founding the thirteen colonies -...
TRANSCRIPT
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
England plants colonies in North America
Sir Walter Raleigh Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia
For Queen Elizabeth-the �virgin queen�
Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)
1585Roanoke Colony
�The Lost Colony�
Joint Stock Company originally funded and maintained English coloniesSeveral investors who pooled their wealth in support of a colony Business venture for profit
CHARTERan official permit to start a colony from the English monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits
COLONY # 1
VIRGINIA
FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT
Jamestown FOUNDED
1607LEADER
John Smith
Virginia Company Joint Stock Company that funded the settlement of JamestownCharter from King James I
Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king
John SmithBecame a leader of the Jamestown colony its first winter at age 28�If any would not work, neither should he eat.�Developed a relationship with the Powhatan tribe Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident
The Starving Time :1609-10
1609 – 600 new colonists 1610- only 60 survive Some accounts of cannibalism�sharp prick of hunger which no man can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.�- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY –governor of Jamestown
Pocohantas daughter of Chief Powhatan defends the life of John Smith marries John Rolfe
John RolfeCreated a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonists
Tobacco Economy required a labor force
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (1618)INDENTURED SERVANTSSLAVERY (1619)
1619: The House of Burgesses An elected legislative bodyBurgess = a person invested with all the privileges of a citizenMale landowners over age 17 eligible to vote for representatives Any decision required the approval of the Virginia Company in London First seed of American democracy
COLONY # 2
MASSACHUSETTS
FIRST SETTLEMENTPlymouth
FOUNDED 1620
English Reformation16th century movement for religious reform Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope�s authority Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)
Puritans
A group in England who wanted to reform the Church of EnglandWanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicism
SeparatistsPuritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the Church of England from within and wanted to form their own separate congregations
PilgrimsSeparatists who fled England to escape persecution
HollandNorth America
Mayflower Compact 1620Considered the first written constitution in North America Radical idea
Government depends on the consent of the governed
SECOND SETTLEMENTBOSTON
FOUNDED 1630
LEADER JOHN WINTHROP
Massachusetts Bay CompanyJoint Stock company that funded the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Boston – capital city
Great Puritan Migration1629-1642 Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony
The �Elect�Predestination Some humans predestined by God for eternal bliss = �the elect�
God would reveal his selection to the �elect�Expected to lead sanctified lives
Colonial Governmentin the Massachusetts Bay Colony
General CourtLawmaking body which chose the colonial governor
FreemanOnly stockholders in MBC and �the elect� -all adult male members of the Puritan Church - could vote No separation of church and stateTheocracy
Laws based on the Puritan religion No tolerance for religious dissent
COLONY # 3
NEW HAMPSHIRE1623
NEW HAMPSHIREFIRST SETTLEMENT
ExeterFOUNDED
1623LEADER
John Wheelwright
COLONY # 4
CONNECTICUT1636
CONNECTICUTFIRST SETTLEMENT
Hartford FOUNDED
1636LEADER
Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders1639A constitution governing colonial Connecticut Establishing a democratic state controlled by �substantial� citizens
COLONY # 5
MARYLAND1632
MARYLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT
St. Mary�s FOUNDED
1632LEADER
George Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore
Lord BaltimoreCatholic EnglishmanFounded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace
Maryland Act of TolerationLandmark act passed by the Maryland assembly Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only for Christians )
Radical idea at this timeThe penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hanged
No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…
COLONY # 6
RHODE ISLAND1636
RHODE ISLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT
ProvidenceFOUNDED
1636LEADER
Roger Williams
Roger WilliamsPuritan who was tolerant of other religions
Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianity
Did not believe in a tax supported churchSupported separation of church and state
Indian land should be paid for Banished from MBC for his beliefs
Roger WilliamsStarted a colony called Providence which would become RIBought land from the Native Americans to start the colony
Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banished
Based on �freedom of conscience�Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews
Roger Williams" We may praise him .. for his defense of
religious liberty and the separation of church and state . He deserves the tribute … but it falls short of the man. His greatness was simpler. He dared to think. " - Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger
Williams
Ann HutchinsonReligious dissenter (like Roger Williams) Put on trial for her beliefsBanished from the MBC Fled to RI and later to NY
Chronological OrderProtestant ReformationFounding of the Plymouth Colony The Great Puritan Migration Founding of Rhode Island
COLONY # 7
DELEWARE1638
DELEWAREFIRST SETTLEMENT
WilmingtonFOUNDED
1638LEADER
Peter Minuit
COLONY # 8
NORTH CAROLINA1663
NORTH CAROLINAFIRST SETTLEMENT
Albemarie County FOUNDED
1663LEADER
Group of eight proprietors
COLONY # 9
SOUTH CAROLINA1663
SOUTHCAROLINAFIRST SETTLEMENT
Charles Town (later Charleston)FOUNDED
1663LEADER
Group of eight proprietors
COLONY # 10
NEW YORK1664
NEW YORK FIRST SETTLEMENT
New York FOUNDED
1664LEADER
Peter Minuit
Henry Hudson Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Passage Land in North America he claimed for Holland called New Netherlands
Dutch West India Company The business that owned most of Holland�s colonies
Fur trading More interested in its colonies in India
Peter StuyvesantDutch governor of New Netherlands
1664 –British take New Netherlands
from Holland without firing a shot Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)renamed it New York
Proprietor Owners of colonies who expected the people who lived on their land to pay them a tax called a �quit rent�.
COLONY # 11
NEW JERSEY1664
NEW JERSEY FIRST SETTLEMENT
East Jersey – CarteretWest Jersey – Salem
FOUNDED1664
LEADERLord Berkeley Sir Carteret
COLONY # 12
PENNSYLVANIA1681
PENNSYLVANIAFIRST SETTLEMENT
PhiladelphiaFOUNDED
1681LEADER
William Penn
William PennEnglish real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvaniaearly advocate of democracy and religious freedom
QuakersThe Society of Friends, or Quakers, began at the tail end of Europe’s Protestant Reformation in the 17th century. The missionary efforts of the earliest Friends took them to North America, where they became heavily involved in Pennsylvania politics before reversing their views on government participation in the mid-1750s. The Society became the first organization in history to ban slaveholding, and in the 1800s Quakers populated the abolitionist movement in numbers far exceeding their proportion of all Americans.
COLONY # 13
GEORGIA1732
GEORGIAFIRST SETTLEMENT
Savannah FOUNDED
1732LEADER
James Oglethorpe
James Ogelthorpe Wanted to create a colony where debtors could go instead of going to jail
Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlers
The buffer colony from Spanish colonies south (Florida)From French claims west (Louisiana)