TIMELINE OF ISRAEL TIMELINE OF ISRAEL CONFLICTCONFLICT

LATE 1800’S TO WW 1LATE 1800’S TO WW 1

• Zionism:Zionism:• Theodore Herzl, a Theodore Herzl, a

leading Jewish leading Jewish sympathizer, states sympathizer, states that a Jewish that a Jewish homeland is needed homeland is needed to stop the violence to stop the violence against the Jewsagainst the Jews

Arabs (Ottoman Empire) Arabs (Ottoman Empire) are defeated in World are defeated in World War I by Britain, France, War I by Britain, France, and USA. and USA.

BETWEEN THE WORLD WARSBETWEEN THE WORLD WARS

• Britain takes control Britain takes control of the Palestinian of the Palestinian area.area.

Balfour Declaration:Balfour Declaration: Says Palestine is to be Says Palestine is to be

used for a Jewish used for a Jewish homelandhomeland

Made by BritainMade by Britain 680,000 Jews start to move 680,000 Jews start to move

to Palestineto Palestine

WW IIWW II

• Hitler and the HolocaustHitler and the Holocaust• Adolph Hitler comes to Adolph Hitler comes to

power in Germanypower in Germany

• 6 millions Jews were killed 6 millions Jews were killed

during his time in power all during his time in power all

over Europeover Europe• Equal to 2/3 of the total Equal to 2/3 of the total

Jewish population in EuropeJewish population in Europe

• Hostilities between Jews Hostilities between Jews

and Arabs in Palestine and Arabs in Palestine

beginbegin

1947-19481947-1948

• United Nations:United Nations:• An agreement is made to An agreement is made to

end hostilities between end hostilities between Arabs and Jews.Arabs and Jews.• Palestine is to be split in 2.Palestine is to be split in 2.

• 650,000 Palestinians are to 650,000 Palestinians are to be moved from Jewish be moved from Jewish controlled areas.controlled areas.

• 1948: Israel declares 1948: Israel declares independence from independence from Britain.Britain.

1948 WAR OF ISRAEL 1948 WAR OF ISRAEL INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

• Israel is attacked by Israel is attacked by

Syria, Lebanon, Syria, Lebanon,

Jordon, Egypt, and Jordon, Egypt, and

Iraq.Iraq.

• Israel defeats all of Israel defeats all of

the Arab countries the Arab countries

back and gains back and gains

more territory.more territory.

SUEZ CRISIS- 1956SUEZ CRISIS- 1956

• Egypt attempts to Egypt attempts to control a Canal from the control a Canal from the Mediterranean Sea to Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea to stop the Red Sea to stop supplies getting to supplies getting to Israel.Israel.• Britain and France send Britain and France send

troops to stop Egypt.troops to stop Egypt.• Israel joins in and attacks Israel joins in and attacks

EgyptEgypt• This heightens tensions between This heightens tensions between

Egypt and Israel.Egypt and Israel.

THE PLOTHE PLO

• Palestine Liberation Palestine Liberation OrganizationOrganization• Formed in 1964Formed in 1964

• Aim is to free Palestine Aim is to free Palestine from Israeli control from Israeli control through forcethrough force

• Leader is Yasir ArafatLeader is Yasir Arafat

• PLO leads many attacks PLO leads many attacks on Israeli civilians and on Israeli civilians and militarymilitary

6 DAY WAR- 19676 DAY WAR- 1967

• Seeing Egypt, Syria, and Seeing Egypt, Syria, and

Jordon are getting ready Jordon are getting ready

to attack Israel, Israel to attack Israel, Israel

attacks all 3 countries at attacks all 3 countries at

the same time.the same time.• Israel is able to quickly Israel is able to quickly

defeat all threedefeat all three

• Israel takes land from all 3 Israel takes land from all 3

countriescountries• Israel doubles in sizeIsrael doubles in size

YOM KIPPUR WAR- 1973YOM KIPPUR WAR- 1973• Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the Jewish holiday Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the Jewish holiday

of Yom Kippurof Yom Kippur• Israel again successfully defends itself with no changes Israel again successfully defends itself with no changes

in borders.in borders.

• Middle Eastern countries agree to stop sending oil to Middle Eastern countries agree to stop sending oil to Western countries like the United States.Western countries like the United States.• Gas shortages occurGas shortages occur

• Spill over into US and RussiaSpill over into US and Russia• Russia supplies Arab countries with weaponsRussia supplies Arab countries with weapons

• US supplies Israel with weaponsUS supplies Israel with weapons

• Tensions rise between US and RussiaTensions rise between US and Russia

PEACE PROCESS STARTS 1978PEACE PROCESS STARTS 1978

• Camp David AccordsCamp David Accords• US President Jimmy Carter US President Jimmy Carter

meets with leaders from meets with leaders from Israel (Begin) and Egypt Israel (Begin) and Egypt (Sadat).(Sadat).

• Israel agrees to give back Israel agrees to give back territory to Egyptterritory to Egypt

• Egypt agrees to recognize Egypt agrees to recognize Israel’s independenceIsrael’s independence

• Sadat is assassinated Sadat is assassinated shortly afterward by shortly afterward by Muslim extremists who Muslim extremists who don’t want peace. don’t want peace.

INTIFADA 1980’SINTIFADA 1980’S

• Groups of regular Groups of regular

Palestinian civilians Palestinian civilians

begin an uprising begin an uprising

against Israel’s against Israel’s

military occupation.military occupation.

ISRAEL AND IRAQ- 1981ISRAEL AND IRAQ- 1981

• Fearing Iraq may be Fearing Iraq may be

making nuclear making nuclear

weapons, Israel weapons, Israel

destroys Iraq’s destroys Iraq’s

nuclear factories.nuclear factories.

ISRAEL INVADES LEBANON- 1982ISRAEL INVADES LEBANON- 1982

• Invades because PLO Invades because PLO

headquarters is in headquarters is in

Lebanon’s capital, Lebanon’s capital,

BeirutBeirut• Israel’s attacks to stop Israel’s attacks to stop

the PLO’s attacksthe PLO’s attacks

PEACE AGREEMENT- 1988PEACE AGREEMENT- 1988

• Israel and the PLO Israel and the PLO

agree to cease-fire agree to cease-fire

and for Israel to and for Israel to

return to their pre 6 return to their pre 6

Day War boundaries.Day War boundaries.

OSLO PEACE PROCESS- 1993OSLO PEACE PROCESS- 1993

• US President Clinton meets with Israeli leader US President Clinton meets with Israeli leader Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasir Arafat.Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasir Arafat.• West Bank and Gaza Strip are to be given to West Bank and Gaza Strip are to be given to

Palestinians to run.Palestinians to run.• Israel is promised peaceIsrael is promised peace

RABIN IS ASSASSINATED- 1995RABIN IS ASSASSINATED- 1995

• During a peace rally During a peace rally

following the Oslo following the Oslo

Accords, Rabin is Accords, Rabin is

assassinated by an assassinated by an

Israeli militant who Israeli militant who

was against peace.was against peace.

MODERN VIOLENCE 1995-2005MODERN VIOLENCE 1995-2005

• Second Intifada:Second Intifada:

• More violence against Israelis for their continued military More violence against Israelis for their continued military

presence in Palestinian areas.presence in Palestinian areas.

• Israel reacts:Israel reacts:

• Israel sends troops to West Bank and GazaIsrael sends troops to West Bank and Gaza

• Israel starts building fence around the Gaza StripIsrael starts building fence around the Gaza Strip

HEZBOLLAH IN LEBANON- 2006HEZBOLLAH IN LEBANON- 2006

• An extremist group An extremist group called Hezbollah called Hezbollah takes control of takes control of LebanonLebanon• Israeli soldiers Israeli soldiers

kidnappedkidnapped• Rocket attacks startRocket attacks start

• Israel invades Israel invades Lebanon to stop the Lebanon to stop the attacksattacks• Invasion succeeds and Invasion succeeds and

attacks stopattacks stop

HAMAS IN THE GAZA STRIP- HAMAS IN THE GAZA STRIP- TODAYTODAY

• In retaliation of In retaliation of Israel’s continued Israel’s continued military presence in military presence in the Gaza Strip, the the Gaza Strip, the group Hamas starts group Hamas starts launching rockets into launching rockets into IsraelIsrael• Israel reacts by Israel reacts by

bombing the rocket bombing the rocket sites and sending sites and sending troops into Gaza.troops into Gaza.