PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES

• ORAL stage – birth to 18 months

• ANAL stage - 18 months to 3 years

• PHALLIC stage – 3 to 6 years

• LATENT stage – 6 years to puberty

• GENITAL stage – puberty onwards

ORAL STAGE

• Erogenous zone – MOUTH• Gratifying activities – nursing-eating, as well

mouth movement like sucking• Developmental task – self from non-self and

development of TRUST • Interaction with the environment – primary

socialization – breast is the source of food and drink and also love

• Controlled by the ID therefore immediate gratification

ORAL STAGE

• Insufficient or forceful feeding result in FIXATION

• Symptoms of fixation: smoking, nail biting, constant chewing, overeating, drinking, sarcasm (“biting personality”) and verbal hostility

• Pathology- DEPENDENT personality

ANAL STAGE

• Erogenous zone – ANUS

• Gratifying activities – bowel movement and the withholding of such movement

• Developmental task – to control and postpone the urge, to work out ambivalence attitudes

• Anlage of the superego

ANAL STAGE

• Interaction with the environment – dyadic relationship. The major event is toilet training

• Anal fixation: ANAL – EXPULSIVE personality ANAL – RETENTIVE personalityPathology – OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE

PERSONALITY

PHALLIC STAGE

• Erogenous zone – GENITAL• Gratifying activities – masturbation and genital

fondling• Superego developing• Developmental task – resolution of “oedipus

complex”• Interaction with the environment – triadic

relationships. The key event is the child’s attraction of the parent of opposite sex, together with the envy and fear of the same-sex parent

PHALLIC STAGE

“OEDIPUS COMPLEX”

- the male child’s attachment to the mother. Child becomes rivals with his father and sees him as competition for the mother’s affection. Then experience intense fear of punishment from the father for their desire for the mother “CASTRATION ANXIETY”

PHALLIC SATGE

“ELECTRA COMPLEX”

-girls unconscious sexual desire for the father. It involves “penis envy” that is according to Freud, the girl believes that she once have a penis but that it was removed.

PHALLIC STAGE

• Phallic fixation: sexual deviances, weak or confused sexual identity

• Pathology – GENDER issues

LATENCY STAGE

• No erogenous zone

• Quiescent stage

• Stabilization of superego – ego-ideal

• Interaction with the environment – same sex peer relationships, sexual instinct is submerged in the unconscious

GENITAL STAGE

• Erogenous zone – GENITAL• Gratifying activities – masturbation and

heterosexual relationship• Reshaping of the superego• Development task – consolidation of sexual

identity,control of drives, greater independence• Interaction with the environment – marked by

renewed sexual interest and desire and the pursuit of relationships

EIGHT STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE

ERIC ERICKSON

LIFE CYCLE STAGES

1. TRUST vs MISTRUST (0 to 18 months)2. AUTONOMY vs SHAME & DOUBT (18

months to 3 years)3. INITIATIVE vs GUILT (3 to 5 years)4. INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY (5 to 13)5. IDENTITY vs ROLE CONFUSION (13 to 21)6. INTIMACY vs ISOLATION (21 to 40)7. GENERATIVITY vs STAGNATION (40 to 60)8. INTEGRITY vs DESPAIR (60 above)

TRUST VS MISTRUST

• Corresponds to the oral psychosexual stage• TRUST shown by ease of feeding, depth of

sleep, availability of mother or caretaker• Depends on the consistency and sameness of

experiences provided by the caretaker• Second to 6 months: teething and biting

move infant from getting to taking• Weaning leads to nostalgia for lost paradise

TRUST VS MISTRUST

• If basic trust is strong, child maintains hopeful attitude, develops self-confidence

• Oral zone associated with mode of being satisfied

• Virtue of HOPE• Psychopathology: DYSTHYMIA DEPRESSION SCHIZOPHRENIA

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT

• Corresponds to muscular-anal stage• Biologically includes learning to walk, feed self,

talk• Need for outer control, firmness of caretaker

before development of AUTONOMY• SHAME occurs when the child is overly self-

conscious through negative exposure and punishment

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT

• Self-doubt can evolve if parents overly shame child, eg, elimination

• Anal zone associated with mode of holding on and letting go

• Virtue : WILL• Psychopathology: OBSESSIVE

COMPULSIVE personality, PARANOID personality

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

• Corresponds to phallic psychosexual stage• INITIATIVE arises in relation to tasks for the sake

of activity, both motor and intellectual• GUILT may arise over goals contemplated

(especially aggressive goals)• Desire to mimic adult world; involvement of

oedipal struggle leads to resolution through social role identification

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

• Sibling rivalry frequent

• Phallic zone associated with mode of competition and aggression

• Virtue : PURPOSE

• Psychopathology: ANXIETY DISORDERS

PSYCHOSOMATIC

PHOBIAS

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

• Corresponds to the latency psychosexual stage• Child is busy building, creating, accomplishing• Receives systematic instruction of fundamentals

of technology• Dangers of sense of inadequacy and inferiority if

child despairs of tools, skills and status among peers

• Socially decisive age

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

• No dominant zone or mode

• Virtue: COMPETENCE

• Psychopathology: low self-esteem, inferiority can lead to depression or Work as main focus in life in expense of intimacy

IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

• Struggle to develop ego identity (sense of inner sameness and continuity)

• Preoccupation with appearance, hero worship, ideology

• Group identity (with peers) develop

• Danger of role confusion, doubts about sexual and vocational identity

IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION

• Psychosexual moratorium, stage between morality learned by the child and the ethics developed by the adult

• No dominant zone or mode• Virtue: FIDELITY• Psychopathology: CONDUCT DISORDER,

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR, GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER, PSYCHOTIC DISORDER

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION

• Tasks are to LOVE and to WORK

• INTIMACY is characterized by self-abandonment, mutuality of sexual orgasm, intense friendship, attachment that are life-long

• ISOLATION is marked by separation from others and view that others are dangerous

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION

• General sense of productivity in this stage

• No dominant zone or mode

• Virtue : LOVE

• Psychopathology: SOCIAL ISOLATION

SUSPICIOUS character

DEPRESSION

GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION

• GENERATIVITY includes raising children, guiding new generation, creativity, altruism

• STAGNATION not prevented by having children; parent must provide nurturance and love

• Self-concern, isolation and absence of intimacy are characteristic of stagnation

• No dominant zone or mode

GENERATIVITY AND STAGNATION

• Virtue : CARE

• Psychopathology: prone to DEPRESSION, substance use like alcohol

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

• INTEGRITY is a sense of satisfaction that life has been productive and worthwhile

• DESPAIR is a loss of hope that produces misanthropy and disgust

• Persons in the state of despair is fearful of death

• An acceptance of one’s place in the life cycle is characteristic of integrity

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

• Virtue : WISDOM

• Psychopathology: psychosomatic, hypochondriac and depression, increase suicide