UPS Introduction - Power Never Ends -

Released by FSP Group

2015/08/28

Agenda

Summary

Introduction

Seven Types of Power Problems

UPS output capacity & reliability indexes

Basic Function

Applications

UPS types

Summary

• There is much confusion in the marketplace about the

• different types of UPS systems and their characteristics.

• Each of these UPS types is defined, practical applications

• of each are discussed, and advantages and disadvantages

• are listed.

Introduction

• UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supplies • (or Uninterruptible Power System)

• UPS can supply two paths of power source to the load,

• when the primary power source brown out or black out, the • transfer switch built-in the UPS will switch to backup power • source.

Seven Types of Power Problems :

Transients

Brownout(Interruptions)

Sag(Under-voltage)

Surge(Overvoltage)

Waveform distortion

Voltage fluctuations

Frequency variations

(1.1) Transients : Impulsive

(1.2) Transients : Oscillatory

(adjustable speed drives)

Oscillation induced by utility automatically switching

in capacitor banks

(2) Brownout / Interruptions :

(3) Sag / Undervoltage :

(4) Swell / Surge (Overvoltage) :

(5) Waveform distortion : DC offset

(5) Waveform distortion : Harmonics

(6) Voltage fluctuations :

(7) Frequency variation :

UPS output capacity & reliability indexes

• Efficiency AC-AC

• Output current peak factor

• The output current surge factor (start)

• Output overload capability

• Output loading power factor

• Three-phase unbalanced load capability

• Storage data supply backup power source

• Protect Device improve the quality of power

• Diagnostics manual & regular self-test function

• Power monitoring Windows / Linux applications

management software, automatic power off & alarm function via USB/SNMP/RS232/RS485 communication interface.

Basic Function:

• Personal Computer (PC)

• Server

• Telecom communication machine …

• Information Data Center (IDC) DB server, big data info.

• Industry / Military survival equipment, alarm system

Applications :

UPS types

• A variety of design approaches are used to implement

UPS systems, each with distinct performance

characteristics. The most common design approaches

are as follows:

Off Line Line Interactive On-Line

Off Line UPS The most common type used for Personal Computers.

The transfer switch is set to choose the filtered AC input as the primary power source (solid line path), and switches to the battery / inverter as the backup source should the primary source fail. The inverter only starts when the power fails, hence the name "Standby." Work Mode: Normal Mode (or Bypass Mode or Line Mode) Battery Mode (or Inverter Mode or Backup Mode)

Surge Suppressor and filter to eliminate spike and high frequency noise

• When the utility is normal, it will provide power to the load directly

• When the utility black out (utility fail), it will switch to the battery/inverter as the backup source by the transfer switch

Advantages : • High efficiency

• Small size

• Low cost

• With proper filter and surge circuitry, these systems can also provide adequate noise filtration and surge suppression

Working Function:

Line Interactive UPS

AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulation when the utility brown out wide the input voltage range, prolong the battery’s life cycle. Voltage regulation is an important feature when low voltage conditions exist, otherwise the UPS would transfer to battery and then eventually down the load. This more frequent battery usage can cause premature battery failure.

The most common design used for small business, Web and departmental servers.

• When the utility is normal, it will provide power to the load directly

• When the utility brown out (voltage is a little high or low), the voltage of utility will be regulated by AVR before output

• When the utility black out (utility fail), it will switch to the battery/inverter as the backup source by the transfer switch

Working Function:

Advantages : • High efficiency

• Small size

• Low cost

• High reliability coupled with the ability to correct low or high line voltage conditions make this the dominant type of UPS in the 0.5-5kVA power range

On-Line UPS

Working Mode: Bypass Mode Normal Mode ( or Inverter Mode or Line Mode） Battery Mode

Double Conversion: AC DC, DC AC ※ Note: the primary power path is the inverter instead of the AC main.

Advantages : • Wide input voltage range

• No transfer time,

• Steady output voltage

• High precision

Working Function: • When the utility is normal, it will be rectified before flowing to the

inverter, then the inverter supplies power to the load

• When the utility is abnormal, inverter gets power form battery, then

the inverter provides power to the load directly

• When the inverter fails, it switches to the static bypass switch?

Realize what UPS is used for now ?!

It makes your power never ends & bring you big convenience.

So…Why not have one, right now !

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