gaza–israel conflict

8/11/2019 GazaIsrael ConflicT

1/18


2/18

Mujahideen Shura Council

in the Environs of

Jerusalem

Ansar Bait al-Maqdis

Abdullah Azzam Brigades

Supported by:

Hezbollah

Commanders and leaders

B. Netanyahu a

Ehud Olmert b

Ehud Barak c

Gabi Ashkenazi d

Gassan Alian e

Khaled Mashal [2]

Ismail Haniyeh

Said Seyam (KIA)

Mohammed Deif

Abu Z. al-Jamal (KIA)Ahmed Jabari (KIA)

Tawfik Jaber (KIA)[3]

Osama Mazini

Nizar Rayan (KIA)[3]

Mahmoud al-Zahar

Casualties and losses

139 killed[4] ~2,200 killed [4]

aPrime Minister since April 2009.

bPrime Minister 20062009.

cDefense Minister.

dChief of the General Staff.

1 Background

1.1 IsraelGaza barrier

1.2 Second Intifada

1.3 Israel's unilateral

disengagement

1.4 Ascendancy of Hamas

2 Timeline

2.1 2004

2.2 2006

2.3 Fatah-Hamas conflict and

Israeli blockade

2.4 Operation "Hot Winter"

2.5 Six-month ceasefire

2.6 Gaza War

2.7 March 2010 events

2.8 2011 cross-border attack

2.9 Operation "Returning Echo"

2.10 Operation "Pillar of

Defense"

2.11 2013

2.12 2014

3 International response

3.1 Other responses

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

Background

IsraelGaza barrier

The Gaza Strip has been separated from Israel by the IsraelGaza barrier since 1996, which has helped reduce

infiltration into Israel. Since the beginning of the Second Intifada, Gazans are no longer permitted to enter Israel

for work purposes. Special permits to enter Israel for medical purposes have also been greatly reduced, which

has made travel for Palestinians a difficult task.[12]

Daniel Schueftan, in his 1999 book,Disengagement: Israel and the Palestinian Entity[13][14]

("The Need forSeparation: Israel and the Palestinian Authority") reviews new and existing arguments underlying different

separation stances, in order to make the case for separation from the Palestinians, beginning with those in the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Schueftanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Striphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_General_Staff_(Israel)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Minister_of_Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zaharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizar_Rayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_Mazinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfik_Jaberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Jabarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Zakaria_al-Jamalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Seyamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyehhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamas.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gassan_Alian&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabi_Ashkenazihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Olmerthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Azzam_Brigadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_Bait_al-Maqdishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_in_the_Environs_of_Jerusalem


3/18

The Israeli Air Force (IAF) AH-64 Apache

were used as platform for shooting guidedmissiles at Palestinian targets and employed

at the targeted killings policy against both

militants and political leaders.

West Bank and Gaza. Schueftan favors the "hard separation" stances of politicians like Yitzhak Rabin and Ehud

Barak.[14]

Yitzhak Rabin was the first to propose the creation of a physical barrier between the Israeli and Palestinian

populations in 1992, and by 1994, construction on the first barrier the IsraelGaza barrier had begun; it is

actually a wire fence equipped with sensors. Following an attack on Bet Lid, near the city of Netanya, Rabin

specified the objectives behind the undertaking, stating that:

This path must lead to a separation, though not according to the borders prior to 1967. We want

to reach a separation between us and them. We do not want a majority of the Jewish residents of

the state of Israel, 98% of whom live within the borders of sovereign Israel, including a united

Jerusalem, to be subject to terrorism."[15][16]

Second Intifada

The Second Intifada, also known as the al-Aqsa Intifada, began in September 2000. Many Palestinians

consider the Intifada to be a struggle of national liberation against Israeli occupation imposed on them following

the 1967 War, whereas many Israelis consider it to be a terrorist campaign.

Palestinian tactics have ranged from carrying out mass protests and general strikes, as in the First Intifada, to

mounting suicide bombing attacks and firing Qassam rockets into east southern Israeli residential areas. Israeli

tactics range from conducting mass arrests and locking up Palestinians in administrative detention through setting

up checkpoints and building the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier and West Bank barrier to carrying out assassinations

targeting militants and leaders of Palestinian organizations.

Since the Palestinian legislative election, 2006, Israel has been

negotiating with Mahmoud Abbas and the PLO, but has been

simultaneously targeting and bombing Hamas activists andmilitants and arresting Hamas's elected legislative counsel

politicians.

The death toll, both military and civilian, over the entire period in

question (20002007) is estimated to be over 4,300 Palestinians

and over 1,000 Israelis. To date, 64 foreign citizens have also

been killed (54 by Palestinians, and 10 by Israeli security

forces).[17]

Israel's unilateral disengagement

Israel implemented its Disengagement Plan in AugustSeptember

2005, withdrawing its civilian and military presence from the

Gaza Strip, and retaining control over the Gaza airspace,

maritime access and borders even with Egypt according to the 2005 agreement with Palestinian authority.

Qassam rockets were fired regularly prior to the Israeli disengagement and the frequency of Qassam attacks

increased after the Disengagement from Gaza. Palestinian militants have targeted a number of military bases and

civilian towns in Southern Israel.[18]

The Qassam rocket attacks by Hamas against Israel started in the year 2000 in response to the Israeli

occupation in Gaza and West bank and have continued since then. Thirteen Israelis have been killed and

hundreds injured as a result of Qassam rocket fire at Israeli targets. Additionally, Qassam rocket attacks have
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_legislative_election,_2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_detentionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam_rockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bombinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_strikeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-day_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_liberationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netanyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_barrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AH-64_Apachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AH-64Apache004.jpg


4/18

resulted in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both children and adults, with 33% of children living in

Sderot suffering from PTSD.[19][20]

Ascendancy of Hamas

When the Islamic party Hamas won the January 2006 Palestinian legislative election, gaining a majority of seats

in the Palestinian Legislative Council,[6]the conflict between Israel and Gaza intensified. Israel sealed its border

with the Gaza Strip, largely preventing free flow of people and many imports and exports. Palestinians have

been shooting Qassam rockets at Israeli settlements located near the Gaza borders, and have staged cross-

border raids aimed at killing or capturing Israeli soldiers. In one such raid, on 25 June 2006, Palestinians

captured Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, leading to massive retaliation by the Israeli army which included air strikes

against Hamas targets.

In June 2007, internal fighting broke out between Hamas and Fatah and Hamas fully consolidated its power by

staging an armed coup d'tat and taking control of the Gaza Strip. Following the internecine fighting that

occurred between 7 June and 15 June 2007, also known as the Battle of Gaza 2007 in which 118 Palestinians

were killed and over 550 were wounded,

[21]

the entire Gaza Strip came under full control of a Hamasgovernment.

As a response to the Hamas takeover, Israel sharply restricted the flow of people and goods into and out of

Gaza. About 70% of Gaza's workforce have become unemployed or without pay, and about 80% of its

residents live in poverty.[22]

Since Hamas' takeover, Palestinian armed groups in Gaza and Israel continued to clash. Palestinian armed

groups have fired rockets into Israel, killing Israeli civilians, including children, and wounding others, as well as

causing damage to infrastructure; and Israel have launched attacks, and shelled Gaza with artillery, killing

Palestinian combatants, as well as civilians, including children.[23][24][25] and causing devastating damage to

infrastructure.[26]According to Human Rights Watch, the Palestinian deliberate attacks against civilians violate

international humanitarian law. Because Hamas exercises power inside Gaza, it is responsible for stopping

unlawful attacks even when carried out by other groups.[27]

Timeline

2004

The 2004 IsraelGaza conflict refers to the series of battles between Palestinian militants and the Israel Defense

Forces (IDF). Several Qassam rocket attacks on Israel (Sderot and the Negev) led the IDF to retaliate with

airstrikes and land incursions. The fighting included two IDF operations, Operation "Rainbow" and Operation

"Days of Penitence".

Operation "Rainbow" was a military operation from 18 May 2004 to 23 May 2004 in Rafah to clear terrorist

infrastructure, find smuggling tunnels connecting the Gaza Strip to Egypt, and kill militants after the deaths of 13

Israeli soldiers in guerrilla attacks. Israel said the operation was also aimed at preventing a shipment of Strela-2

(SA-7 Grail) anti-aircraft missiles, AT-3 Sagger anti-tank guided missiles, and other long-range rockets which

are stored on the Egyptian side of the border from being smuggled through tunnels into the Gaza Strip.[28]

Operation "Days of Penitence", an IDF operation in the northern Gaza Strip conducted between 30 September

2004 and 15 October 2004, focused on Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahia and Jabalia refugee camp, which were used as

launching sites of Qassam rockets on Sderot and Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip, and in response to the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sderothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Lahiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Hanounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-3_Saggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA-7_Grailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militant_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smuggling_tunnelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_operationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Days_of_Penitence_(2004)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(2004)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sderothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_political_violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilad_Shalithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sderothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder


5/18

death of two children in Sderot. The operation resulted in the deaths of between 104 and 133 Palestinians and 5

people on the Israeli side.

2006

Large-scale conventional warfare beyond the peripheries of the Gaza Strip began when Israel launched

Operation "Summer Rains" in the Gaza Strip that began on 28 June 2006, in response to the Palestinian militants

abduction of Corporal Gilad Shalit. It became the first major mobilization into the Gaza Strip since Israel'sunilateral disengagement plan was implemented between August and September 2005.

The Gaza beach blast was an event on 9 June 2006 in which eight Palestinians were killed including nearly the

entire family of seven-year-old Huda Ghaliya and at least thirty others were injured in an explosion on a beach

near the municipality of Beit Lahia in the Gaza Strip.[29]The incident received considerable attention from news

media worldwide, with blame for the explosion hotly disputed in the following weeks.

Israel maintains that it mobilized thousands of troops in order to suppress Qassam rocket fire against its civilian

population and to secure the release of Gilad Shalit. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 9,000 Israeli artillery

shells were fired into Gaza between September 2005 and June 2006, killing 80 Palestinians in 6 months. [30]Onthe Palestinian side, over 1,300 Qassam rockets have been fired into Israel from September 2000 to 21

December 2006. Israeli forces also continued to search for underground tunnels, used by militants to smuggle

weapons, as well as monitor operations at checkpoints (with some assistance from the European Union at

Rafah) for security reasons, specifically possible weapons transfers and uninhibited return of exiled extremist

leaders and terrorists.[31][32][33][34][35] As of 18 October 2006, Israel has discovered 20 tunnels used for illegal

arms smuggling under the border of the Gaza Strip and Egypt.[36]

Israel had said it would withdraw from the Strip and end the operation as soon as Shalit was released. [37]ThePalestinians had said that they were willing to return Shalit in exchange for the release of some of the Palestinians

held in Israeli jails. The Palestinians and others have also said the assault was aimed at toppling the

democratically elected Hamas-led government and at destabilizing the Palestinian National Authority, citing the

targeting of civilian infrastructure such as a power station and the captures of government and parliament

members. Some 300 Palestinians had been targeted by the IDF in the Gaza Strip since the kidnapping of

Corporal Gilad Shalit.[38]

In July 2006, first reports emerged about mystery injuries after Israeli attacks. Previously unseen injuries

included severely damaged internal organs, severe internal burning and deep internal wounds often resulting in

amputations or death. Bodies arrived severely fragmented, melted and disfigured. There were speculations

about a new experimental weapon, particularly Dense Inert Metal Explosives (DIMEs).[39]

Operation "Autumn Clouds" was launched on 1 November 2006.

The Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident occurred on 8 November 2006 when Israel Defense Forces shells

missed their target and hit a row of houses in the Gaza Strip town of Beit Hanoun,[40]killing 19 Palestinians and

wounding more than 40.[41][42]It occurred the day after the Israeli withdrawal following Operation "Autumn

Clouds", a week-long operation by the Israeli military in the northern Gaza Strip aimed at curbing Qassam

rocket attacks fired by Palestinian militants from the town.[43]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Autumn_Cloudshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Hanounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Hanoun_November_2006_incidenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Autumn_Clouds_(2006)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_Inert_Metal_Explosive#Speculation_of_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Councilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authorityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Border_Assistance_Mission_Rafahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Lahiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_beach_blast_(2006)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_planhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal#Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_warfarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Days_of_Penitence_Fatalities


6/18


7/18

Monthly rocket hits in Israel in

2008, according to Israeli military-

tied Meir Amit Intelligence and

Terrorism Information Center.

than a holocaust."[65]On 3 March Abbas suspended all contact with Israel over its assault on Gaza as the Israeli

government sent warplanes to hit more targets early on Monday and vowed to continue its offensive.[66]The

European Union condemned what it called "disproportionate use of force" by the Israeli military in Gaza after 54

Palestinians were killed in the highest casualty toll for a single day since fighting erupted in 2000.[67]United

Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also issued a condemnation of what he termed Israel's "excessive and

disproportionate" response, and called on Israel "to cease such attacks", while denouncing the ongoing rocket

attacks on Sderot and Ashkelon.[68]

In the Muslim world, demonstrators took to the streets to protest the IDFattacks. Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei called on Muslims to rise up and their leaders to hit

Israel "in the face with their nations' anger." In Lebanon, hundreds of Hezbollah supporters gathered at the

Fatima Gate at the border between Lebanon and Israel, shouting "Death to Israel" and waving Lebanese and

Palestinian flags. In Egypt, thousands of students held protests at universities across the country calling on Arab

leaders to stop Israeli aggression and support the Palestinians. Some protesters burned Israeli and American

flags.[64]About 10,000 protesters, mainly from Jordan's mainstream Muslim Brotherhood and smaller

opposition groups, took to the streets in one of the country's most vocal and largest anti-Israeli demonstrations

in recent years. Saudi Arabia meanwhile compared the IDF offensive to "Nazi war crimes" and called on the

international community to stop what it called the "mass killings" of Palestinians. Turkey's Prime Minister Recep

Tayyip Erdogan said that the IDF attacks can have "no humanitarian justification" and added that Israel was

rejecting a "diplomatic solution" to the dispute.[64]Most Israeli tanks and troops pulled out of northern Gaza 3

March 2008, and an Israel Defense Forces spokesman confirmed that the Israeli military was ending offensive

operations there after five days.[69]

On 29 February 2008, the Israeli military launched Operation "Hot Winter" (also called Operation "Warm

Winter") in response to Qassam rockets fired from the Strip by Hamas. The Israeli army killed 112 Palestinians,

and Palestinian militants killed three Israelis. More than 150 Palestinians and seven Israelis have been injured. [70]

There was widespread international alarm at the scale of the operation, with the US state departmentencouraging Israel to exercise caution to avoid the loss of innocent life, and the European Union and the United

Nations criticising Israel's "disproportionate use of force". The European Union also demanded an immediate

end to Palestinian militant rocket attacks on Israel and urged Israel to halt activities that endanger civilians,

saying they were "in violation of international law."[71]

Six-month ceasefire

The 2008 Israel-Hamas ceasefire was an Egyptian-brokered six-month

Tahdia (an Arabic term for a lull) "for the Gaza area", which went into

effect between Hamas and Israel on 19 June 2008,.[72][73]The ceasefire

did create a six-month long decrease in the Gaza-Israel conflict intensity,

but, according to The New York Times, neither side fully respected its

terms.[74]Some rockets still continued to fire from Gaza and the Israeli

blockade of Gaza was loosened but not completely opened. Hamas

hoped that the accord would lead Israel to suspend attacks on the West

Bank and Gaza while Israel hoped that the accord would lead to

progress on negotiations for the release of Gilad Shalit; neither hope was

met.[74]

Gaza War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilad_Shalithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza-Israel_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahdiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Israel-Hamas_ceasefirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_state_departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam_rockethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khameneihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leaderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sderothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_Ki-moonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rock_mort_gaza_2008.JPG


8/18

Destroyed buildings in Gaza City,

January 2009

The Gaza War[75]started when Israel launched a large military

campaign in the Gaza Strip on 27 December 2008, codenamed

Operation "Cast Lead" (Hebrew: ),[76]with the

stated aim of stopping Hamas rocket attacks on southern Israel and

arms smuggling into Gaza.[77][78]The conflict has also been called the

Gaza massacre in the Arab world (Arabic: ).[79]A fragile

six-month truce between Hamas and Israel expired on 19 December2008.[80]The Israeli operation began with an intense bombardment of

the Gaza Strip,[81]targeting Hamas bases, police training camps, [82]

police headquarters and offices.[83][84]Civilian infrastructure,

including mosques, houses, medical facilities and schools, were also

attacked, as Israel stated that many of them were used by

combatants, and as storage spaces for weapons and rockets.[85]Hamas intensified its rocket and mortar attacks

against targets in Israel throughout the conflict, hitting previously untargeted cities such as Beersheba and

Ashdod.[86][87]On 3 January 2009, the Israeli ground invasion began. [88][89]Human rights groups and aid

organisations have accused Hamas and Israel of war crimes.[90][91][92]An estimated 1,166-1,417 Palestinians

and 13 Israelis died in the conflict.[93][94][95] The conflict came to an end on 18 January after first Israel and then

Hamas announced unilateral ceasefires.[96][97]On 21 January, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza

Strip.[98]On 2 March, it was reported that international donors had pledged $4.5 billion in aid for the

Palestinians, mainly for rebuilding Gaza after Israel's offensive.[99]This war is considered to be the largest,

devastating and deadliest military operation in Gaza since the Six-day war in 1967.[100]

March 2010 events

On 26 March 2010, two Israeli soldiers and two Hamas militants were killed during clashes on the Gaza Strip's

southern border. Two other soldiers were wounded during the fighting which broke out east of the town of

Khan Younis. They are the first Israeli soldiers to have been killed in hostile fire in or around Gaza since Israel's

major offensive there in January 2009, according to the BBC.[101]

2011 cross-border attack

On 18 August 2011, a series of cross-border attacks was carried out in southern Israel near the Egyptian

border, by a squad of militants. The militants first opened fire at civilian bus.[102][103]Several minutes later, abomb was detonated next to an Israeli army patrol along Israel's border with Egypt. In a third attack, an anti-

tank missile hit a private vehicle, killing four civilians.

Operation "Returning Echo"

During the second week of March 2012, Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) initiated Operation "Returning Echo". It

was the worst outbreak of violence covered by the media in the region since the 200809 Operation "Cast

Lead" (the Gaza War).

Operation "Pillar of Defense"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cast_Leadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-day_warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashdodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beershebahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosqueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidents_in_the_Gaza_War#Civilians_and_civilian_infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_War#Decemberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:War_in_Gaza_096_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg


9/18


10/18

Pro-Palestinian demonstration in

Paris, France

havebeen very concerned about the level of intra-Palestinian violence, but also by the Israeli attacks

which I know have caused civilian deaths, considerable numbers."[127]The International condemnation of

Israeli incursion were further augmented with a scathing report prepared by eight British-based rights

organizations, highlighting humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip that has reached its worst point since

Israel captured the territory in 1967. The report indicates more than 1.1 million people, about 80 percent

of Gaza's residents, were dependent on food aid, and hospitals faced power cuts of up to 12 hours a

day,and the water and sewage systems were close to collapse. [128]

United States

After the death of a woman from a rocket attack in Sderot, a representative for the U.S. Government

reaffirmed the position that Israel has the right to self-defense. State Department spokesman Sean

McCormack also stated that his country is aware of the difficulty of targeting terrorists without civilian

casualties. He added that Israel must "take all possible actions in order to avoid any civilian casualties, to

avoid any undue damage to the Palestinian infrastructure and always to consider the effects of theiractions on the political process, the Israeli-Palestinian track and moving that forward."[124]

Turkey

In response to the 2014 IsraelGaza conflict and Egyptian support for Israel, Turkish Prime Minister

Recep Tayyip Erdogan called Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi an "illegitimate tyrant".[129]He also

stated that "If Israel continues with this attitude, it will definitely be tried at international courts."[130]

Other responses

On 31 July2014 on the 23rd day of the 2014 IsraelGaza conflict,

Ireland's Foreign Minister Charlie Flanagan said he shared "the horror

and revulsion of senators and very many of our citizens at the

horrendousscenes we have witnessed since the start of the Israeli

military operation." The Irish government, he said, condemned "both

the unacceptably high civilian casualty rate resulting from

disproportionate military action on Israel's part as well as the firing of

rockets by Hamas and other militants into Israel." [131]

See also

Israeli disengagement from Gaza

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Palestinian political violence

References

1. " U.S. Gives Israel More Grenades and Mortar Rounds for Gaza Offensive" (http://www.newsweek.com/us-

gives-israel-more-grenades-and-mortar-rounds-gaza-offensive-262221).Newsweek. 30 July 2014.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweekhttp://www.newsweek.com/us-gives-israel-more-grenades-and-mortar-rounds-gaza-offensive-262221http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_political_violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_Easthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Flanaganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflicthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_McCormackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-defensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manif-Palestine-Saint%C3%A9-12.07.2014-1.JPG


11/18


12/18

22. M akdisi, Saree (22 September 2007). "The War on Gaza's Children"

(http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-makdisi22sep22,0,1839917.story?coll=la-news-

comment-opinions).Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-04-24.

23. C asualties by year: 526 (2006), 295 (2007), 833 (2008), 1014 (2009), 68 (2010), 105 (2011), 246 (2012), 2

(2013). Source: B'Tselem [1] (http://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/before-cast-lead/by-date-of-

event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-security-forces) [2] (http://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/during-

cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-security-forces) [3](http://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-

security-forces)

24. "I srael and the Palestinians Gaza abacus" (http://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2012/11/israel-and-

palestinians). The Economist. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2013.

25. "I SRAELI MILITARY OPERATIONS AGAINST GAZA , 20002008".Journal of Palestine Studies 38: 122

138. Spring 2009. doi:10.1525/jps.2009.xxxviii.3.122 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2009.xxxviii.3.122).

26. S cott Poynting; David Whyte (16 May 2012). Counter-Terrorism and State Political Violence: The 'war on

terror' as terror(http://books.google.com/books?id=sbis_h_TplIC&pg=PA117). Routledge. p. 117. ISBN 978-

1-136-29848-6. Retrieved 14 May 2013.

27. " Human Rights Watch written statement on Gaza to the UN Human Rights Council"

(http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/01/22/isrlpa17898.htm).Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2008. Retrieved

2008-04-21.

28. ht tp://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1084677182465

29. Hamas militants vow to end truce (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5065982.stm), BBC Online, 10

June 2006

30. D emocracy Now! | AIPAC v. Norman Finkelstein: A Debate on Israel's Assault on Gaza

(http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/06/29/1420258)31. [4 ] (http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061017/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians_3)

32. D efense Update News Commentary: 1 January 2005 - 31 January 2005 (http://www.defense-

update.com/2005_01_01_defense-update_archive.html)

33. " Country Reports on Terrorism 2005" (http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf) (PDF).

April2006. Retrieved 2012-11-07.

34. D efending Israel's Positions in Rafah

(http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Defending_Israels_Positions_in_Rafah.asp)

35. S /PV.4972 of 19 May 2004

(http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/c996d2a0e321274185256e9a0051f

5c6!OpenDocument)

36. " Today's Briefing" (http://www.aipac.org/briefing/). American Israel Public Affairs Committee. 19 October

2006. Retrieved 2006-10-19.

37. "PM: We will not recapture Gaza" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3268440,00.html).

Ynetnews. 2 July 2006.

38. " Commander: We met stiff terrorist resistance" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-

3320193,00.html). Ynetnews. 26 October 2006.

39. G aza doctors say patients suffering mystery injuries after Israeli attacks(http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/17/israel1). The Guardian, 17 October 2006.

40. Is abel Kershner (19 May 2007). "Israeli Army Strikes Gaza Rocket-Launching Cell"

(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/19/world/middleeast/19cnd-mideast.html?hp).New York Times.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/19/world/middleeast/19cnd-mideast.html?hphttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/17/israel1http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3320193,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynetnewshttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3268440,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committeehttp://www.aipac.org/briefing/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/c996d2a0e321274185256e9a0051f5c6!OpenDocumenthttp://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Defending_Israels_Positions_in_Rafah.asphttp://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdfhttp://www.defense-update.com/2005_01_01_defense-update_archive.htmlhttp://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061017/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians_3http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/06/29/1420258http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Onlinehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5065982.stmhttp://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1084677182465http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/01/22/isrlpa17898.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-29848-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=sbis_h_TplIC&pg=PA117http://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2009.xxxviii.3.122http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2012/11/israel-and-palestinianshttp://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/after-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-security-forceshttp://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/during-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-security-forceshttp://www.btselem.org/statistics/fatalities/before-cast-lead/by-date-of-event/gaza/palestinians-killed-by-israeli-security-forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%27Tselemhttp://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-makdisi22sep22,0,1839917.story?coll=la-news-comment-opinions


13/18

41. 1 2 children among 19 killed by Israeli tank fire (http://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,,1942339,00.html?

gusrc=rss&feed=), The Guardian

42. It aly: Israel shelled Beit Hanoun deliberately (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3326976,00.html),

YNetIsrael News, 12 November 2006

43. "I sraeli shelling kills 18 in Gaza" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6127250.stm). BBC News. 8

November 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-14.

44. "I DF kills gunman in Gaza for first time since truce" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3339743,00.html). Ynetnews. 26 October 2006.

45. " Report: IDF seizes Jihad man in Bethlehem; 2 Qassams fired"

(http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/805295.html). Haaretz. 26 October 2006.

46. "I slamic Jihad vows to avenge death of 2 operatives" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-

3342493,00.html).Haaretz. 20 October 2006.

47. " Gaza conditions 'at 40-year low' " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7280026.stm). BBC News. 6

March 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

48. E rlanger, Steven; Cooper, Helene (19 September 2007). "Israel Pressures Hamas Ahead of Rice's Arrival"

(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?

scp=3&sq=Gaza+fuel+Qassam&st=nyt).New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

49. "I srael declares Gaza 'hostile territory' " (http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/09/19/africa/mideast.php).IHT.

19 September 2007.

50. " Cabinet declares Gaza 'hostile territory' " (http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/905561.html). Ha'aretz. 20

September 2007.

51. S ecurity Cabinet declares Gaza hostile territory

(http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Templates/ArticleDynamicFix.aspx?

NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fMFA%2fGovernment%2fCommuniques%2f2007%2fSecurity%2bCabinet%2bdeclares%2bGaza%2bhostile%2bterritory%2b19-Sep-

2007%2ehtm&NRNODEGUID=%7bC93011D3-18EA-4EEB-84C1-

717072E4071A%7d&NRCACHEHINT=Guest) by MFA

52. " EU warns against 'collective punishment' in Gaza" (http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-

30214320071029). Reuters. 29 October 2007.

53. G aza: Israels Energy Cuts Violate Laws of War (http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/02/07/isrlpa17994.htm) by

Human Rights Watch

54. Is rael cuts electricity and food supplies to Gaza (http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/israel-

cuts-electricity-and-food-supplies-gaza-20080121) by Amnesty International

55. U N'troubled' by Hamas legislators' arrests - Israel News, Ynetnews

(http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404081,00.html)

56. "I srael launches raids into Gaza" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6664917.stm). BBC News. 17 May

2007. Retrieved 2007-05-20.

57. S ofer, Ronny (15 May 2007). "IDF may respond harshly" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-

3400428,00.html). ynetnews.com. Retrieved 2007-05-20.

58. "I srael pushes Gaza offensive amid rocket attacks

(http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSL1731780720070526)"59. A irstrike hits Gaza ministry building (http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/02/27/mideast/index.html)

CNN, 27 Feb. 2008
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNhttp://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/02/27/mideast/index.htmlhttp://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSL1731780720070526http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3400428,00.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6664917.stmhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404081,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_Internationalhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/israel-cuts-electricity-and-food-supplies-gaza-20080121http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watchhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/02/07/isrlpa17994.htmhttp://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-30214320071029http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Foreign_Affairs_Ministryhttp://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Templates/ArticleDynamicFix.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fMFA%2fGovernment%2fCommuniques%2f2007%2fSecurity%2bCabinet%2bdeclares%2bGaza%2bhostile%2bterritory%2b19-Sep-2007%2ehtm&NRNODEGUID=%7bC93011D3-18EA-4EEB-84C1-717072E4071A%7d&NRCACHEHINT=Guesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%27aretzhttp://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/905561.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Herald_Tribunehttp://www.iht.com/articles/2007/09/19/africa/mideast.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?scp=3&sq=Gaza+fuel+Qassam&st=nythttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7280026.stmhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3342493,00.htmlhttp://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/805295.htmlhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3339743,00.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6127250.stmhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3326976,00.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/israel/Story/0,,1942339,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=


14/18

60. C hildren killed as Gaza violence flares (http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/02/28/mideast/index.html)

CNN,28 Feb. 2008

61. P alestinians: Israeli attacks killing dozens

(http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/01/mideast/index.html) CNN, 1 Mar. 2008

62. ^ a b UN Demands End to Gaza Strip Violence as 72 Palestinians Killed

(http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aLyZdF2fucGg&refer=home)

63. Ir anleader calls on Muslims to hit Israel 'in face' over Gaza op(http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959923.html)

64. ^ a b cWhite House calls for end to Gaza violence: spokesman

(http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g5m6DPBT8Ba1eOE00ORUel-9ZrKQ)

65. A bbas: Gaza attacks 'a holocaust' (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0C8EBD66-032E-4470-82FB-

005D6A2B5186.htm)

66. A bbas suspends ties with Israel (http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/52EF7122-5D4D-416A-B343-

37118EAD689B.htm)

67. E U condemns "disproportionate" use of force by Israel (http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-03-02-

eu-israel_N.htm)

68. Security Council, Secretary-General alarmed by deadly violence in Middle East

(http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25816&Cr=Palestin). UN News Centre. 2 March 2008.

Retrieved 2008-03-03.

69. Is rael withdraws from Gaza as anti-rocket offensive ends

(http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/03/mideast/index.html)

70. "I sraeli Gaza operation 'not over' " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7274929.stm). BBC. 3 March

2008. Retrieved 2008-03-03.

71. U .S. calls for end to continued violence, return to peace talks

(http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959837.html)

72. Is rael Agrees to Truce with Hamas on Gaza

(http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/18/world/middleeast/18mideast.html?_r=2&fta=y), The New York Times,

18 June 2008.

73. Is abel Kershner (25 June 2008). "Rockets hit Israel, breaking Hamas truce"

(http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/25/africa/25mideast.php). International Herald Tribune. Archived

(https://web.archive.org/web/20090210013724/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/25/africa/25mideast.php)

fromt he original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009.74. ^ a b Gaza Truce May Be Revived by Necessity

(http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?

scp=2&sq=Ethan%20Bronner%20December%202008%20gaza&st=cse). By Ethan Bronner. The New York

Times. Published 19 December 2008.

75. A nthony H. Cordesman, THE GAZA WAR: A Strategic Analysis, Center for Strategic & International

Studies, February 2009 p.5 (http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/090202_gaza_war.pdf)

76. H arel, Amos (27 December 2008). "ANALYSIS / IAF strike on Gaza is Israel's version of shock and awe"

(http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050405.html). Ha'aretz. Retrieved 27 December 2008.

77. We izman, Steve (13 April 2009). "Gaza boat explodes in apparent attack, no injuries"

(http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ioi_0jtO9RjMwPNRoXNCndRPRq3gD97HIU0O0).

Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ioi_0jtO9RjMwPNRoXNCndRPRq3gD97HIU0O0http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050405.htmlhttp://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/090202_gaza_war.pdfhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?scp=2&sq=Ethan%20Bronner%20December%202008%20gaza&st=csehttps://web.archive.org/web/20090210013724/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/25/africa/25mideast.phphttp://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/25/africa/25mideast.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/18/world/middleeast/18mideast.html?_r=2&fta=yhttp://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959837.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7274929.stmhttp://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/03/mideast/index.htmlhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=25816&Cr=Palestinhttp://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-03-02-eu-israel_N.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/52EF7122-5D4D-416A-B343-37118EAD689B.htmhttp://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0C8EBD66-032E-4470-82FB-005D6A2B5186.htmhttp://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g5m6DPBT8Ba1eOE00ORUel-9ZrKQhttp://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/959923.htmlhttp://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aLyZdF2fucGg&refer=homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNhttp://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/03/01/mideast/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNNhttp://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/02/28/mideast/index.html


15/18

78. "I srael strikes back against Hamas terror infrastructure in Gaza 27-Dec-2008."

(http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-

+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Israel_strikes_back_against_Hamas_terror_infrastructure_Gaz

a_27-Dec-2008.htm) Israel Ministry of Foreign Af fairs. 21 January 2009. 2 February 2009.

79. "Factions refuse Abbas' call for unity meeting amid Gaza massacre" (http://www.webcitation.org/5djtfP92i).

Archived from the original (http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62543/factions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-

meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.html) on 11 January 2009."Iraqi leaders discuss Gaza massacre" (http://www.webcitation.org/5dfW1C8nU). gulfnews.com. 28

December 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iraq/10270761.html) on

8 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-08.

"Israel airstrikes on Gaza kill at least 225" (http://www.webcitation.org/5eULZTBGU).Khaleej Times.

Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA). 27 December 2008. Archived from the original

(http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?

xfile=data/middleeast/2008/December/middleeast_December507.xml&section=middleeast) on 10

February 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "Hamas slammed the "silent and still Arab position on Gaza

massacre""

"Hamas denies firing rockets from Lebanon" (http://www.webcitation.org/5djdLfR31). Special

Broadcasting Service. Agence France-Presse. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original

(http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1004526/Hamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanon) on 11

January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-11. "Hamas spokesman: "it's impossible to contain the Arab and

Islamic world af ter the Gaza massacre""

"Diplomatic race to stop the Gaza massacre" - " "

(http://www.webcitation.org/5djZbRLwy).BBC News. BBC Arabic. 5 January 2009. Archived from the

original (http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7810000/7810968.stm) on 11January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-11.

"Victims of the Gaza massacre of nearly 3,000 in the ninth day of the aggression" - "

3 " (http://www.webcitation.org/5ddnm9cIU). Arab News Network

(Moheet). 4 January 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.moheet.com/show_files.aspx?

fid=207760) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.

"Gaza massacre roused anti-Semitism in Europe" - " "

(http://www.webcitation.org/5eQJS6P5i). Dar al hayat. 7 February 2009. Archived from the original

(http://www.daralhayat.com/opinion/02-2009/Article-20090206-4c6b5e3b-c0a8-10ed-016d-

304693d69d55/story.html) on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.

80. " TIMELINE - Israeli-Hamas violence since truce ended"

(http://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKTRE50423320090105). Reuters. 5 January 2009.

81. B yers, David; Hider, James (28 December 2008). "Israel Gaza blitz kills 290 as ground troops mobilise"

(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article5407382.ece). The Times (London). Retrieved

2010-05-03.

82. Is raeli Gaza strike kills more than 200

(http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/27/africa/28mideast_update.php), International Herald Tribune, 2008-12-

27.83. A mos Harel. "Most Hamas bases destroyed in 4 minutes"

(http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050432.html). Ha'aretz. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%27aretzhttp://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1050432.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Herald_Tribunehttp://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/27/africa/28mideast_update.phphttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article5407382.ecehttp://uk.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUKTRE50423320090105http://www.daralhayat.com/opinion/02-2009/Article-20090206-4c6b5e3b-c0a8-10ed-016d-304693d69d55/story.htmlhttp://www.webcitation.org/5eQJS6P5ihttp://www.moheet.com/show_files.aspx?fid=207760http://www.webcitation.org/5ddnm9cIUhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7810000/7810968.stmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBChttp://www.webcitation.org/5djZbRLwyhttp://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1004526/Hamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Pressehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Servicehttp://www.webcitation.org/5djdLfR31http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2008/December/middleeast_December507.xml&section=middleeasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agenturhttp://www.webcitation.org/5eULZTBGUhttp://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iraq/10270761.htmlhttp://www.webcitation.org/5dfW1C8nUhttp://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62543/factions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.htmlhttp://www.webcitation.org/5djtfP92ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairshttp://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Hamas+war+against+Israel/Israel_strikes_back_against_Hamas_terror_infrastructure_Gaza_27-Dec-2008.htm


16/18

84. Y aakov Katz. "A year's intel gathering yields 'alpha hits' " (http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?

cid=1230111714969&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull). Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 28 December 2008.

85. M cCarthy, Rory; David Batty and agencies (2 January 2009). "Israeli warplanes destroy Gaza houses and

mosque as air s trikes continue" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/02/israel-gaza-attacks). The

Guardian (London). Retrieved 2009-01-05.

86. " Rockets land east of Ashdod" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3645485,00.html). Ynetnews.

28 December 2008. Retrieved 28 December 2008.87. " Rockets reach Beersheba, cause damage" (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3647569,00.html).

YNET. 30 December 2008.

88. B utcher, T. (3 January 2009). "Israel invades Gaza in attempt to destroy Hamas"

(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/4093083/Israel-invades-Gaza-in-

attempt-to-destroy-Hamas.html). The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 June 2013.

89. B arzak, I.; Keyser, J. (3 January 2009). "Israeli ground troops invade Gaza to halt rockets"

(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/03/israel-blasts-hamas-targe_n_154942.html).Huff ington Post.

Retrieved 7 June 2013.

90. " Gaza 'human shields' criticised" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7818122.stm). BBC News. 8

January 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-04.

91. " Holding Gilad Shalit as a hostage is a war crime"

(http://www.btselem.org/english/Press_Releases/20070625.asp) - B'Tselem press release, issued 25 June 2007

92. M cGreal, Chris (23 January 2009). "Demands grow for Gaza war crimes investigation because of events

suchas the use of white phosphorus to bomb a UN school as collateral damage to the alleged terrorists

operating next to it." (http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/13/gaza-israel-war-crimes). The Guardian

(London). Retrieved 2009-01-23.

93. Is rael tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza (http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre5053r7-us-palestinians-israel/). By Nidal al-Mughrabi. 12 January 2009. Reuters.

94. L appin, Yaakov (26 March 2009). "IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers"

(http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1237727552054&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull). JPost.

Retrieved 2009-03-26.

95. Y ounis, Khan (22 January 2009). "Rights Group Puts Gaza Death Toll At 1,284"

(http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/01/22/world/main4746224.shtml?source=RSSattr=World_4746224).

CBS.Retrieved 2009-02-17.

96. " Hamas, Israel set independent cease-fires"

(http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/18/israel.gaza/index.html). CNN International. 18 January

2009. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

97. "I srael wants rapid Gaza pullout" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7836660.stm). BBC. 18 January

2009. Retrieved 2010-01-04.

98. " Last Israeli troops 'leave Gaza' " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7841902.stm). BBC News.

21 January 2009. Retrieved 2010-05-03.

99. " Billions pledged to rebuild Gaza" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7918105.stm). BBC News. 2

March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-04.

100. MAP - Witness (http://www.map-uk.org/news/media-room/witness.aspx) "It's been five years since'Operation Cast Lead' and the people of Gaza continue to suffer from the most destructive Israeli assault since

the Six Day War".
http://www.map-uk.org/news/media-room/witness.aspxhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7918105.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7841902.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7836660.stmhttp://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/18/israel.gaza/index.htmlhttp://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/01/22/world/main4746224.shtml?source=RSSattr=World_4746224http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1237727552054&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFullhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reutershttp://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre5053r7-us-palestinians-israel/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/13/gaza-israel-war-crimeshttp://www.btselem.org/english/Press_Releases/20070625.asphttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7818122.stmhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/03/israel-blasts-hamas-targe_n_154942.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/4093083/Israel-invades-Gaza-in-attempt-to-destroy-Hamas.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YNEThttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3647569,00.htmlhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3645485,00.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/02/israel-gaza-attackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Posthttp://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1230111714969&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull


17/18

101. " Gaza militants kill Israel troops" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8589529.stm). BBC News. 26

March 2010.

102. "I sraeli airstrikes target Gaza after multiple attacks"

(http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/08/18/israel.shooting/). CNN. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 20

August 2011.

103. "I srael launches strikes on Gaza after attacks"

(http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/08/201181893519247218.html). Al Jazeera. 19 August 2011.Retrieved 21 August 2011.

104. MATTHEW KALMAN, "Massed Israeli troops poised for invasion of Gaza"

(http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/massed-israeli-troops-poised-for-invasion-of-gaza-

8316615.html), The Independent, Retrieved 15 November 2012

105. " Gaza and Israel begin to resume normal life after truce"

(http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1238511/1/.htm), BBC news. Retrieved 2012-11-22.

106. T he Associated Press (2012-11-22) (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20444499)

107. " After eight days of fighting, ceasefire is put to the test" (http://www.timesofisrael.com/several-casualties-in-

explosion-in-central-tel-aviv/)

108. L azaroff, Tovah (16 November 2012). "Ashton, Merkel say Israel has right to defend itself"

(http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=292162). The Jerusalem Post.

109. " Gaza Rocket Attacks" (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/11/200551.htm) (Press release). US:

Department of State. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.

110. " UPDATE 8-Rockets hits near Tel Aviv as Gaza death toll rises"

(http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/15/palestinians-israel-idUSL5E8MF10320121115). Reuters. 14

November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

111. H all, Bianca (16 November 2012). "Gillard condemns attacks on Israel"(http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/gillard-condemns-attacks-on-israel-20121116-29fx8.html)

(Press release). AU: Fairfax Media. Retrieved 16 November 2012.

112. Les ministres europens mettent en garde Isral quant l'escalade de la v iolence Gaza[European ministers

warnIsrael about escalade of violence in Gaza] (http://m.euractiv.com/details.php?aid=516096) (in French).

EurActiv. 16 November 2012.}.

113. "Foreign minister Nikolay Mladenov commenting on the situation in southern Israel and the Gaza Strip"

(http://www.mfa.government.bg/en/events/73/4/539/index.html). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria). 15

November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.

114. " Canada Condemns Hamas and Stands with Israel" (http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-

communiques/2012/11/14a.aspx?lang=eng&view=d) (Press release). CA: Foreign Affairs and International

Trade. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.

115. S tatement of MFA on Israel and the Gaza Strip

(http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/en/issues_and_press/statements/x2012_11_15_prohlaseni_mzv_cr_k_aktualnimu_vyvo

ji_situace_v_izraeli_a_pasmu_gazy.html), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic 15 November 2012

116. " Russia condemns 'disproportionate' strikes on Gaza" (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-

East/2012/Nov-15/195155-russia-condemns-disproportionate-strikes-on-gaza.ashx#axzz2CJLCPknc).The

Daily Star. LB. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.117. " Atthe UN, Pakistan s lams Israel's offensive in Gaza" (http://tribune.com.pk/story/466271/at-the-un-

pakistan-slams-israels-offensive-in-gaza/).The Express Tribune. PK. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 16

November 2012.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://tribune.com.pk/story/466271/at-the-un-pakistan-slams-israels-offensive-in-gaza/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanonhttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Nov-15/195155-russia-condemns-disproportionate-strikes-on-gaza.ashx#axzz2CJLCPknchttp://www.mzv.cz/jnp/en/issues_and_press/statements/x2012_11_15_prohlaseni_mzv_cr_k_aktualnimu_vyvoji_situace_v_izraeli_a_pasmu_gazy.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/11/14a.aspx?lang=eng&view=dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bulgaria)http://www.mfa.government.bg/en/events/73/4/539/index.htmlhttp://m.euractiv.com/details.php?aid=516096http://www.theage.com.au/opinion/political-news/gillard-condemns-attacks-on-israel-20121116-29fx8.htmlhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/15/palestinians-israel-idUSL5E8MF10320121115http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/11/200551.htmhttp://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=292162http://www.timesofisrael.com/several-casualties-in-explosion-in-central-tel-aviv/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20444499http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1238511/1/.htmhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/massed-israeli-troops-poised-for-invasion-of-gaza-8316615.htmlhttp://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/08/201181893519247218.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/08/18/israel.shooting/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8589529.stm


18/18

External links

Video(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_CjAZuqIAk) on YouTube of Israeli President Shimon

Peresspeaking about the Israeli-Gaza conflict in Davos, 2009.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GazaIsrael_conflict&oldid=619806011"

Categories: GazaIsrael conflict Gaza Conflicts in 2014

This page was last modified on 4 August 2014 at 12:10.

Texti s available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms mayapply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered

trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

118. " Morocco Strongly Condemns Israeli Raids on Gaza" (http://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/533367). Rabat,

BH. Bahrain News Agency. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.

119. "Sudanese president condemns Israeli strikes on Gaza" (http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/744662.shtml).

Global Times. CN. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.

120. " Lebanese president: Israeli attack on Gaza obstructs peace"

(http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=456924). NOW Lebanon. 15 November 2012.

Retrieved 15 November 2012.121. "I DFs Operation "Protective Edge" Begins Against Gaza" (http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-

news/idfs-operation-protective-edge-begins-against-gaza/2014/07/08/). JewishPress. Retrieved 8 July 2014.

122. "I sraeli army marches on Gaza"

(http://www.israelherald.com/index.php/sid/223870395/scat/f81a4d9d561822ee/ht/Israeli-army-marches-on-

Gaza). Israel Herald. Retrieved 18 July 2014.

123. " Gaza death toll rises as Israeli strikes continue" (http://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0729/633682-gaza-israel/).

rte.ie. Retrieved 30 July 2014.

124. ^ a b "UN chief concerned about Palestinian, Israeli attacks (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-

3403193,00.html)"

125. " Qassam lands near Sderot; no injuries (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3403506,00.html)"

126. ht tp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404081,00.html

127. ht tp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404639,00.html

128. ht tp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-Israel-Gaza.html?

scp=1&sq=humanitarian+situation+in+Gaza&st=nyt

129. " Turkey PM slams Egypt's 'illegitimate tyrant' Sisi (http://news.yahoo.com/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-

illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.html)". Yahoo News. July 18, 2014.

130. " Turkey's Erdogan says Israel should face trial over Gaza assault"(http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/24/us-mideast-gaza-turkey-idUSKBN0FT2BZ20140724). Reuters. 24

July 2014.

131. "I reland horrified and revolted by death and destruction in Gaza"

(http://www.irishsun.com/index.php/sid/224312675/scat/aba4168066a10b8d).Irish Sun.com. Retrieved 1

August 2014.
http://www.irishsun.com/index.php/sid/224312675/scat/aba4168066a10b8dhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/24/us-mideast-gaza-turkey-idUSKBN0FT2BZ20140724http://news.yahoo.com/turkey-pm-erdogan-slams-egypts-illegitimate-tyrant-sisi-130905463.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/world/AP-Israel-Gaza.html?scp=1&sq=humanitarian+situation+in+Gaza&st=nythttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404639,00.htmlhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3404081,00.htmlhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3403506,00.htmlhttp://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3403193,00.htmlhttp://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0729/633682-gaza-israel/http://www.israelherald.com/index.php/sid/223870395/scat/f81a4d9d561822ee/ht/Israeli-army-marches-on-Gazahttp://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/idfs-operation-protective-edge-begins-against-gaza/2014/07/08/http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=456924http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://www.globaltimes.cn/content/744662.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrainhttp://www.bna.bh/portal/en/news/533367http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttp://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict&oldid=619806011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_CjAZuqIAkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_2014http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gazahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict

gaza–israel conflict

Documents