gao feca analysis of proposed changes on usps beneficiaries - 2012

7/30/2019 GAO FECA Analysis of Proposed Changes on USPS Beneficiaries - 2012

1/25

]`ko 0 K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Ljvodioy 96" 9=09

Wao Ajljyìbo Cjal EbnloHa`nyd`lWao Ajljyìbo Kojyko DnbboyY`lenlk DodioyHjddnwwoo jl Oguh`wnjl `lg wao [jyefjyho_lnwog Xw`wox Ajuxo jf Yo}yoxolw`wnvox

Wao Ajljyìbo Wnd [`bioykHa`nyd`l

Wao Ajljyìbo B~ll [jjbxo~Y`lenlk DodioyXuihjddnwwoo jl [jyefjyho ]yjwohwnjlxHjddnwwoo jl Oguh`wnjl `lg wao [jyefjyho_lnwog Xw`wox Ajuxo jf Yo}yoxolw`wnvox

Xuicohw3 Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw3 @l`b~xnx jf ]yj}jxog Ha`lkox jl _X]XIolofnhn`ynox

Nl 9=0=" wao Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox+ Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw !FOH@. }yjky`d }`ng '0,> inbbnjl nl h`xaiolofnwx wj fogoy`b {jyeoyx {aj xuxw`nlog nlcuynox jy nbbloxxox {anbo }oyfjydnlk fogoy`b guwnox,0 Wao_,X, Go}`ywdolw jf Bìjy !Bìjy. `gdnlnxwoyx FOH@ `lg i`xox FOH@ iolofnwx jl `l od}bj~oox{`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ lg {aowaoy wao od}bj~oo a`x obnknibo go}olgolwx, Nl `ggnwnjl"hjlxngoy`wnjl nx knvol wj wao iolofnhn`y~x ìnbnw~ wj {jye `fwoy wao nlcuy~,9

0 Wao yohon}w jf FOH@ iolofnwx nx koloy`bb~ wao oqhbuxnvo yodog~ fjy ionlk nlcuyog jl wao cji `lg ` fogoy`bod}bj~oo nx }yjaninwog fyjd xunlk anx jy aoy od}bj~oy jy yohjvoynlk g`d`kox fjy xuha nlcuy~ ulgoy `ljwaoyxw`wuwo,

X}ohnfnh`bb~" iolofnhn`ynoxulìbo wj yowuyl wj {jyewjw`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox{aj a`vo `l obnknibo go}olgolw `yohjd}olx`wog `w ;? }oyholw jf kyjxx {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ `lg wajxo {nwajuw `l obnknibogo}olgolw `yo hjd}olx`wog `w 66$9*8 }oyholw, Waoxo iolofnwx `yo `gcuxwog fjy nlfb`wnjl `lg `yo ljww`qog ljy xuicohw wj `ko yoxwynhwnjlx, Xjdo }jbnh~dèoyx a`vo y`nxog puoxwnjlx ìjuw wao bovob jfFOH@ iolofnwx" ox}ohn`bb~ hjd}`yog wj wao yownyodolw iolofnwx ulgoy wao Fogoy`b Od}bj~ooxYownyodolw X~xwod !FOYX." {anha koloy`bb~ hjvoyx od}bj~oox fnyxw anyog nl 0>17 jy b`woy,

9 Iolofnhn`ynox {aj `yo gowoydnlog wj a`vo xjdo {`ko o`ylnlk h`}`hnw~}`ywn`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox`yohjd}olx`wog i`xog jl wao gnffoyolho iow{ool {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ `lg {`kox wa`w Bìjy gowoydnloxwao~ `yo ìbo wj o`yl, Wajxo {nwa ` go}olgolw `yo hjd}olx`wog `w ;? }oyholw jf wanx gnffoyolho `lg wajxo{nwajuw `l obnknibo go}olgolw `w 66$9*8 }oyholw jf wao gnffoyolho,

_lnwog Xw`wox Kjvoyldolw @hhjulwìnbnw~ Jffnho[`xanlkwjl" GH 9=?71


2/25

]`ko 9 K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

@ }yj}jx`b i~ Bìjy wj yovnxo FOH@ nlhbugox wao fjbbj{nlk ha`lkox wj wao iolofnwx fjy fuwuyo wjw`b`lg }`ywn`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox38

Xow nlnwn`b FOH@ iolofnwx `w ` xnlkbo y`wo !;= }oyholw jf `}}bnhìbo {`kox `w wndo jf nlcuy~."yok`ygboxx jf {aowaoy wao iolofnhn`y~ a`x obnknibo go}olgolwx,

7

Hjlvoyw FOH@ iolofnwx wj ?= }oyholw jf `}}bnhìbo {`kox `w wndo jf nlcuy~`gcuxwog fjynlfb`wnjljlho iolofnhn`ynox yo`ha wao fubb Xjhn`b Xohuynw~ yownyodolw `ko,

@ b`yko }yj}jywnjl jf FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {oyo od}bj~og i~ wao _,X, ]jxw`b Xoyvnho !_X]X. `w waowndo jf waony nlcuy~78 }oyholw jf 9=0= FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {oyo _X]X od}bj~oox, Wj hjlxngoy waooffohwx jf waoxo }yj}jxog ha`lkox jl _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox" {o ov`bu`wog !0. [a`w {jubg iowao offohw jf hjd}olx`wnlk wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `w ` xnlkbo y`wo yok`ygboxx jfa`vnlk go}olgolwx" `x }yj}jxog i~ Bìjy: `lg !9. Aj{ {jubg FOYX `lg wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ FOH@iolofnwx nl yownyodolw hjd}`yo fjy _X]X iolofnhn`ynox ulgoy huyyolw FOH@ `lg Bìjyx }yj}jxogFOH@ yovnxnjl:

Xhj}o `lg Dowajgjbjk~

Wanx yo}jyw uxox wao x`do dowajgx `x juy Jhwjioy 9=09 FOH@ yo}jyw" {anha `ggyoxxog wao x`dojicohwnvox fjy ljl$}jxw`b FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox,?

Wj `ggyoxx juyjicohwnvox" {ohjlguhwog xndub`wnjlx wj hjd}`yo FOH@ iolofnwx {nwa !0. `hwu`bwèo$ajdo }`~

[o goxhynio juy dowajgjbjk~ iobj{5 aj{ovoy" fjy `

hjd}bowo goxhyn}wnjl jf juy dowajgjbjk~ fjy ijwa jicohwnvox" xoo `}}olgnq NN jf K@J$08$0=1, Fjygow`nbx x}ohnfnh wj wao _X]X `l`b~xnx xoo olhbjxuyo N jf wanx yo}jyw,

6 nl 9=0=" `lg !9. `hwu`b FOYX iolofnwx nl 9=0=,; [o bndnwog wao `l`b~xnx nl wanxyo}jyw wj FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {aj {oyo od}bj~og i~ _X]X `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~" _X]X {jyeoyx" `lg_X]X `llunw`lwx hjvoyog ulgoy FOYX,1

8 Wao }yj}jx`b `l`b~sog nx Bìjyx Fogoy`b Nlcuyog Od}bj~oox Yood}bj~dolw @hw jf 9=0= wohalnh`b`xxnxw`lho gnxhuxxnjl gy`fw" C`lu`y~ 08" 9=00, Wao }yj}jxog ha`lkox {jubg ljw `ffohw wao iolofnwx jf huyyolwFOH@ yohn}nolwx,

[o oq`dnlog wao offohwx jf wao }yj}jxog FOH@ yovnxnjlxjl wajxo FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {aj {oyo hjlxngoyog wj io wjw`bb~ gnxìbog" n,o," wao~ a`g lj {`koo`ylnlk h`}`hnw~, FOH@ iolofnwx {oyo ljw goxnklog wj nlhyo`xo `w ` y`wo hjd}`yìbo wj }`~nlhyo`xox `l nlgnvngu`b hjubg a`vo yohonvog wayjuka xwo} nlhyo`xox jy }yjdjwnjlx !h`yooy kyj{wa. nfao jy xao a`g lovoy iool nlcuyog, Aj{ovoy" juy `l`b~xnx f`hwjyx nl h`yooy kyj{wa wj }yjvngo `hjd}`ynxjl iow{ool FOH@ iolofnwx `lg wao wèo$ajdo }`~ wao iolofnhn`y~ hjubg a`vo yohonvog"

ìxolw `l nlcuy~, [o hjlxngoyog aj{ waoxo offohwx v`ynog `hyjxx hoyw`nl xuikyju}x jf od}bj~oox"nlhbugnlk wajxo i`xog jl wao }yoxolho jf ` go}olgolw" wao oqwolw jf dnxxog nlhjdo" `lg ~o`yx jfxoyvnho, Wj hjlguhw juy xndub`wnjlx" {o uxog g`w` fyjd wao 9=0= Nlwoky`wog Fogoy`b Od}bj~ooxHjd}olx`wnjl X~xwod !nFOHX.5 0>>?$9=0= _X]X Aud`l H`}nw`b Olwoy}ynxo X~xwod !AHOX.5 9=0=FOYX `llunw`lw g`w`5 9===$9=09 Waynfw X`vnlkx ]b`l !WX]. g`w`5 `lg Xjhn`b Xohuynw~ iolofnw g`w`fyjd wao D`xwoy Iolofnhn`y~ Yohjyg !DIY., [o gowoydnlog wa`w wao g`w` {o uxog {oyo xuffnhnolwb~

7 Koloy`bb~" wao }yj}jx`b gohyo`xox iolofnwx fjy iolofnhn`ynox {nwa go}olgolwx `lg nlhyo`xox iolofnwx fjy

wajxo {nwajuw go}olgolwx hjd}`yog wj wao huyyolw }yjky`d,? K@J" Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw3 @l`b~xnx jf ]yj}jxog ]yjky`d Ha`lkox"K@J$08$0=1![`xanlkwjl" G,H,3 Jhwjioy 96" 9=09.,6 [o gofnlog wèo$ajdo }`~ `x kyjxx {`kox yoguhog i~ d`lg`wjy~ yownyodolw hjlwyniuwnjlx `lg fogoy`b `lgxw`wo nlhjdo w`qox !`xxudnlk ` xnlkbo go}olgolw. `lg gng ljw wèo gnxhyownjl`y~ goguhwnjlx nlwj `hhjulw,;

Wao `l`b~xox {oyo i`xog jl xl`}xajwx nl 9=0= `lg gng ljw hjlxngoy `l~ hudub`wnvo offohwx jf wao }yj}jxogFOH@ yovnxnjlx jl bnfowndo nlhjdo,1 ]`ywn`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox{aj a`vo xjdo h`}`hnw~ wj o`yl {`kox {oyo io~jlg wao xhj}o jf wanx{jye" nl }`yw iohùxo Bìjy gjox ljw eoo} g`w` ìjuw waony wjw`b nlhjdo !nlhbugnlk `l~ o`ylnlkx. nl `lobohwyjlnh g`wì`xo,
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3/25


yobnìbo fjy wao }uy}jxox jf wao yo}jyw,

Wj hjlxngoy wao offohw jf hjd}olx`wnlk wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `w wao xnlkbo y`wo jf;= }oyholw {anha {o yofoy wj `x yovnxog FOH@{o hjlguhwog ` xndub`wnjl wa`w hjd}`yog waooqwolw wj {anha FOH@ `lg wao }yj}jxog yovnxnjl {jubg yo}b`ho ` _X]X iolofnhn`y~x wèo$ajdo}`~, Xnlho {o h`lljw jixoyvo ` iolofnhn`y~x dnxxog h`yooy }`wa `lg dnxxog {`kox" {o `l`b~sog` xow jf _X]X od}bj~oox {aj a`g lovoy iool nlcuyog `lg {aj {oyo od}bj~og `w wao olg jf fnxh`b~o`y 9=0=, [o d`whaog yoholw wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox wj waoxo _X]X od}bj~oox

nl jygoy wj olxuyo wao w{j kyju}x jf nlgnvngu`bx {oyo xndnb`y,>

Juy d`wha {`x i`xog jl {jye$yob`wog ha`y`hwoynxwnhx" xuha `x {aowaoy `l od}bj~oo {`x ha`y`hwoynsog i~ _X]X `x a`vnlk ` ibuo$hjbb`y jy {anwo$hjbb`y jhhu}`wnjl, [o `bxj nlhbugog }oyxjl`b ha`y`hwoynxwnhx wa w d`~ io nd}jyw`lwnl woydx jf h`yooy `lg {`ko kyj{wa" xuha `x wao g`wo `lg `ko {aol wao od}bj~oox xw`ywog waonyfogoy`b h`yooyx" `x {obb `x waony {`ko anxwjynox }ynjy wj wao nlcuy~, Jlho {o d`whaog wao w{j xowx"{o xndub`wog nlcuynox jl wao ulnlcuyog _X]X {jyeoyx" wndog wj hjnlhngo {nwa wao hjyyox}jlgnlkFOH@ iolofnhn`y~x nlcuy~, Fyjd wa`w }jnlw fjy{`yg" {o jlb~ hjlxngoyog wao d`whaog xow jf _X]Xod}bj~oox`lg ljw wao FOH@ iolofnhn`ynoxnl juy `l`b~xnx,0= I`xog jl wao _X]X od}bj~oox`hwu`b {`kox `w wao wndo jf wao xndub`wog nlcuy~" {o h`bhub`wog waony a~}jwaownh`b FOH@ `lg yovnxogFOH@ iolofnwx" {anha {o xndub`wog i`xog jl kyjxx {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~, [o `}}bnog hjxw$jf$bnvnlk `gcuxwdolwx wj }yjcohw wao nlnwn b iolofnwx wj 9=0=, A`vnlk gowoydnlog wao 9=0= FOH@ iolofnwx!xndub`wog. `lg 9=0= o`ylnlkx !`hwu`b. fjy o`ha jf waoxo _X]X od}bj~oox" {o {oyo ìbo wj

h`bhub`wo wao }yj}jywnjl jf 9=0= wèo$ajdo }`~ yo}b`hog i~ wao xndub`wog FOH@ iolofnw" jy {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wo,00

I~ uxnlk 9=0= wèo$ajdo }`~" {o f`hwjy dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa nlwj wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox {oh`bhub`wo, @bwajuka" `x dolwnjlog ìjvo" FOH@ {`x ljw goxnklog wj hjd}olx`wo fjy dnxxog h`yooykyj{wa" {o uxog ` d`whanlk dowajgjbjk~ wa`w `bbj{x ux wj do`xuyo wao `gopu`h~ jf iolofnwx {nwayox}ohw wj wao hjulwoyf`hwu`b, X}ohnfnh`bb~" {o h`}wuyo wao oqwolw wj {anha FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `yoìbo wj d`nlw`nl wao xw`lg`yg jf bnvnlk wao~ {jubg a`vo a`g ìxolw `l nlcuy~, @bwoyl`wnvob~" jlohjubg uxo ` dowajg wa`w gjox ljw `hhjulw fjy dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa, Fjy nlxw`lho" juy 0>>1 FOH@yo}jyw h`bhub`wog {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox i~ hjd}`ynlk FOH@ iolofnwx wj wèo$ajdo }`~ `w waowndo jf nlcuy~" `gcuxwog fjy nlfb`wnjl, Wa`w `}}yj`ha do`xuyog wao gokyoo wj {anha iolofnhn`ynox{oyo ìbo wj d`nlw`nl wao xw`lg`yg jf bnvnlk wao~ {jubg a`vo a`g `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~,

09

> Fjy djyo gow`nbx jl wao xndnb`ynw~ jf wao d`whaog xowx jf FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `lg _X]X od}bj~oox" xooolhbjxuyo N,

Wao

0= [o fjhux xjbob~ jl wao _X]X {jyeoyy`waoy wa`l wao _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`y~iohùxo gjnlk xj nx djyo}yohnxo wa`l hjd}`ynlk wao iolofnw jf wao FOH@ iolofnhn`y~ wj wao o`ylnlkx jf wao d`whaog _X]X {jyeoy, I~hjlxngoynlk jlb~ wao _X]X {jyeoy" {o `yo ìbo wj h`}wuyo wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo" wao }yj}jywnjl jf wèo$ajdo }`~ yo}b`hog i~ FOH@" nl ` {`~ wa`w do`lnlkfubb~ `hhjulwx fjy h`yooy kyj{wa {anbo `vjngnlk ulguond}yohnxnjl nl {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`w hjubg io `wwyniuwog wj x`b`y~ gnffoyolhox iow{ool wao _X]X{jyeoy `lg wao d`whaog FOH@ iolofnhn`y~,00 ]jbnh~dèoyx h`l w`ykow {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox5 aj{ovoy" waoyo nx lj hjlxolxux jl wao `}}yj}yn`wo {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wo fjy {jyeoyx hjd}olx`wnjl }yjky`dx" xuha `x FOH@, Xuha gohnxnjlx nlvjbvo i`b`lhnlk waokj`bx jf iolofnw `gopu`h~ `lg nlholwnvox wj yowuyl wj {jye, Nl 0>;9" wao L`wnjl`b Hjddnxxnjl jl Xw`wo[jyedolx Hjd}olx`wnjl B`{x olgjyxog ` djvo wj{`ygx 1= }oyholw jf x}olgìbo }`~ jy wèo$ajdo }`~, @0>>1 K@J yo}jyw jl FOH@ `bxj hnwog wanx 1= }oyholw iolhad`ye5 xoo K@J" Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox

Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw3 ]oyholw`kox jf Wèo$Ajdo ]`~ Yo}b`hog i~ Hjd}olx`wnjl Iolofnwx"K@J*KKG$>1$0;7![`xanlkwjl" G,H,3 @ukuxw 0>>1., Nl 9==7" ` yo}jyw i~ wao L`wnjl`b @h`god~ jf Xjhn`b Nlxuy`lho uxog w{j$wanygx jf kyjxx {`kox `x ` w`ykow yo}b`hodolw y`wo fjy {jyeoyx hjd}olx`wnjl }yjky`dx, Xoo A, @bb`l Aulw"ognwjy"@gopu`h~ jf O`ylnlkx Yo}b`hodolw nl [jyeoyx Hjd}olx`wnjl ]yjky`dx" @ Yo}jyw jf wao Xwug~ ]`lobjl Iolofnw @gopu`h~ jf wao L@XN [jyeoyx Hjd}olx`wnjl Xwooynlk Hjddnwwoo ![`xanlkwjl G,H,3 9==7.,09

Xoo K@J*KKG$>1$0;7,Nl }`yw iohùxo jf wao g`w` `v`nbìbo `w wao wndo jf wao yo}jyw"K@J*KKG$>1$0;7h`bhub`wog {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`w gng ljw `hhjulw fjy dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa5 nlxwo`g" nw `hhjulwog fjyhjxw jf bnvnlk `gcuxwdolwx fjy fogoy`b {jyeoyx `lg FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox, Wao yo}jyw fjulg wa`w" jl `voy`ko"FOH@ iolofnwx yo}b`hog jvoy >? }oyholw jf {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ fjy iolofnhn`ynox" nlhbugnlk ijwa }jxw`b`lg ljl$}jxw`b iolofnhn`ynox,
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4/25


`v`nbìnbnw~ jf`ggnwnjl`b g`w` `lg wao nd}yjvog dowajgx od}bj~og nl juy huyyolw `l`b~xnx `bbj{ uxwj }yoxolw `l `xxoxxdolw jf wao `gopu`h~ jf iolofnwx wa`w nlhbugox h`yooy kyj{wa,08

Xndnb`yb~" wj hjd}`yo FOYX wj wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ FOH@ iolofnwx fjy wajxo nlcuyog {anbo {jyenlk fjy_X]X" {o `k`nl yobnog jl ` d`whanlk wohalnpuo" `lg hjlguhwog juy `l`b~xnx fjy ijwa huyyolw FOH@`lg wao }yj}jx`b wj yoguho iolofnwx `w yownyodolw `ko" {anha {o yofoy wj `x yoguhog FOH@, Xnlho{o h`lljw jixoyvo wao FOYX iolofnwx ` FOH@ iolofnhn`y~ {jubg a`vo yohonvog ìxolw `l nlcuy~"{o d`whaog yoholw wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {nwa xndnb`y FOYX `llunw`lwx {ajyownyog fyjd _X]X wj hjd}`yo juwhjdox,

07 Wanx `}}yj`ha h`}wuyox yownyodolw iolofnwx nl wao

hjulwoyf`hwu`b h`xo jf a`vnlk lovoy iool nlcuyog `lg nx hjlxnxwolw {nwa wao `}}yj`ha {o uxog nlwao fnyxw jicohwnvo jf wanx yo}jyw `lg nl juy Foiyu`y~ 9=09 FOH@ yo}jyw" {anha hjd}`yog FOH@iolofnwx wj yownyodolw iolofnwx ulgoy wao Hnvnb Xoyvnho Yownyodolw X~xwod,0? @x iofjyo" {oxndub`wog nlcuynox fjy wao d`whaog xow jf _X]X FOYX `llunw`lwx `lg h`bhub`wog waony a~}jwaownh`bFOH@ iolofnwx`w huyyolw FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox `lg wao }yj}jxog yoguhwnjl wj ?= }oyholw jf`}}bnhìbo {`kox" jlho ` iolofnhn`y~ yo`haox yownyodolw `ko, [o }yjcohwog waoxo xndub`wog FOH@iolofnwx wj 9=0= `lg hjd}`yog waoxo FOH@ iolofnwx" xu}}bodolwog i~ ` WX] `llunw~" wj wao `hwu`bFOYX iolofnw }`he`kox,06 Wao FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko nlhbugox wao FOYX `llunw~" Xjhn`b Xohuynw~iolofnwx" `lg WX] `llunwnox,0; Aj{ovoy" FOYX a`g jlb~ iool nl }b`ho 96 ~o`yx nl 9=0=" xj {o gjljw h`}wuyo ` fubb~ d`wuyo x~xwod,01 Jvoy wndo" FOYX iolofnwx {jubg bneob~ nlhyo`xo `x xjdo`llunw`lwx {jubg a`vo bjlkoy fogoy`b h`yooyx" xj juy h`bhub`wnjl bneob~ ulgoyxw`wox fuwuyo FOYXiolofnwx, Xnlho Bìjyx }yj}jx`b {jubg jlb~ `ffohw fuwuyo FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox" {o hjlguhwog ` fnl`b

xndub`wnjl wj `hhjulw fjy ` d wuyo FOYX, Nl wanx xndub`wnjl" {o oq dnlog wao offohwx jf dnxxnlk}`yw jf ` 8=$~o`y h`yooy guo wj nlcuy~, X}ohnfnh`bb~" {o uxog wao x`do _X]X `llunw`lwx `x ìjvo`lg oqwolgog waony {jye anxwjynox wj hjvoy ` 8=$~o`y }oynjg" {anha `bbj{og ux wj oxwnd`wo yownyodolwiolofnwx i`xog jl ` 8=$~o`y h`yooy knvol waony {`ko anxwjynox, @k`nl {o xndub`wog nlcuynox `lgh`bhub`wog a~}jwaownh`b FOH@ `lg yoguhog FOH@ iolofnwx,0>

[o hjlguhwog wanx }oyfjyd`lho ùgnw fyjd Jhwjioy wj Ljvodioy 9=09 nl `hhjyg`lho {nwa koloy`bb~`hho}wog kjvoyldolw ùgnwnlk xw`lg`ygx, Wajxo xw`lg`ygx yopunyo wa`w {o }b`l `lg }oyfjyd waoùgnw wj jiw`nl xuffnhnolw" `}}yj}yn`wo ovngolho wj }yjvngo ` yo`xjlìbo i`xnx fjy juy fnlgnlkx i`xogjl juy ùgnw jicohwnvox, [o iobnovo wa`w wao ovngolho jiw`nlog }yjvngox ` yo`xjlìbo i`xnx fjy juyfnlgnlkx `lg hjlhbuxnjlx i`xog jl juy ùgnw jicohwnvox,

Xudd`y~ jf Fnlgnlkx

_lgoy juy xndub`wnjl" hjd}olx`wnlk `bb _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `w ;= }oyholw jf {`kox `w waowndo jf nlcuy~ yoguhog wao jvoy`bb dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wowao }oyholw`ko jf wèo$ajdo }`~

08Fjy `ggnwnjl`b gnxhuxxnjl jf wao doynwx jf `hhjulwnlk fjy dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa nl `xxoxxnlk wao `gopu`h~ jfiolofnwx" xoo Aulw" 9==7,07 Fjy gow`nbx jl wao d`wha `lg xuixopuolw `l`b~xnx" xoo olhbjxuyo N jf wanx gjhudolw `lg `}}olgnq NN jfK@J$08$0=1,0?Xoo K@J" Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw3 Iolofnwx fjy Yownyodolw$@ko Iolofnhn`ynoxK@J$09$8=>Y

![`xanlkwjl" G,H,3 Foiyu`y~ 6" 9=09.,06 FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox h`lljw yohonvo FOH@ iolofnwx hjlhuyyolwb~ {nwa wao FOYX `llunw~, Fuywaoy" Xjhn`bXohuynw~ iolofnwx `wwyniuwìbo wj fogoy`b xoyvnho `yo jffxow i~ FOH@ `fwoy yownyodolw,0; [o `xxudog wa`w nlgnvngu`bx hajxo ` xnlkbo bnfo WX] `llunw~ wa`w {`x ljw `gcuxwog fjy nlfb`wnjl,01 I~ d`wuyo FOYX" {o do`l ` yownyodolw x~xwod nl }b`ho `w bo`xw 8= ~o`yx wj knvo ` fubb y`lko jf nlhjdobovobx `lg nlvoxwdolw kyj{wa, Juy huyyolw g`w` a`x bndnwog jixoyv`wnjlx jl FOYX `llunw`lwx {nwa djyo wa`l9? ~o`yx jf xoyvnho, [nwajuw wènlk `hhjulw jf wao d`wuyo x~xwod" {o ulgoyxw`wo wao fuwuyo FOYX iolofnw,0> [o waol xndub`wog gnffoyolw xhol`ynjx i~ v`y~nlk wao }oyholw`ko `l nlgnvngu`b hjlwyniuwog wj wao WX] `lgwao y`wo jf kyj{wa fjy WX] i`b`lhox, ]bo`xo xoo `}}olgnq NN jf K@J$08$0=1fjy djyo gow`nbx ìjuw juyxndub`wnjl jf ` d`wuyo FOYX,
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5/25

]`ko ? K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

yo}b`hog i~ FOH@fyjd 11 wj 17 }oyholw,9=

[nwa yok`yg wj Bìjyx }yj}jx`b wj yoguho FOH@ iolofnwx `w Xjhn`b Xohuynw~ yownyodolw `ko" {ofjulg wa`w nl 9=0=" wao dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko !FOH@ `lg WX]. {`x 8; }oyholw ankaoy wa`lwao dogn`l huyyolw FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko !FOYX" WX]" `lg Xjhn`b Xohuynw~. `lg wa`w Bìjyx}yj}jx`b {jubg yoxubw nl wao yoguhog FOH@ }`he`ko ionlk yjukab~ opu`b wj wao FOYX }`he`ko fjy9=0= _X]X `llunw`lwx,

Nl hjd}`ynlk {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox jf wajxoiolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg {nwajuw ` go}olgolw" {o fjulg wa`w iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `l obnknibo go}olgolwa`g ` dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo wa`w {`x 8 }oyholw`ko }jnlwx kyo`woy wa`l wa`w jfiolofnhn`ynox {nwajuw ` go}olgolw ulgoy huyyolw FOH@, Wao }yj}jxog yovnxnjl nlhyo`xog waod`klnwugo `lg yovoyxog wao gnyohwnjl jf wanx gnffoyolho, Iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `l obnknibo go}olgolwa`g ` dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo wa`w {`x 1 }oyholw`ko }jnlwx boxx wa`l wa`w jf iolofnhn`ynox{nwajuw ` go}olgolw,

90

Juy fnl`b xndub`wnjl jf ` d`wuyo FOYX x~xwodnlwolgog wj yofbohw fuwuyoiolofnwx jf fogoy`b {jyeoyx {nwa 8=$~o`y h`yooyxfjulg wa`w wao dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko {`x08 }oyholw kyo`woy jy 7 }oyholw boxx wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX yownyodolw iolofnw }`he`ko" go}olgnlkjl WX] hjlwyniuwnjlx, _lgoy wao d`wuyo FOYX xndub`wnjl" wao dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw {`x99 jy 9> }oyholw boxx wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko" `k`nl go}olgnlk jl WX]hjlwyniuwnjlx,

I`hekyjulgFOH@ }yjvngox h`xa iolofnwx wj obnknibo fogoy`b od}bj~oox {aj xuffoy wod}jy`y~ jy }oyd`lolwgnxìnbnwnox yoxubwnlk fyjd {jye$yob`wog nlcuynox jy gnxo`xox, Bìjyx Gnvnxnjl jf Fogoy`b Od}bj~ooxHjd}olx`wnjl nl wao Jffnho jf [jyeoyx Hjd}olx`wnjl ]yjky`dx !J[H]. `gdnlnxwoyx wao FOH@}yjky`d `lg ha`ykox `kolhnox fjy {ajd nlcuyog od}bj~oox {jyeog fjy iolofnwx }yjvngog, Waoxo`kolhnox xuixopuolwb~ yondiuyxo Bìjyx Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl Fulg fyjd waony loqw `llu`b`}}yj}yn`wnjl, FOH@ iolofnwx fjy wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox `yo xow `w ;? jy 66$9*8 }oyholw jf waony{`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~" fjy wajxo {nwa `lg {nwajuw obnknibo go}olgolwx yox}ohwnvob~, Waoxoiolofnwx `yo `gcuxwog `llu`bb~ fjy hjxw$jf$bnvnlk nlhyo`xox `lg `yo lonwaoy xuicohw wj `ko yoxwynhwnjlxljy w`qog,

Jlo {`~ wj do`xuyo wao `gopu`h~ jf FOH@ iolofnwx nx wj hjlxngoy {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox" {anha`yo wao }yj}jywnjl jf }yo$nlcuy~ {`kox wa`w `yo yo}b`hog i~ FOH@, [`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`w gjljw `hhjulw fjy dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa h`}wuyo wao gokyoo wj {anha ` iolofnhn`y~ nx ìbo wj d`nlw`nlanx jy aoy }yo$nlcuy~ xw`lg`yg jf bnvnlk, Aj{ovoy" FOH@ `lg jwaoy {jyeoyx hjd}olx`wnjl }yjky`dx{oyo ljw goxnklog wj `hhjulw fjy dnxxog nlhjdo guo wj h`yooy kyj{wa, [`ko yo}b`hodolw y`woxwa`w `hhjulw fjy dnxxog nlhjdo kyj{wa h`}wuyo wao gokyoo wj {anha ` iolofnhn`y~ nx ìbo wj d`nlw`nlanx jy aoy fjyokjlo xw`lg`yg jf bnvnlk, G`w` bndnw`wnjlx h`l }yohbugo h`bhub`wnlk {`ko yo}b`hodolwy`wox wa`w `hhjulw fjy dnxxog nlhjdo kyj{wa5 aj{ovoy" gjnlk xj }yjvngox ` djyo hjd}bowo xwjy~ jfwao hjd}`ynxjl iow{ool `l nlcuyog {jyeoy `lg anx jy aoy hjulwoy$f`hwu`b jf a`vnlk lovoy iool

9= Dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox fjy_X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {oyo koloy`bb~ ankaoy wa`l wajxo jf jwaoyljl$_X]X iolofnhn`ynox gnxhuxxog nl K@J$08$0=1, Nl wa`w yo}jyw" Bìjyx }yj}jxog yovnxnjl yoguhog waodogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo fyjd 1= wj ;; }oyholw, _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox a`vo ` ankaoy {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox iohùxo _X]X {jyeoyx koloy`bb~ oq}oynolhog boxx nlhjdo kyj{wa wa`l wao ljl$_X]X{jyeoyx gnxhuxxog nlK@J$08$0=1,90 Nl koloy`b" FOH@ iolofnwx fjy _X]X `llunw`lwx hjd}`yog djyo f`vjyìb~ wj FOYX wa`l gng FOH@ iolofnwxfjy jwaoy fogoy`b {jyeoyx wa`w {o `l`b~sog nl K@J$08$0=1, X}ohnfnh`bb~" nl wa`w yo}jyw {o fjulg wa`w nl 9=0=wao dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko {`x ìjuw 89 }oyholw kyo`woy wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko,
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6/25


nlcuyog, [`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox h`l io w`ykowog i~ }jbnh~$dèoyx5 aj{ovoy" waoyo nx lj hjlxolxuxjl {a`w {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo }jbnhnox xajubg w`ykow,99

FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox yohonvo gnffoyolw yownyodolw iolofnwx wa`l waony yownyog hjulwoy}`ywx, X}ohnfnh`bb~"ulgoy FOYX" fogoy`b yownyoox a`vo ` iolofnw }`he`ko hjd}ynxog jf wayoo hjd}jlolwx3 wao FOYX`llunw~" {anha nx i`xog jl ~o`yx jf xoyvnho5 wao WX]" {anha nx xndnb`y wj ` 7=0!e.5 `lg Xjhn`bXohuynw~ iolofnwx,

98

FOH@ iolofnwx gj ljw ha`lko `w yownyodolw `ko `lg iolofnhn`ynox h`lljwyohonvo ` FOYX `llunw~ `lg FOH@ iolofnwx xndubw`lojuxb~, Nl `ggnwnjl" FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox h`lljw

hjlwyniuwo wj waony WX] `hhjulwx }jxw$nlcuy~" iuw wao~ h`l yohonvo iolofnwx `hhyuog fyjdhjlwyniuwnjlx d`go wj waony WX] `hhjulwx }ynjy wj ionlk nlcuyog, Nl `ggnwnjl" Xjhn`b Xohuynw~ iolofnwx`wwyniuwìbo wj fogoy`b xoyvnho `yo jffxow i~ FOH@,

Hjd}olx`wnlk _X]X FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox `w wao Xnlkbo Y`wo jf ;= ]oyholw [jubg Yoguho[`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wox Jvoy`bb `lg @hyjxx D`l~ Xuikyju}x

Hjd}olx`wnlk _X]X FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox `w ;= ]oyholw jf [`kox [jubg Gohyo`xo wao Dogn`l[`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wo `lg Nlhyo`xo Gnffoyolhox nl Waoxo Y`wox iow{ool Iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg{nwajuw Go}olgolwx

@hhjygnlk wj juy xndub`wnjl" hjd}olx`wnlk `bb wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `w wao yovnxog y`wojf ;= }oyholw jf {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ yoxubwog nl `l jvoy`bb yoguhwnjl nl wao dogn`l {`ko

yo}b`hodolw y`wowao }oyholw`ko jf w eo$ajdo }`~ yo}b`hog i~ FOH@, @x xaj{l nl fnkuyo0"ulgoy wao huyyolw }yjky`d" FOH@ yo}b`hog 11 }oyholw jf 9=0= wèo$ajdo }`~ `lg" ulgoy waoyovnxnjl" FOH@ yo}b`hog 17 }oyholw nl juy xndub`wnjl,

Dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox fjy _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {oyo koloy`bb~ ankaoy wa`l wajxo jfljl$_X]X iolofnhn`ynox gnxhuxxog nl K@J$08$0=1, Nl ijwa h`xox" wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw y wox`hhjulw fjy dnxxog nlhjdo kyj{wa" `x wao~ `yo xndub`wog i`xog jl 9=0= wèo$ajdo }`~, @bb obxoopu`b" FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {aj {jubg a`vo oq}oynolhog djyo nlhjdo kyj{wafyjd wao wndo jfnlcuy~ wayjuka 9=0=a`g bj{oy {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`l gng wajxo iolofnhn`ynox {aj {jubga`vo oq}oynolhog boxx nlhjdo kyj{wa ìxolw waony nlcuy~, Nl koloy`b" _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynoxdnxxog boxx nlhjdo kyj{wa guo wj waony nlcuy~ wa`l gng ljl$_X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox,Hjlxopuolwn`bb~" _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox a`g ankaoy {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`l ljl$_X]XFOH@ iolofnhn`ynox, Fjy oq`d}bo" 7 juw jf ? _X]X iolofnhn`ynox nl juy x`d}bo {jubg a`vo a`g boxxwa`l 0= }oyholw nlhjdo kyj{wa a`g wao~ lovoy iool nlcuyog, Nl hjlwy`xw" 9 juw jf ? ljl$_X]XFOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {jubg a`vo a`g boxx wa`l 0= }oyholw nlhjdo kyj{wa" ìxolw `l nlcuy~,

99 A, @bb`l Aulw" ognwjy"@gopu`h~ jf O`ylnlkx Yo}b`hodolw nl [jyeoyx Hjd}olx`wnjl ]yjky`dx" ` Yo}jyw jfwao Xwug~ ]`lob jl Iolofnw @gopu`h~ jf wao L@XN [jyeoyx Hjd}olx`wnjl Xwooynlk Hjddnwwoo ![`xanlkwjl"G,H,3 9==7.,98 FOYX" {anha koloy`bb~ hjvoyx od}bj~oox fnyxw anyog nl 0>17 jy b`woy" yo}b`hog wao Hnvnb Xoyvnho YownyodolwX~xwod !HXYX., @hhjygnlk wj J]D ìjuw 1= }oyholw jf fogoy`b `llunw`lwx wa`w {oyo jl wao J]Dx yjbb nl9=00 {oyo HXYX `llunw`lwx, @djlk wajxo HXYX `llunw`lwx" wao `voy`ko ~o`yx jf fogoy`b xoyvnho {`x`bdjxw 8= ~o`yx,


7/25

]`ko ; K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Fnkuyo 03 9=0= _X]X [`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wox ulgoy FOH@ `lg Bìjyx ]yj}jxog Yovnxnjl`

Ljwo3

`[`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox `yo h`bhub`wog i`xog jl 9=0= wèo$ajdo }`~ `lg `hhjulw fjy dnxxog nlhjdo kyj{wa,

[o `bxj hjlxngoyog wao offohw jf wao }yj}jx`b jl iolofnhn`ynox {nwa obnknibo go}olgolwx nlhjd}`ynxjl wj wajxo {nwajuw" `x wao }yj}jx`b opu`bnsox waony hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox, @x xaj{l nlfnkuyo 9" huyyolw FOH@" {anha hjd}olx`wox iolofnhn`ynox {nwa ` go}olgolw `w ` ankaoy y`wo wa`lwajxo {nwajuw ` go}olgolw !;? voyxux 66$9*8 }oyholw." yo}b`hox 1> `lg 16 }oyholw jf wèo$ajdo}`~ fjy iolofnhn`ynox {nwa jy {nwajuw ` go}olgolw" yox}ohwnvob~, Wanx 8 }oyholw`ko }jnlw gnffoyolho nldogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox nx boxx wa`l wao gnffoyolho nl huyyolw hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox nl }`yw

iohùxo FOH@ iolofnwx `yo ljw w`qog" {aoyo`x {`kox `yo, Waux" ` {jyeoy {nwa go}olgolwx {jubga`vo djyo w`q goguhwnjlx `lg kyo`woy wèo$ajdo }`~wao ùkdolwog FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl`hhjulwx fjy wanx gnffoyolho wj xjdo oqwolw,

Opu`bnsnlk FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox gjox ljw `hhjulw fjy waoxo w`q$yob`wog gnffoyolhox nl wèo$ajdo }`~, Opu`bnsnlk FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox `w ;= }oyholw yok`ygboxx jf obnknibo go}olgolwxnlhyo`xog wao d`klnwugo `lg yovoyxog wao gnyohwnjl jf wao gnffoyolho nl dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolwy`wox iow{ool iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg {nwajuw obnknibo go}olgolwx, @x xaj{l nl fnkuyo 9" Bìjyx}yj}jx`b djyo wa`l gjuibog wao gnffoyolho nl dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`woxwj 1 }oyholw`ko}jnlwxiow{ool iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg {nwajuw `l obnknibo go}olgolw, Wao dogn`l {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox ulgoy Bìjyx }yj}jx`b {oyo 18 `lg >= }oyholw" yox}ohwnvob~,97

97 Iohùxo `hwu`b {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox fjy iolofnhn`ynox {nwa ` go}olgolw d`~ io bj{oy wa`l xndub`wogguo wj juy `xxud}wnjl jf ` xnlkbo go}olgolw" wao gnffoyolho nl dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox iow{oolwajxo {nwa `lg {nwajuw ` go}olgolw d`~ io xd`bboy ulgoy FOH@ `lg b`ykoy ulgoy wao }yj}jxog yovnxnjl,


8/25


Fnkuyo 93 9=0= Dogn`l [`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wox fjy _X]X Iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg {nwajuw `Go}olgolw`

Ljwo3


Dnxxog Nlhjdo Kyj{wa `lg Bj{oy Nlhjdo `w wao Wndo jf Nlcuy~ [oyo @xxjhn`wog {nwa Bj{oy [`koYo}b`hodolw Y`wox ulgoy FOH@ `lg wao ]yj}jxog Yovnxnjl

[o oq`dnlog wao offohwx jf wanx }yj}jx`b jl v`ynjux xuikyju}x `lg fjulg wa`w hjd}olx`wnlk `bbiolofnhn`ynox `w ;= }oyholw jf {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ koloy`bb~ yoguhog dogn`l {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox, [o fjulg lj yoguhwnjlx nl `l~ jlo xuikyju} wa`w {oyo gnx}yj}jywnjl`wo wj waojvoy`bb yovnxnjl, [o gng xoo v`yn`wnjl nl wao }yj}jywnjl jf wèo$ajdo }`~ yo}b`hog i~ FOH@ !`lg wao}yj}jxog yovnxnjl. {nwanl xuikyju}x,

Iolofnhn`ynox {aj dnxxog xuixw`lwn`b nlhjdo kyj{wa iohùxo jf waony nlcuy~ a`g bj{oy dogn`l {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox wa`l wajxo {aj dnxxog yob`wnvob~ bnwwbo h`yooy `lg nlhjdo kyj{wa, X}ohnfnh`bb~"ulgoy FOH@" wao dogn`l {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo {`x 66 }oyholw fjy iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo nlhjdo

{jubg a`vo nlhyo`xog i~ 7= wj 7> }oyholw ìxolw `l nlcuy~, Nl hjlwy`xw" wao dogn`l {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wo {`x 11 }oyholw fjy wajxo iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo nlhjdo {jubg a`vo nlhyo`xogiow{ool = `lg > }oyholw, Waoxo gnffoyolhox {oyo `bxj }yoxolw ulgoy yovnxog FOH@ !xoo fnk, 8., @xiolofnhn`ynox dnxxog juw jl djyo nlhjdo kyj{wa" FOH@ yo}b`hog ` xd`bboy }yj}jywnjl jf waony 9=0=wèo$ajdo }`~ iohùxo wao FOH@ hjxw$jf$bnvnlk `gcuxwdolwx gj ljw eoo} }`ho {nwa dnxxog x`b`y~nlhyo`xox `lg }yjdjwnjlx, Aj{ovoy" FOH@ {`x ljw goxnklog wj `hhjulw fjy xuha nlhyo`xox,


9/25

]`ko > K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Fnkuyo 83 9=0= _X]X Dogn`l [`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wox i~ Dnxxog Nlhjdo Kyj{wa`"i

Ljwo3


iNlwoyv`bx gj ljw nlhbugo u}}oy olg}jnlwx,

Nl `ggnwnjl" a`vnlk bj{oy {`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ {`x `bxj `xxjhn`wog {nwa bj{oy {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox ulgoy FOH@ `lg yovnxog FOH@, @x xaj{l nl fnkuyo 7" wao dogn`l FOH@ {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wo fjy iolofnhn`ynox {nwa bj{ nlhjdo `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ {`x 09 }oyholw`ko }jnlwxboxx wa`l wa`w jf iolofnhn`ynox {nwa yob`wnvob~ anka nlhjdo, Wao d`klnwugo jf wao gnffoyolho {`xxndnb`y ulgoy yovnxog FOH@,


10/25

]`ko 0= K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Fnkuyo 73 9=0= _X]X Dogn`l [`ko Yo}b`hodolw Y`wox i~ Nlhjdo Kyju}nlk `w Wndo jf Nlcuy~

Ljwo3


ô`yx jf Xoyvnho ]b`~ ` Eo~ Yjbo nl wao Hjd}`ynxjl iow{ool FOH@ `lg FOYX Iolofnwx

Bìjyx ]yj}jx`b [jubg Yjukab~ Opu`bnso FOH@ `lg FOYX Iolofnw ]`he`kox fjy 9=0= _X]X@llunw`lwx

@hhjygnlk wj juy yownyodolw xndub`wnjl hjd}`ynlk huyyolw FOH@ iolofnwx wj FOYX iolofnwx" {ofjulg wa`w wao jvoy`bb dogn`l _X]X FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko !FOH@ iolofnwx `lg WX] `llunw~. {`x

8; }oyholw kyo`woy wa`l wao huyyolw dogn`l FOYX yownyodolw iolofnw }`he`ko !FOYX `llunw~" WX]`llunw~" `lg Xjhn`b Xohuynw~." `x xaj{l nl fnkuyo ?,9? Wanx nd}bnox wa`w nl yownyodolw" _X]X FOH@iolofnhn`ynox koloy`bb~ a`g kyo`woy nlhjdo fyjd FOH@ `lg waony WX] nl hjd}`ynxjl wj wao FOYXiolofnwx wao~ {jubg a`vo yohonvog ìxolw `l nlcuy~, Aj{ovoy" iohùxo FOYX a`g jlb~ iool nl}b`ho fjy 96 ~o`yx nl 9=0=" {o `yo ljw h`}wuynlk wao d`wuyo FOYX iolofnw wa`w `l `llunw`lw hjubg`hhyuo {nwa djyo ~o`yx jf xoyvnho, Hjlxopuolwb~" nw nx bneob~ wa`w {o `yo ulgoyxw`wnlk wao }jwolwn`bFOYX iolofnw {aol {o hjlxngoy 9=0= iolofnw bovobx,96

9? Nl juy g`w`xow" wao dogn`l ~o`yx jf xoyvnho {`x 01 ~o`yx fjy wao 9=0= _X]X `llunw`lwx,96 Iohùxo fo{ }oj}bo nl juy g`w`xow a`g djyo wa`l 9? ~o`yx jf fogoy`b xoyvnho `w wao wndo jf yownyodolw" {ogj ljw h`}wuyo wajxo {aj {jubg hajjxo wj {jye 8= jy djyo ~o`yx nl wao fogoy`b kjvoyldolw iofjyo yownynlk,


11/25


Fnkuyo ?3 Hjd}jxnwnjl jf Dogn`l Iolofnwx fjy FOH@" FOYX" `lg Yoguhog FOH@ !_X]X.

Bìjyx }yj}jx`b wj yoguho FOH@ iolofnwx jlho iolofnhn`ynox yo`ha yownyodolw `ko wj ?= }oyholw jf{`kox `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ {jubg yoxubw nl `l jvoy`bb dogn`l fjy wao yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko!yoguhog FOH@ }bux wao WX]. wa`w nx `}}yjqnd`wob~ opu`b wj wao dogn`l 9=0= FOYX iolofnw}`he`ko fjy _X]X `llunw`lwx, Wanx nd}bnox wa`w ulgoy wao }yj}jxog yoguhwnjl" _X]X FOH@iolofnhn`ynox {jubg a`vo xndnb`y nlhjdo fyjd waony FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko nl hjd}`ynxjl wj waony

fjyokjlo FOYX iolofnw, @k`nl" waoxo yoxubwx yofbohw huyyolw FOYX `lg gj ljw h`}wuyo ` d`wuyoFOYX iolofnw,

Nlhyo`xog ô`yx jf Xoyvnho [oyo @xxjhn`wog {nwa Nlhyo`xog FOYX Iolofnwx Yob`wnvo wj FOH@Iolofnwx fjy 9=0= _X]X @llunw`lwx

@bwajuka wao jvoy`bb dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw {`x xuixw`lwn`bb~ ankaoy wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX iolofnwfjy 9=0= _X]X `llunw`lwx" wao gnffoyolho iow{ool wao w{j v`ynox i`xog jl ~o`yx jf xoyvnho,Dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw }`he`kox {oyo hjlxnxwolwb~ kyo`woy wa`l dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`kox`hyjxx v`y~nlk ~o`yx jf xoyvnho5 aj{ovoy" wao k`} iow{ool wao w{j iolofnwx l`yyj{og `x ~o`yx jfxoyvnho nlhyo`xog !xoo fnk, 6., Wanx jhhuyyog nl b`yko }`yw iohùxo FOYX iolofnwx nlhyo`xoxuixw`lwn`bb~ {nwa `ggnwnjl`b ~o`yx jf xoyvnho, Fjy oq`d}bo" iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo wjw`b fogoy`b h`yooy

{jubg a`vo x}`llog boxx wa`l 0= ~o`yx a`g ` dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw wa`w {`x ìjuw 6? }oyholwkyo`woy wa`l wao hjyyox}jlgnlk FOYX iolofnw, Nl hjlwy`xw" iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo wjw`b fogoy`b h`yooy{jubg a`vo x}`llog iow{ool 9= `lg 97 ~o`yx a`g ` dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw wa`w {`x 98 }oyholwkyo`woy wa`l wao hjyyox}jlgnlk FOYX iolofnw, Nw nx {jywa ljwnlk wa`w waoxo yoxubwx gj ljw h`}wuyo `d`wuyo FOYX iolofnw `lg xukkoxw wa`w nl wao fuwuyo" wao jvoy`bb gnffoyolho iow{ool FOH@ `lgFOYX iolofnw }`he`kox {jubg io boxx wa`l yofbohwog nl juy `l`b~xnx" {aol nlgnvngu`bx a`vo waoj}}jywulnw~ wj {jye ` fubb 8=$~o`y h`yooy,


12/25


Fnkuyo 63 Dogn`l FOH@ `lg FOYX Iolofnw ]`he`kox i~ ô`yx jf Xoyvnho nl 9=0= !_X]X.

Nl `ggnwnjl" yoguhog FOH@ iolofnwx {oyo xndnb`y jy boxx wa`l FOYX iolofnwx `hyjxx v`y~nlk ~o`yx jfxoyvnho,9; Aj{ovoy" `x ~o`yx jf xoyvnho nlhyo`xo" wao k`} iow{ool wao w{j iolofnwx {ngolog, Fjyoq`d}bo" iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo wjw`b fogoy`b h`yooy {jubg a`vo x}`llog boxx wa`l 0= ~o`yx a`g `

dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw wa`w {`x ìjuw 08 }oyholw kyo`woy wa`l wao hjyyox}jlgnlk FOYXiolofnw, Nl hjlwy`xw" iolofnhn`ynox {ajxo wjw`b fogoy`b h`yooy {jubg a`vo x}`llog 9? wj 9> ~o`yxa`g ` dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw wa`w {`x 9= }oyholw boxx wa`l wao hjyyox}jlgnlk FOYXiolofnw,91

Dogn`l Yoguhog FOH@ Iolofnw ]`he`kox [jubg Bneob~ Io Boxx Wa`l Dogn`l FOYX Iolofnw]`he`kox fjy _X]X @llunw`lwx {nwa 8=$ô`y H`yooyx

Nl juy xndub`wnjl jf ` d`wuyo FOYX hju}bog {nwa wao `xxud}wnjl wa`w nlgnvngu`bx a`vo 8=$~o`y_X]X h`yooyx" {o fjulg wa`w wao dogn`l huyyolw FOH@ iolofnw }`he`kox {oyo onwaoy kyo`woy wa`ljy jl }`y {nwa dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`koxgo}olgnlk jl wao `djulw `l nlgnvngu`b hjlwyniuwoxwj{`yg waony WX] `hhjulw fjy yownyodolw, @x xaj{l nl fnkuyo ;" ulgoy wao gofùbw xhol`ynj {aoyowaoyo nx lj od}bj~oo hjlwyniuwnjl `lg _X]X hjlwyniuwox 0 }oyholw wj WX]" wao dogn`l FOH@iolofnw }`he`ko nx ìjuw 08 }oyholw kyo`woy wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko fjy _X]X`llunw`lwx, Aj{ovoy" ulgoy ` xhol`ynj {aoyo o`ha od}bj~oo hjlwyniuwox ? }oyholw`lg yohonvox

9; Nl jwaoy {jygx" ulgoy wao }yj}jxog yoguhog FOH@" iolofnhn`ynox {jubg a`vo xndnb`y jy boxx nlhjdo nlyownyodolw wa`l wao~ {jubg a`vo a`g ìxolw `l nlcuy~,91 @k`nl" waoxo yoxubwx gj ljw h`}wuyo ` d`wuyo FOYX iolofnw `lg xood wj xukkoxw wa`w wao dogn`l yoguhogFOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko {jubg io boxx wa`l wao dogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko nl wao fuwuyo,


13/25


` ? }oyholw `kolh~ d`whawao dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko nx ìjuw 7 }oyholw boxx wa`l waodogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko fjy _X]X `llunw`lwx,

Fnkuyo ;3 Dogn`l FOH@ `lg FOYX Iolofnw ]`he`kox i~ ô`yx jf Xoyvnho !_X]X.

Juy xndub`wnjl `bxj fjulg wa`w wao dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko {`x boxx wa`l waodogn`l FOYX iolofnw }`he`koyok`ygboxx jf wao xndub`wog hjlwyniuwnjlx wj WX] `hhjulwx,9>

Hjlhbugnlk Jixoyv`wnjlx

X}ohnfnh`bb~" ulgoy ` xhol`ynj {aoyo waoyo nx lj od}bj~oo hjlwyniuwnjl`lg ` 0 }oyholw _X]Xhjlwyniuwnjlwao dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko nx ìjuw 99 }oyholw boxx wa`l wao dogn`lFOYX iolofnw }`he`ko fjy _X]X `llunw`lwx, _lgoy ` xhol`ynj {aoyo o`ha od}bj~oo hjlwyniuwox ?}oyholw`lg yohonvox ` ? }oyholw `kolh~ d`whawao dogn`l yoguhog FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko nxìjuw 9> }oyholw boxx wa`l wao FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko fjy _X]X `llunw`lwx,

FOH@ hjlwnluox wj }b`~ ` vnw`b yjbo nl }yjvngnlk hjd}olx`wnjl wj fogoy`b od}bj~oox" nlhbugnlk_X]X od}bj~oox" {aj `yo ulìbo wj {jye iohùxo jf nlcuynox xuxw`nlog {anbo }oyfjydnlk waony

9> [anbo juy xndub`wnjl `xxudox 8= ~o`yx jf fogoy`b xoyvnho `lg h`}wuyox wao offohwx jf ionlk nlcuyog `w xjdo}jnlw {nwanl ` 8=$~o`y fogoy`b h`yooy" nw gjox ljw yofbohw wao `hwu`b fogoy`b {jyefjyho" {aoyo h`yooyx d`~ ljwx}`l 8= ~o`yx, Wj wao oqwolw wa`w fogoy`b {jyeoyx {jye boxx wa`l 8= ~o`yx" {o jvoyoxwnd`wo wao FOYX iolofnw}`he`ko, Wj wao oqwolw wa`w wao~ {jye djyo wa`l 8= ~o`yx" {o ulgoyoxwnd`wo wao FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko, Jli`b`lho" {nwa xjdo {jyenlk djyo `lg xjdo {jyenlk boxx" nw nx ulhoyw`nl {aowaoy juy yoxubwx ulgoyoxwnd`wo jyjvoy oxwnd`wo wao `hwu`b juwhjdo,


14/25


fogoy`b guwnox, @bwajuka waoyo `yo puoxwnjlx ìjuw wao bovob jf FOH@ iolofnwx" yoguhnlk wajxoiolofnwx hjubg a`vo nd}bnh`wnjlx fjy wao `gopu`h~ jf iolofnwx" ijwa guynlk ` iolofnhn`y~x fjyokjlo{jyenlk ~o`yx `lg `fwoy wao iolofnhn`y~ yo`haox yownyodolw `ko,8=

Opu`bnsnlk FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl y`wox iow{ool wajxo {nwa `lg {nwajuw obnknibo go}olgolwx hjubgyoguho iolofnwx fjy xjdo iolofnhn`ynox5 aj{ovoy" gjnlk xj yoxubwx nl gnx}`ynw~ nl wao gokyoo wj {anhaiolofnhn`ynox {nwa go}olgolwx h`l d`nlw`nl waony xw`lg`yg jf bnvnlk yob`wnvo wj wajxo {nwajuw `lobnknibo go}olgolw, Wanx gnx}`ynw~ nx `wwyniuwìbo wj gnffoyolhox nl w`q goguhwnjlx fjy go}olgolwx `lg

{jubg io hjd}julgog jvoy wndo fjy ijwa _X]X `lg jwaoy FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox, @l `bwoyl`wnvo`}}yj`ha dnkaw io `l `hyjxx$wao$ij`yg yoguhwnjl nl FOH@ hjd}olx`wnjl" {anha hjubg eoo}yo}b`hodolw y`wox yob`wnvob~ opu`b iow{ool iolofnhn`ynox {nwa `lg {nwajuw go}olgolwx, ôw wanx w~}ojf `}}yj`ha hjubg `gvoyxob~ `ffohw wao `gopu`h~ jf iolofnwx fjy wajxo {nwa yob`wnvob~ bj{ {`koyo}b`hodolw y`wox" xuha `x iolofnhn`ynox {aj dnxxog xuixw`lwn`b h`yooy kyj{wa, Aj{ovoy" waoFOH@ iolofnw xwyuhwuyo {`x ljw goxnklog wj wèo dnxxog h`yooy kyj{wa nlwj `hhjulw,

Jlho FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox yo`ha yownyodolw `ko" waony FOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko !FOH@ iolofnw `lgWX] `llunw~. d`~ io kyo`woy wa`l wao huyyolw FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko`lg yoguhnlk FOH@ `wyownyodolw `x Bìjy a`x }yj}jxog {jubg iynlk FOH@ djyo nl bnlo {nwa huyyolw FOYX, Aj{ovoy" `x`l~ ha`lkox wj FOH@ {jubg `ffohw iolofnhn`ynox nl wao fuwuyo" nw nx nd}jyw`lw wj ljwo wa`w `x FOYXd`wuyox jvoy wndo" juy `l`b~xnx xukkoxwx wa`w gnffoyolhox iow{ool wao dogn`l FOH@ iolofnw

}`he`ko `lg wao FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko gndnlnxa, X}ohnfnh`bb~" juy xndub`wnjl xaj{og wa`w waoFOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko d`~ io jl }`y jy boxx wa`l wao FOYX iolofnw }`he`ko" `lg wao yoguhogFOH@ iolofnw }`he`ko {jubg io xuixw`lwn`bb~ boxx wa`l FOYX, @ hbo`yoy }nhwuyo jf aj{ FOH@ `lgFOYX {nbb `hwu`bb~ gnffoy {nbb io }jxxnibo `x FOYX d`wuyox,

Juy `l`b~xox godjlxwy`wog wa`w waoyo `yo }jbnh~ bovoyx wa`w h`l io `gcuxwog nl jygoy wj `hanovoha`lko, Aj{ovoy" hjlxngoy`wnjl loogx wj io knvol wj wao nd}`hw wao ha`lko {nbb a`vo jl wao`gopu`h~ jf iolofnwx `lg wao olxunlk f`nyloxx `hyjxx iolofnhn`ynox" ijwa `w wao wndo jf nlcuy~ `lgjvoy wao bnfowndo jf wao iolofnhn`y~, Yoguhnlk FOH@ iolofnwx hjubg a`vo ` xuixw`lwn`b nd}`hw jvoywndo jl nlgnvngu`bx {aj h`lljw {jye `lg d`~ a`vo bndnwog j}wnjlx wj yo}b`ho nlhjdo nl yox}jlxo wjiolofnw yoguhwnjlx,

[o }yjvngog ` gy`fw jf wanx yo}jyw wj wao Go}`ywdolw jf Bìjy `lg wao _lnwog Xw`wox ]jxw`b Xoyvnho`lg wao~ gng ljw a`vo `l~ hjddolwx,

$ $ $ $ $

[o `yo xolgnlk hj}nox jf wanx yo}jyw wj yobov`lw hjlkyoxxnjl`b hjddnwwoox" wao Xohyow`y~ jf Bìjy"wao ]jxwd`xwoy Koloy`b" `lg jwaoy nlwoyoxwog }`ywnox, Nl `ggnwnjl" wao yo}jyw {nbb io d`go `v`nbìbo`w lj ha`yko jl wao K@J {oi$xnwo `w aww}3**{{{,k`j,kjv,

Nf ~ju jy ~juy xw`ffx a`vo `l~ puoxwnjlx ìjuw wanx yo}jyw" }bo`xo hjlw`hw do `w !9=9. ?09$;90? jyxaoyynbb`Mk`j,kjv, Hjlw`hw }jnlwx fjy juy Jffnhox jf Hjlkyoxxnjl`b Yob`wnjlx `lg ]uibnh @ff`nyx d`~

8= Wao yoxubwx jf juy `l`b~xnx fjy _X]X FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {oyo xndnb`y wj wao yoxubwx fjy ljl$_X]X FOH@iolofnhn`ynox gnxhuxxog nl K@J$08$0=1,
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-108http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-108


15/25

]`ko 0? K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

io fjulg jl wao b`xw }`ko jf wanx yo}jyw, K@J xw`ff {aj d`go eo~ hjlwyniuwnjlx wj wanx yo}jyw `yobnxwog nl olhbjxuyo NN,

@lgyo{ XaoyynbbGnyohwjy" Oguh`wnjl" [jyefjyho" `lg

Nlhjdo Xohuynw~ Nxxuox


16/25


OLHBJX_YO N3 JICOHWNVO" XHJ]O" @LG DOWAJGX

Wj `l`b~so wao offohwx jf ` }yj}jxog yovnxnjl wj wao Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw !FOH@.}yjky`d jl od}bj~oox nl _,X, ]jxw`b Xoyvnho !_X]X." {o `lx{oyog w{j eo~ puoxwnjlx3 !0. {a`w{jubg io wao offohw jf hjd}olx`wnlk wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `w ` xnlkbo y`wo yok`ygboxx jfa`vnlk go}olgolwx" `lg !9. aj{ {jubg wao Fogoy`b Od}bj~oo Yownyodolw X~xwod !FOYX. `lg wjw`bgnxìnbnw~ FOH@ iolofnwx nl yownyodolw hjd}`yo ulgoy wao huyyolw FOH@ iolofnw xwyuhwuyo `lg `}yj}jxog FOH@ yoguhwnjl `w wao wndo jf yownyodolw: Wj `lx{oy waoxo puoxwnjlx" {o uxog dowajgx

lo`yb~ ngolwnh`b wj wajxo nl juy }ynjy yo}jyw" {anha `ggyoxxog wao x`do jicohwnvox fjy ljl$}jxw`bfogoy`b od}bj~oox,80

XOHWNJL 03 G@W@ XJ_YHOX

X}ohnfnh`bb~" fjy wanx yo}jyw" {o hjlguhwog xndub`wnjlx wj hjd}`yo !0. FOH@iolofnwx {nwa `hwu`b wèo$ajdo }`~ jf }jxw`b {jyeoyx nl 9=0= `lg !9. FOH@ iolofnwx {nwa `hwu`bFOYX iolofnwx yohonvog i~ yownyog }jxw`b {jyeoyx nl 9=0=, Wanx olhbjxuyo goxhyniox wao dowajgx{o uxog wj `lx{oy waoxo puoxwnjlx jlb~ wj wao oqwolw wa`w wao~ gnffoy fyjd wajxo nl juy }ynjy`l`b~xnx, Xohwnjl 0 goxhyniox wao eo~ g`w` xjuyhox `lg Xohwnjl 9 ankabnkawx `x}ohwx jf wao `l`b~xnxwa`w gnffoy fyjd juy xndub`wnjlx fjy ljl$}jxw`b od}bj~oox nl K@J$08$0=1,

Wj `lx{oy juy eo~ puoxwnjlx" {o uxog `gdnlnxwy`wnvo g`w` jl wayoo }j}ub`wnjlx3 9=0= }jxw`bod}bj~oox" FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox" `lg FOYX `llunw`lwx, Waoxo g`w` h`do fyjd fnvo fogoy`b

`kolhnox3 wao Go}`ywdolw jf Bìjy !Bìjy." _X]X" wao Jffnho jf ]oyxjllob D`l`kodolw !J]D."wao Fogoy`b Yownyodolw Waynfw Nlvoxwdolw Ij`yg !FYWNI." `lg wao Xjhn`b Xohuynw~ @gdnlnxwy`wnjl!XX@., Wìbo 0 }yjvngox `l jvoyvno{ jf o`ha jf waoxo g`w` fnbox, Wanx xohwnjl }yjvngox `goxhyn}wnjl jf wao _X]X g`w`,89

Wìbo 03 G`w` Xjuyhox _xog nl @l`b~xnx

G`w` fnbo Fogoy`b`kolh~

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!nFOHX.

Bìjy FOH@iolofnhn`ynox

Iolofnwx `lgha`y`hwoynxwnhx

9=0= 0 & 9

Aud`l H`}nw`bOlwoy}ynxo X~xwod

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Xjuyho3 K@J,

80Fjy gow`nbx jl wao dowajgx uxog nl wao }ynjy yo}jyw" xoo K@J" Fogoy`b Od}bj~oox Hjd}olx`wnjl @hw3 @l`b~xnx jf

]yj}jxog ]yjky`d Ha`lkox" K@J$08$0=1![`xanlkwjl" G,H,3 Jhwjioy 9=09." } ?8$;7,89

Wao jwaoy fjuy g`w`xowx `yo goxhyniog nl gow`nb nl K@J$08$0=1,
http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-108http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-108


17/25

]`ko 0; K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Ljwo30Wanx `l`b~xnx {nbb jlb~ hjvoy wjw`b gnxìnbnw~ iolofnhn`ynox, B`he jf g`w` }yovolwx ` xndnb`y `l`b~xnx jf wajxo

iolofnhn`ynox {nwa xjdo {`ko o`ylnlk h`}`hnw~,

Aud`l H`}nw`b Olwoy}ynxo X~xwod

Wj jiw`nl nlfjyd`wnjl jl wao x`b`ynox `lg {jye anxwjynox jf fjydoy `lg huyyolw }jxw`b od}bj~oox" {ouxog g`w` fyjd wao _X]X Aud`l H`}nw`b Olwoy}ynxo X~xwod fyjd 0>>? wj 9=0=, Wao g`w` }ynjy wj0>>? {oyo ljw xuffnhnolwb~ yobnìbo fjy wao }uy}jxox jf juy yo}jyw, [o jiw`nlog wao fjbbj{nlknlfjyd`wnjl jl }jxw`b od}bj~oox fyjd wanx g`wì`xo3 g`wo jf inywa" xw`wo jf yoxngolho" yownyodolw

x~xwod !FOYX vx, HXYX." jhhu}`wnjl hjgo" x}obbx jf od}bj~dolw" {`ko anxwjy~" `lg g`wox jfxoyvnho,

G`w` yobnìnbnw~

Fjy o`ha jf wao g`w`xowx uxog nl wanx yo}jyw" {o hjlguhwog ` g`w` yobnìnbnw~ `xxoxxdolw jf xobohwogv`ynìbox i~ hjlguhwnlk obohwyjlnh g`w` woxwx fjy hjd}bowoloxx `lg `hhuy`h~" yovno{nlkgjhudolw`wnjl jl wao g`w`xow" `lg nlwoyvno{nlk elj{bogkoìbo jffnhn`bx ìjuw aj{ wao g`w` {oyohjbbohwog `lg d`nlw`nlog `lg waony `}}yj}yn`wo uxox, [o gowoydnlog wa`w wao v`ynìbox wa`w {ouxog fyjd wao g`w` {o yovno{og {oyo yobnìbo fjy wao }uy}jxox jf wanx yo}jyw,

XOHWNJL 93 @L JVOYVNO[ JF EO^ GNFFOYOLHOX NL DOWAJGXWao `l`b~xnx nl wanx yo}jyw b`ykob~ fjbbj{x wao dowajgx {o uxog wj `l`b~so ljl$}jxw`b {jyeoyx `xgoxhyniog nl K@J$08$0=1, Wanx xohwnjl goxhyniox wao eo~ gnffoyolhox iow{ool waoxo w{j xowx jf`l`b~xox,

Xwug~ kyju}

Wao `l`b~xnx nl wanx yo}jyw oq`dnlox }jxw`b {jyeoyx y`waoy wa`l ljl$}jxw`b {jyeoyx,Hjyyox}jlgnlkb~" {o uxog g`w` jl FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox {aj {oyo od}bj~og i~ _X]X `w wao wndo jfwaony nlcuy~" _X]X {jyeoyx nl 9=0=" `lg _X]X `llunw`lwx hjvoyog ulgoy FOYX, [o yoxwynhwog juy`l`b~xnx wj }jxw`b {jyeoyx {aj {oyo hb`xxnfnog `x fubb$wndo h`yooy od}bj~oox fjy `w bo`xw > juw jf wao0? ~o`yx {o `l`b~sog,88

Hjd}uw`wnjl jf wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wo `lg iolofnw y`wnj

[o uxog wao x`do dowajgx wj hjd}uwo {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox `x nl wao }ynjy yo}jyw" {nwa jlooqho}wnjl,87 Nl juy hjd}uw`wnjl jf wèo$ajdo }`~" {o uxog wao od}bj~oox i`xnh }`~ y`wo y`waoywa`l wao `gcuxwog }`~ y`wo, _lbneo wao Holwy`b ]oyxjllob G`w` Fnbo" fyjd {anha {o jiw`nlog {`konlfjyd`wnjl jl ljl$}jxw`b fogoy`b od}bj~oox fjy juy }ynjy yo}jyw" wao }jxw`b g`w` gng ljw a`vonlfjyd`wnjl jl `gcuxwog }`~ iohùxo" {nwa jlb~ ` fo{ oqho}wnjlx" }jxw`b od}bj~oox gj ljw yohonvobjh`bnw~ }`~, Nl `ggnwnjl" d`l~ _X]X od}bj~oox {jyeog }`yw$wndo fjy `w bo`xw 0 ~o`y fjy {anha {oa`g g`w`, Wj `hhjulw fjy ~o`yx jf }`yw$wndo od}bj~dolw" {o fjbbj{og kung`lho fyjd _X]X wjhjlvoyw ajuyb~ {`kox wj `llu`b nlhjdo bovobx,8?

88I~ gjnlk xj" {o yoguhog wao ludioy jf od}bj~oox fjy {ajd {o a`g wj `llu`bnso }`yw$wndo o`ylnlkx g`w` `x goxhyniogiobj{,

Wanx olxuyog wa`w wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw y`wox

87@x nl wao }ynjy yo}jyw" {o goguhwog }`~yjbb" fogoy`b" `lg xw`wo w`qox uxnlk wao `xxud}wnjl wa`w waoyo {`x lj x}jux`b

nlhjdo5 wao go}olgolw" {aol }yoxolw" {`x ` x}juxo5 `lg wao x}juxo {`x jvoy wao `ko jf 6? nf wao {jyeoy {`x jvoy wao`ko jf 6?, [o gng ljw `hhjulw fjy jwaoy gnxhyownjl`y~ goguhwnjlx xuha `x fjy ao`bwa `lg bnfo nlxuy`lho }`~dolwx jy WX]hjlwyniuwnjlx, Wj gowoydnlo fogoy`b `lg xw`wo nlhjdo w`qox" {o uxog wao L`wnjl`b Iuyoù jf Ohjljdnh Yoxo`yhax!LIOY. W@QXND, W@QXND nx LIOYx FJYWY@L }yjky`d fjy h`bhub`wnlk bnìnbnwnox ulgoy _,X, fogoy`b `lg xw`wo nlhjdow`q b`{x fyjd nlgnvngu`b g`w`, Wao W@QXND Djgob !aww}3**{{{,lioy,jyk*w`qxnd. xndub`wox wao _,X, fogoy`b `lg xw`wonlhjdo w`q yubox,8?

X}ohnfnh`bb~" wj dèo wanx hjlvoyxnjl" {o dubwn}bnog wao ajuyb~ {`ko i~ 9"=1= ajuyx nl ` {jye$~o`y,


18/25


{oyo i`xog jl fubb$wndo od}bj~dolw, @llu`bnsnlk }`yw$wndo {`kox {`x lohoxx`y~ guo wj ` b`he jfg`w` jl ajuyx `lg ~o`yb~ o`ylnlkx,

@llu`bnsnlk wao ajuyb~ {`kox jf }`yw$wndo od}bj~oox bneob~ jvoyoxwnd`wog wao nlhjdo uxog wjxndub`wo FOH@ iolofnwx, Wanx nx iohùxo }`yw$wndo od}bj~oox dnkaw ljw a`vo {jyeog wao fubb$wndoopunv`bolw xhaogubo wa`w `llu`bns`wnjl `xxudox, Hjlxopuolwb~" juy oxwnd`wog y`wnjx jf FOH@iolofnwx wj wèo$ajdo }`~ `lg ndd`wuyo FOYX iolofnwx `yo xjdo{a`w jvoy$oxwnd`wog fjy }`yw$wndo{jyeoyx, Wanx bndnw`wnjl gjox ljw `ffohw juy y`wnjx jf FOH@ iolofnwx wj d`wuyo FOYX iolofnwx"

aj{ovoy" iohùxo juy xndub`wnjl jf wao d`wuyo yownyodolw x~xwod `xxudox wa`w `bb od}bj~oox {jyefubb$wndo fjy 8= ~o`yx,

Dowajgx fjy xobohwnlk d`whaog `l`b~xnx x`d}box

[o uxog wao x`do dubwnv`yn`wo d`whanlk wohalnpuo uxog nl wao }ynjy yo}jyw wj xobohw x`d}box jf9=0= }jxw`b od}bj~oox `lg FOYX `llunw`lwx {aj {oyo xndnb`y wj FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox" {nwa xovoy`boqho}wnjlx,

Wao ha`y`hwoynxwnhx {o uxog wj xobohw wao x`d}box gnffoyog xbnkawb~ fyjd wajxo uxog nl wao }ynjyyo}jyw, X}ohnfnh`bb~" {o hjubg ljw uxo nlfjyd`wnjl jl wao od}bj~oox oguh`wnjl bovob iohùxo wao}jxw`b g`w` gng ljw nlhbugo wanx nlfjyd`wnjl, Nl `ggnwnjl" {o gng ljw uxo wao od}bj~oox `kolh~ nl juy

d`whanlk }yjhoxx" iohùxo `bb jf wao od}bj~oox a`g {jyeog fjy wao }jxw`b xoyvnho, Fnl`bb~" wao}jxw`b g`w` gng ljw nlhbugo wao J]D gofnlnwnjl jf ibuo$hjbb`y `lg {anwo$hjbb`y jhhu}`wnjlx" {anha{o uxog nl wao }ynjy yo}jyw, Wj hyo`wo waoxo h`wokjynox" {o fjbbj{og wao kung`lho }yjvngog wj ux i~_X]X,

[o xobohwog wao d`whaog x`d}bo jf 9=0= }jxw`b od}bj~oox fjy wao {`ko yo}b`hodolw `l`b~xnxuxnlk `l 1= }oyholw xnd}bo y`lgjd x`d}bo, Wao }ynjy yo}jyw uxog ` 0= }oyholw x`d}bo" guo wj waob`ykoy }j}ub`wnjl jf ljl$}jxw`b od}bj~oox,

B`xwb~" {o xobohwog wao hbjxoxw w{j FOYX `llunw`lwx fjy o`ha FOH@ yohn}nolw, Wao 930 d`whanlky`wnj olxuyog wa`w wao x`d}bo xnsox fjy h`bhub`wnlk iolofnw y`wnjx fjy }jxw`b `lg ljl$}jxw`b {jyeoyx

{oyo xndnb`y, Wao bjjxoy d`whanlk hynwoynjl gng ljw hùxo wao xndnb`ynw~ jf wao kyju}x wj gohbnlod`woyn`bb~" `x xaj{l iobj{,

Fnkuyo 1 }yoxolwx wao gnxwyniuwnjlx jf waoxo ha`y`hwoynxwnhx fjy wao }jxw`b FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `lg wao9=0= od}bj~oox `fwoy d`whanlk, Wìbo 9 }yjvngox goxhyn}wnvo xw`wnxwnhx fjy `bb ha`y`hwoynxwnhx, Fnkuyo> `lg wìbo 8 }yoxolw opunv`bolw yoxubwx fjy wao }jxw`b FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox `lg wao FOYX `llunw`lwx`fwoy d`whanlk, Wao b`yko ludioy jf 9=0= od}bj~oox `lg FOYX `llunw`lwx `bbj{og ux wj xobohwod}bj~oox {nwa h`yooy anxwjynox wa`w hbjxob~ yoxodibog wajxo jf wao }jxw`b FOH@ iolofnhn`ynoxiofjyo wao~ {oyo nlcuyog,


19/25

]`ko 0> K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Fnkuyo 13 Gnxwyniuwnjlx jf Eo~ Ha`y`hwoynxwnhx jf D`whaog FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox `lg ]jxw`bOd}bj~oox


20/25

]`ko 9= K@J$08$079Y FOH@ Yovnxnjlx `lg ]jxw`b [jyeoyx

Wìbo 93 Gnxwyniuwnjlx jf Hjv`yn`wox nl D`whaog X`d}bo jf ]jxw`b Od}bj~oox `lg FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox

D`whaog }jxw`bod}bj~oox FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox

0xw Pu`ywnbo Dogn`l Do`l 8yg Pu`ywnbo 0xw Pu`ywnbo Dogn`l Do`l 8yg Pu`ywnbo

Dnlndud nlhjdo iofjyo nlcuy~!9=0= gjbb`yx. 96;;= 88016 800=8 87;0> 96;;1 88=68 80=>; 87;?6

Dogn`l h`yooy nlhjdo iofjyo

nlcuy~ !9=0= gjbb`yx. 87186 8;;11 8;9>> 7=7;9 871=? 8;199 8;8?> 7=?10D`qndud h`yooy nlhjdoiofjyo nlcuy~ !9=0= gjbb`yx. 8>??; 770?7 781>? 71?69 8>6>9 7701? 770=0 7>90;

Fnyxw ~o`y {jyenlk 0>1; 0>>= 0>>0 0>>? 0>1; 0>>= 0>>0 0>>?

ô`yx jf xoyvnho w nlcuy~ 6,1 00,8 00,; 06,1 ;,9 00,7 00,1 06,1

@ko nl fnyxw ~o`y jf {jye !~o yx. 91,8 87,8 87,; 7=,? 91,; 87,6 8? 7=,1

@ko nl b`xw ~o`y jf {jye !~o`yx. 70,0 76,> 76,? ?0,> 70,8 7;,0 76,> ?9,9

@ko nl 9=0= !~o`yx. 7>,9 ?8,; ?7 ?1,> 7> ?7 ?8,> ?>

Ludioy jf od}bj~dolw x}obbx 0 0 =,> 0 0 0 =,> 0

/ D`bo 7=,8 7=,8

/ _X]X {anwo hjbb`yjhhu}`wnjl 9,7 9,7

/ _X]X ibuo hjbb`y jhhu}`wnjl 6; 6;

/ _X]X wod}jy`y~ * ljl$

h`yooy jhhu}`wnjl 0?,9 0?,9/ Jwaoy * ljw `v`nbìbojhhu}`wnjl 0?,7 0?,7

Xjuyho3 K@J `l`b~xnx jf _X]X `lg Bìjy g`w`,


21/25


Fnkuyo >3 Gnxwyniuwnjlx jf Eo~ Ha`y`hwoynxwnhx jf D`whaog FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox `lg FOYX@llunw`lwx


22/25


Wìbo 83 Gnxwyniuwnjlx jf Hjv`yn`wox nl D`whaog X`d}bo jf FOYX @llunw`lwx `lg FOH@ Iolofnhn`ynox

FOYX `llunw`lwx FOH@ iolofnhn`ynox

0xw Pu`ywnbo Dogn`l Do`l 8yg Pu`ywnbo 0xw Pu`ywnbo Dogn`l Do`l 8yg Pu`ywnbo

Dnlndud nlhjdo iofjyo nlcuy~!9=0= gjbb`yx. 9;60> 8869; 801== 871;> 9;781 88?>9 8067? 87;?6

Dogn`l h`yooy nlhjdo iofjyonlcuy~ !9=0= gjbb`yx. 8?78? 8;110 8;61= 7=;09 8?7=> 8;180 8;6?1 7=;09

D`qndud h`yooy nlhjdo iofjyonlcuy~ !9=0= gjbb`yx. 8>66? 77010 78>?; 7>==? 8>>18 770?7 770=1 7>90>

Fnyxw ~o`y {jyenlk 0>1; 0>>= 0>>0 0>>7 0>1; 0>>= 0>>0 0>>?

ô`yx jf xoyvnho w nlcuy~ ;,7 00,; 09 06,> ;,0 00,6 00,> 0;,0

@ko nl fnyxw ~o`y jf {jye !~o yx. 8;,8 70,; 70,> 7?,6 8;,9 70,? 70,; 7?,0

@ko nl b`xw ~o`y jf {jye !~o`yx. ?=,1 ?8,8 ?7 ?6,> ?=,0 ?8,8 ?8,1 ?;,0

@ko nl 9=0= !~o`yx. ?1,; 60 60,; 68,? ?1 6= 60 68

Ludioy jf od}bj~dolw x}obbx 0 0 0 0 0

/ D`bo 7?,7 7?,0

/ _X]X {anwo hjbb`y jhhu}`wnjl 9,9 9,9

/ _X]X ibuo hjbb`y jhhu}`wnjl 60,6 60,6

/ _X]X wod}jy`y~ * ljl$h`yooy

jhhu}`wnjl 99,0 99,0/ Jwaoy * ljw `v`nbìbojhhu}`wnjl 07 07

Xjuyho3 K@J `l`b~xnx jf _X]X `lg Bìjy g`w`,


23/25


Olhbjxuyo NN3 K@J Hjlw`hwx `lg Xw`ff @helj{bogkdolwx

K@J Hjlw`hwx

@lgyo{ Xaoyynbb `w !9=9. ?09$;90? jyxaoyynbb`Mk`j,kjv,

Xw`ff @helj{bogkdolwxNl `ggnwnjl wj wao hjlw`hw l`dog ìjvo" eo~ hjlwyniuwjyx wj wanx yo}jyw {oyo Dnhaòb C,Hjbbnlx" @xxnxw`lw Gnyohwjy5 Dobnlg` Hjygoyj" L`kb`` Ob$Ajgnyn" Oynl D, Kjgwb`lg" DnhaòbElnxx" Coff Woxxnl" `lg [`bwoy V`lho, Nl `ggnwnjl" C`dox Iolloww" Coxxnh` Ijwxfjyg" Ajbb~G~o" Collnfoy Kyokjy~" Kolo Euoalod`l" E`wa~ Boxbno" Xaonb` DhHj~" Yan`lljl ]`wwoyxjl"`lg C`dox Yoiio hjlwyniuwog wj wao yo}jyw,

!080906.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


24/25

Wanx nx ` {jye jf wao _,X, kjvoyldolw `lg nx ljw xuicohw wj hj}~ynkaw }yjwohwnjl nl wao_lnwog Xw`wox, Wao }uibnxaog }yjguhw d`~ io yo}yjguhog `lg gnxwyniuwog nl nwx olwnyow~{nwajuw fuywaoy }oydnxxnjl fyjd K@J, Aj{ovoy" ioh`uxo wanx {jye d`~ hjlw`nlhj}~ynkawog nd`kox jy jwaoy d`woyn`b" }oydnxxnjl fyjd wao hj}~ynkaw ajbgoy d`~ iolohoxx`y~ nf ~ju {nxa wj yo}yjguho wanx d`woyn`b xo}`y`wob~,


25/25

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gao feca analysis of proposed changes on usps beneficiaries - 2012

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