ond newsreels—dsnng fromWorld War I to the present. In the coune of hieresearch. Mr Sold hod lnvestlgnted the holding!of film repositories in the Washinion area aridha! reviewed what i held by the film archives in

aMr. Henry 0. Davi!. curator of the

MCLSBPac Museum at Bantow. Calil. will hereturning to thr L. Army museum system

Quantiio. Ass result of his effort.. Mn Suid had having been named curator of the Quartermasterprepared a 'jot of nearly l1J tiIes. considerably Muanm at Fort t?e. Vs. Dovi. came to Barstowmore than hod pro inosly been thought to exist. rem 'he Cavalry ltiet,nI. Fort Rile, Ken.

What i the origin of the colored different colors. red for member of therecognition Ilare worn In Shore Party Shnre Parts, blue for the Naval Beachnod other beach units on thrir utility Group, yellow fr Anphibious Conotnic-uniforms? ti,ti Battalions, and white for beach

Col JanIce J Harp, head of theEngineer, Motor Transport, nod GeneralSupport Branch in the Installation andLogistics Deparuttent at HeadquartersMarine Corps. has been working with theFMFPac Engineer's Office on the topic andask, if Fonhzadbie reader, can be of help.

ougnientation personnel. Col Ilsrp has

been oble to run th,'ir use back to the Ti-niazi operation but bee had no uck inestablishing 'ho introduced them and whenon'] ott whet o,,tEtt,rics -

If any reader has information. Col Harpbe contacted ot Code LME, Head

quarters Marine Corps, Washiswton. D.C.The patches are I 'inch sqoarea of four 20380 or phone 102t r-3bl8.